 Heavy metal contamination is a serious global health concern, especially in developing countries. Conventional remediation methods can be costly or produce harmful byproducts, so there is a need for an environmentally friendly solution. Bioremediation using microbes and their extracellular polymeric substance, EPS, is one promising technique. EPS is a complex mixture of high molecular weight biopolymers including proteins, polysaccharides, uronic acids, humic substances, and lipids. These components give EPS its unique characteristics, making it effective at binding and removing heavy metals from water. This article reviews the current research on EPS and discusses its potential use in bioremediation. This article was authored by Pratima Gupta and Batil Diwan.