 I have been waiting a whole year to say this joke. They told me I had to wear a mask. OK, that was a long way to go for that joke. Actually, as a speaker, I don't have to wear a mask, so that's pretty awesome. Welcome, everyone, to the closing game. Sorry for that bit of silliness at the beginning, but we try to have a little bit of a fun time at the end of the conference here. This is a tradition. If you've never been here before, I hope you have a good time while you're here. So let's just get right into it. A little pre-fetching. If you're here, you're going to be playing this game with red and green cards. If you're at home, though, you will need to log in to a URL that I will show shortly. But before you do that, you need to look up your conference registration number in order to be able to play because that's part of the registration process. So please be looking that up while I talk a little bit. So at the end of the conference here, we want to thank those who have made it possible. Of course, our sponsors. We have a lot of great sponsors this year. We won't be able to do it without them. Our Diamond and our Platinum sponsors, and Gold, and Silver, all kinds of precious metals, and our Bronze, and our partners. And also, I really got to give a shout out to the members of the program committee who helped organize the content, select the talks that we had. I thought we had some great content this year. And so I really appreciate these guys and gals and all the work that they do. Oh, let me see. I'm going to need my real glasses. I'll put on my shades later. And then, of course, we couldn't have this. This really is a, the event is something where we just share information with each other. And so the speakers are actually kind of the stars of the program. And the people who work to prepare materials and present it so that we can all benefit as a community. And then the attendees, I thank you all for being here. For those that could make it, I know you had to brave travel to get here. Apologize that we couldn't have more kind of open borders and get some of the people from Europe and Asia here. But we're glad that they could join us online as well. And then I would be very, very remiss if I didn't give a shout out to the Linux Foundation event staff, who I believe are the best in the business. So let's give them a round of applause. Now, if you are playing at home, please go to closinggame.net. And start registering. So you need to register your account. There's a form that'll pop up that requires your confirmation number. The other three fields are completely at your discretion. But you can decide an account name, a user alias. And also your real name and email address. In case you win, we have to communicate with you. So this will only be used if you win a prize. Our privacy policy is this file gets deleted right after the game, except for the winners. And then just get your computer or your browser waiting on that page until we're ready to do that. So just a little bit of housekeeping before we move on. Speakers, please submit your PDF to the sketch.com site. Use the managed session on your session page. Or just email them to cfpeatlinuxfoundation.org. Don't make us hunt you down. Every year, there's a couple of people I have to go chasing down to make sure we get your presentations. The sessions were recorded. And they will be put on YouTube soon. And we'll make you aware of that. So there's a presentations page. It's already available that's been made. And some of the slides are already there. So you can go, it's a nice, handy, single page where all the slides and links are going to be. And when the videos are made available, we'll put the links to those videos on that page. So we appreciate the people who work on that stuff behind the scenes. So future events, we are going to do this again next year. Maybe we'll do it twice. That's been our historic trend. But COVID turned everything upside down. So we have embedded Linux conference. It will be somewhere in North America, actually, the United States of America in June. So pencil those dates in. And then embedded Linux conference Europe, 2021. We're going to shoot for Dublin again. So this is our third try at getting to Dublin. And we'll see. Third time's a charm. Maybe it's a lucky charm. I don't know. Sorry, that was bad. What? Oh, where is it? First plug. Oh, 2022. Oh, yeah. Yeah, it wasn't two weeks ago. Gosh, thanks. Yeah, I don't want to say I just copy and paste my slides, but, you know, so this was our first hybrid event. There were some things that went well and some things we think could probably be improved. We had a lot of last minute changes due to the resurgence of COVID. We really had high hopes that we'd be able to get more people here in person. Borders had not opened like we'd hoped. But I still hope that you had a great experience. And please give us feedback on the event. Send an email to the Linux Foundation or even to me directly and let us know what you think could be improved or what you liked or what you disliked. So now let's just get right into it. We don't have a whole lot of time. So we're just going to start playing some games. In the old days, we used to have these games where we'd pull some people up on stage and only they could win prizes. I don't like that. I like kind of a democratic thing where anyone who plays, anyone in the audience can participate and play. So we have two types of games. We're going to call the first one a game of skill. You'll see. And then the second one we'll call a game of luck. The basic outline is we're going to narrow, we're going to start with a big group and then narrow the contestants down and winners will be selected to win a prize. So this is the first time, of course, we're doing this. This is a hybrid. We're going to try and play in person and online at the same time. Who knows if it's going to work? We'll see. Oh, we've already got 44 people registered online though. So that's pretty good. So if you're at home or you're online, make sure you register, go to that registration page. We'll answer questions and hopefully win some prizes. If you're here, let me explain how the game works. Make sure you have two cards of different colors, a red card and a green card. At the beginning we'll have everyone stand up and then as we go through the trivia questions, you hold up a card to match what your answer is. If you're wrong, we request that you sit down. And we have judges watching. So eventually the people who remain standing will win a prize and then we'll keep doing rounds until we run out of time or trivia. The probability that this is all going to work is pretty low. So on the virtual machine that I was running this on, they changed the USWGI or UWSGI, whatever. They changed one of the demons on it and I had to convert my script from Python 2 to Python 3. If you've ever done such a conversion, you know that there's gonna be a unicode error in here somewhere and the whole thing will fall over and it'll be terrible. But that makes it all the more fun. I made other changes to the script just this week. There's not a lot of intense testing and the server's been a bit unstable, so let's see what happens. What can you win? You can win a gift certificate to LWN.net. LWN.net is great. They're a great resource for the community and if you're not a subscriber, you really should be. Not only do you get the early access to some of the paid articles, all the articles become free eventually, but it's really good to support John Corbett and his team of editors and writers and then we have a bunch of gift cards that we can give away. So with that, our first game is gonna be a trivia game. It's embedded Linux history, technical and nerd trivia and I came across an XKCD that I thought was pretty funny and it kind of makes me think about what's going on here. So this is, experts always kind of overestimate how familiar people are with their area of expertise. So I don't know if you can read this, but one geochemist is saying to the other, silicate chemistry is second nature to geochemists. So it's easy to forget that the average person probably only knows the formulas for olivine and one or two felt spars and quartz, of course. And I kind of feel like that with these questions. For me, a lot of these questions are second nature, but then I'm kind of nerdy and I watch the kernel traffic in the mailing list a lot. So I apologize in advance if it's stuff that you're not familiar with, but it's kind of a guessing game anyway. And this is important, we're talking in the hallway right before this. Everybody knows the game is not fair. So if you get booted out and you think I'm wrong, that is kind of too bad. And if you're at the other type of fairness that could happen, of course, besides me being wrong, well, I guess this is just a different way for me being wrong. If the whole game just falls over and all the people at home get logged out, that's kind of too bad too. So, but if you want to follow along, the stream will be going. So even if the game falls over online, people at home can watch the stream and see the questions and hopefully enjoy some of this. So if you're at home, go to closinggame.net. We're very proud of that registration that we got there. And it's RG for the red-green game. And now I'm gonna do this, switch to browser for online game. So here in the room, let's see here. Okay, so we've got 51 people playing at home and we've got people here. So everybody stand up and make sure you have your cards in your hand. And we'll see if this works. Yeah, okay, this is our warm-up question. The currently released version of the kernel is 5.15 RC5 or 5.14.8. Okay, so commit to your answer. We've got 18 people answered so far at home. Still waiting for those to come in. Oh yeah, there's a lag in the video. Like last year it was like seven seconds or 10 seconds or something, it was really bad. The game is not fair. Okay, oh, we're up to, we're in the 30s. See if we can break 40 and I'll go ahead and. Okay, okay, and the answer is. Release candidates are not released kernels. It says right in their name. So if you're green, sit down. Besides, RC5 is not even the right kernel. It's RC, is it RC4? I think it's RC3, but it's not RC5, I know that. Okay, so congratulations to the people who stayed in. Actually, a bunch of people are still in. We have 36 people online still in. Okay, a group of security researchers got into trouble this past year. Was it green for submitting patches with intentional security bugs or red for publicly announcing security flaws without first notifying the kernel developers? Oh, I didn't fool anyone. Oh yeah, I don't know if the people at home can see the audience, but I'm not gonna tell them what everybody's holding up, so okay. The answer on this one is, this was of course the infamous, okay, come on. This was the infamous University of Minnesota incident that they back in August of 2019, 2020, somewhere in there. They submitted some bogus patches. They said that they took measures to try to prevent the patches from actually making into mainline, but one of them actually did. And the reason it did was because despite the fact that they thought it had a bug in it, it actually was a correct fix. But they said they weren't trying to harm the community, but this caused a lot of issues. And they did apologize and things got better. So let's go to the next question. Okay, how many embedded Linux conferences have there been? 16 or 30? This is one of those things where people kind of look around the room. 16 or 30? Gotta wait for people online. There's actually a pretty healthy delay waiting for people online. Okay, yeah, I don't know, can they see? Oh, the camera zoomed on me, okay, that's good. I mean, it's one thing to crib off people in the room, okay, the answer is 30 because I was counting ELC Europe, which is an ELC, so that's pretty good. Oh, oh, okay, we knocked out a bunch. How are we doing in the room? God, one, two, three, four, five, eight, nine. Okay, sorry, we gotta keep going. Okay, this would be harder if Linus hadn't said it in his keynote. Okay, so how old was Linus Tarvalds when he made the first announcement of Linux? Was he 21 or 24? 21 or 24? We got a healthy number of users online. Okay, he was, and he said this in his keynote, he was 21, so, oh, I gotta throw some stuff in there. I thought here that fools people. Okay, this is a tricky one. How many times has Linux landed on Mars? Is it once, 14 times or more than 14? If it's more, I didn't explain the both thing, but if you think it's more than 14, you hold up both cards. So, how many times has Linux landed on Mars? I will, so should I give people a hint? Nah, no, the game's not fair. Okay, this one is both red and green, more than 14, and the reason, of course, is because the helicopter has flown 13 times, so technically that's a landing on, and I counted twice because there's two instances of Linux in the Perseverance rover, one for the EDL cameras and one for the base station. So, I don't know why you wanna count that as a landing on Mars, it's not fair. Okay, we're down to four here. Oh, we're down to four online, we'll do, I'm sorry, we're doing one more question, but this is an easy one, come on. Who wrote the book, The War of the Worlds? Was it Edgar Rice Burroughs, Jules Verne or H.G. Wells? Okay, I'm just waiting for people to answer online. I'm kinda, I'm always curious how many people who are virtual have the game running in one browser and like Wikipedia in another, because this is a pretty easy one to find the answer for, it's H.G. Wells, and it's pretty interesting, it was written at the end of the 19th century, which, and a lot of the stuff in there is actually, still makes for pretty good movie, I mean, still, Steven Spielberg made a movie out of it. Okay, so I believe, how are we doing? We got four and four, let's go ahead and declare winners. Okay, so these are the people online that won and you four people who are still standing have won. This is the part that we didn't practice, we don't know what exactly we're doing. Can you? Oh yeah, it's, oh Frank, yeah, Frank, come on. I don't know, well, he doesn't know the questions, so. So we need to get the information from you four people, just real quick, just let us see your, oh actually I saved this to a file, so you don't need to. So, but if we can get, yeah, these two gentlemen also. All right, so eight winners, how did that time, okay. Well, the good news is for everyone else, is that everyone's back in the game, so you can all stand back up. Sorry, the people who won, it's exhausting, it's a hard life. Okay, next question, which of the following companies was victorious in an important lawsuit about copyright of APIs that was released this year by the US Supreme Court, went all the way to the Supreme Court? Okay, I would ask you to not look around, but it's impossible not to look around. Okay, and the answer on this one is Google. This was actually a really big deal in terms of being able to use APIs. This would have had a dramatic impact on open source and sharing if it had gone the other way, but the Supreme Court ruled that the way that Google used those APIs, or that basically they ruled that using APIs in general, not the implementation, but the APIs is fair use. And so that was a big deal. Okay, okay, how many instances of Linux are there now, right now, in outer space? Is it less than 100 or more than 100? People who said more than 100, that's a good answer. It's actually 106,000. So it's a little bit more than 100. And the reason for that is SpaceX with their crazy Starlink constellation of satellites, there's 66 instances of Linux in every Starlink satellite. They do all this stuff with redundancy. Instead of using radiation hardened processors, they're using redundancy and voting, and that's how they're doing the fault tolerance stuff. So it's actually pretty impressive. When I checked this, which was like a couple days ago, it was 1607 working satellites right now. But then there's Linux a couple places on Mars and there's some CubeSats that were on Mars and it's on the International Space Station. There's a little robot that runs Debian on the International Space Station. So a couple other places as well. Let's see. Okay, speaking of space, the space needle is either green, the name of a hypothetical space elevator project by NASA, or is it red, an observation tower in Seattle, Washington, or is it both? Okay, and the answer is it's only the tower. Sorry, if you held up two cards, you need to sit down. So NASA has studied space elevators. You would think that that's a sci-fi concept that's too far out there for them to have even looked at, but they did. They studied it, I think it was way back in 2003. But the name they gave it was Space Elevator. They didn't call it Space Needle, or anything really kind of cool. Or Skynet, that would have been a good. Okay, well speaking of the space needle, is it less than 50 years old or more than 50 years old? Okay, just waiting a little bit more for online people. Oh, and I should probably, okay. Okay, we've got a lot of people answered here. It's more than 50 years old. I would have pegged it at 72 myself, but in the early 70s, when I was just 10 years old, I won't tell you which year that was, but I went to the Space Needle, it was really cool. When it was built, it was the tallest structure west of the Mississippi. So I don't know, did I fool anyone with that one? I don't know, not very many. We've got five still in at home. Oh, okay, yeah, this will knock some people out. Okay, scientists recently demonstrated two ways to create truly random numbers extremely quickly. So we all know that random numbers, truly random numbers are very important for cryptography and stuff, and both of these methods used a laser. So these are both real solutions, but one was much faster than the other. Was green a laser reflecting with itself in a special micro cavity? Or red, a laser interacting with the quantum vacuum state? So who's up on their laser random number generators? The fact that they have devices that interact with the quantum vacuum state just blows my mind, it is just unbelievable. I don't know, is it? Okay, how are we doing? If you are green, stay up. So, oh, we're down to two. Two in the room, and let me see how many at home. Four at home. Okay, what do you guys think? Should I do one more round, or is that cruel? That would give us, okay, let's declare winners. Oh, except you've won before. I didn't. Okay, so these are the winners online, and I'll go take his picture of his badge again. We'll figure out something. I don't know, it records to a file. We'll deduplicate this. Okay, okay, let's go one more time. I think we have time for one more round here. Okay, oh, this is huge news. People have been waiting for this for so long. Preempt RT, this was just announced at Plumbers. Was preempt RT, has it finally been merged, fully merged into the mainstream Linux kernel? This is trickier than it looks. Well, actually it's not that tricky, because everybody knows there's always stuff left. So, what is it? Notice that source, the title of the article I got this from is Linux Central Real-Time Patches integrated after 17 years, and then they went on to describe the situation, which is really close, but there's still some stuff outstanding, oh yeah, yeah, yeah. That's right, yeah, it's also not merged because you can't turn it on, so anyway. Okay, next question. Okay, PrintK, we had a PrintK change in 5.15, which doesn't happen very often. So, what does the new PrintK do? What does it support? Automatically translating messages into other languages, besides English? Or getting a list of all PrintK messages in the whole kernel? Okay, I see how it goes. I don't, let's see if I fooled anybody at home. No, very few people at home too. So this is actually a pretty neat feature if you're doing, there's a lot of administration suites that do regular expression matching on messages to detect problems. And so having a definitive list of all the messages is super handy, well, especially you can note when things change, if the message you've got a regular expression for disappears, then you need to go fix your administration thing. It's like the people who lose are the ones that switch. Oh, well that's a good point. Okay, the comment, in case you couldn't hear that, is if you're the person not winning, you probably should win the LWN.net article. Yeah, cause it's like I totally crib most of this stuff off LWN.net. Okay, dash W error is a new feature in the Linux kernel, 5.15. And is this green, any compiler warning is converted into an error that halts the build? Or is this red, certain errors can be converted into warnings so they don't halt the build? Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha. Aha. Okay, and this is actually the top one, so, or the green one. Any compiler warning is converted into an error. So that means warnings, the great thing about this is that more and more builds are gonna be warning free, so you won't see all this noise and junk when you're building. And so eventually we'll get to a point where like when a warning pops up, someone will actually look at it and pay attention. That's the goal here. Okay, how many private, all non-professional missions to outer space have there been ever in the history of the world? Is it one, two, or three? How many private, all non-professional missions to outer space have there been? That's a good question. The carbon line is 100K. But the US says it's 80K? I'm not gonna comment on what line this uses. Ha ha ha ha ha ha. And I'll explain why I don't have to comment. Let's see here. It's actually two. The Virgin Galactic Flight, besides not going to 100K, also had a professional pilot. To outer space. Ah. Oh yeah, well the game's not fair, is it? Did he make it to, did he make it to, did he make it to 80K though? No, like 100,000 feet. I don't think a balloon's ever been to 80K. Well, I don't know. Oh yeah, was it? Well, I don't know. I'm giving it to SpaceX and Blue Origin, I'm sorry. So, okay, how we do, you again. Okay, we're gonna go one more question. Oh dude, again, okay, here we go. Oh, that's good. Oh, let's see, can you divine my password from my typing 128K miles? Okay, this last one is kind of fun. During the landing sequence for the Inspiration 4 mission, that was the SpaceX mission, we just had a couple of weeks ago. One of the crew members has shown watching what in-flight movie? When you go into outer space, you can watch an in-flight movie. Was it Star Wars, Alien, or Spaceballs? And the answer is Spaceballs. I thought I was gonna die laughing. I was watching the landing thing and they actually showed him. He's just sitting there, you know, astronaut watching Spaceballs. That's pretty cool. Okay, so let's see. Let's go ahead and declare winners. I'm not sure what we're gonna do with you. We'll get you some number of prizes. But we have two at home. A3F and KK Reet. Okay, should we call it there? How many are we at? How many total winners? Okay, let's, it's 530. We better move to the next game. And the next game is Rock, Paper, Scissors. So everybody stand up. We'll do this, we'll do one round of this. Oh no, it's not Rock, Paper, Scissors, Lizard, Spock. Which we have done in the past, but it's too complicated. Okay, so the way this game works, of course, is standard Rock, Paper, Scissors. If you've never played before, just hold your hand up. So you hold your hand up in either a Rock, a Paper, or Scissors. And you have to beat what's in the presentation. These are hard coded in the presentation. And if you do, you get to stay in. That means that two thirds, so a tie does not allow you to stay in. So two thirds of you will get eliminated every round. It's brutal and fast. Just like we like our games. Okay, so I'm gonna say one, two, three, throw. And this time you can't crib because nobody knows the answers. So if you watch someone else, it doesn't help you. So one, two, three, throw. Okay, the answer was that the host threw Scissors. So if you are Rock, stay in the game. All right, and let's go to the next round. Okay, so you who are still in the game, how many we got, one, two, three, four, five, eight. Okay, oh, people are throwing their answers. The answer's at home. That's good. We'll wait for just a sec. Show a result. Nope, is it gonna work? Oh, that would be classic if it fell over right now. Oh, there we go. Okay, the host threw. Oh, okay, just stay standing. I forgot to have you throw your answer. Okay, it's too late to throw it now. How many people did we, we wiped out the people at home, though. So there's an advantage to being in the room. You can capitalize on host mistakes. Okay, this time, let me have you actually throw your answer. One, two, three, throw. Okay, a lot of scissors and rocks. There's a delay. I think it might be because of the streaming delay, so it takes a while for people to register. So I threw paper, so if your scissors stay standing. Okay, we're gonna do this one more time. I'm sorry, you who are still up, because this is, okay. So, and at home, they should be seeing the next question, and they're still in. Okay. One, two, three, throw. Okay, are we good? At least one of you is out, but we'll see how many are waiting for people at home. Rock, so paper is the only winner right there. And let's declare winners, and we had Paolo21 at home, and this gentleman here. All right. Yeah. So, Jillian, can you get his info? Yeah. No, no, no, we gotta stop, because we're out of time. So, okay, so now, that is the end of the game. I hope you guys had a good time. We have more questions. Some of them were funny. We'll see. Let's see, how do I, okay. So, these are just my closing thoughts here. So, it's been a rough, it's been a rough 18 months. We've talked, you know, in June, I really had high hopes. I had what I call peak hope that we're nearing the end of the pandemic. The numbers were looking good. People were getting vaccinated, and then the Delta variant came out, and it's been challenging. And not just COVID-19, but there seems to be a lot of disagreement in the world. A lot of people bickering, and a lot of hard feelings between people. And the really sad thing is, on my presentation last year, I had these exact same two bullet points. COVID's going longer than expected, and lots of disagreement. But, it's easy to succumb to negative thoughts, but there are awesome things happening in the world. Some of the things that I found inspiring this year, probably didn't realize it. This is the type of news that gets buried in the press, but polio was actually officially eradicated from the continent of Africa. That is awesome. So, yeah. The inspiration for Mission to Space, a lot of people are calling it just, you know, a billionaire tourist ride, but it raised money for a good cause. It raised over $210 million for children's cancer research and patient treatment. We landed a rover and flew a helicopter on Mars, running Linux. That's pretty awesome. Companies around the world are making great strides in waste reduction. Health care workers around the world made significant sacrifices to help those affected by COVID-19. A lot of people made heroic efforts in the last couple of years. And some people, I just want to point out, are able to stay really positive in the face of extreme adversity. And so, one person I want to talk about is Hailey Arsenault. So, when she was 10 years old, she was diagnosed with bone cancer. And then she overcame it, had a really good attitude about it. And she was selected by St. Jude. So, St. Jude's, who was the benefactor of the Inspiration 4 mission, got to select someone to go on that trip. And she just had a really good attitude. There were some things in training that were very, very difficult for her. She has a prosthesis because of her bone cancer, but she just had the greatest attitude. And every time, I swear, every time they would cut to the capsule, she was always floating upside down. You know, it was like just having a great time and just really inspiring. Everybody on the flight, I thought was inspiring, had an inspiring story, but her especially. And if you look at, it made me think, what is it that makes people positive? You know, she had all these things that she overcame, but she was positive before they selected her for the mission. They selected her for the mission because she was a positive person. She had a really positive outlook on life. And she did a lot of things to support a cause that she believes in. She drove herself really hard to be able to accomplish that. And there's a documentary on Netflix. If you haven't seen it, I recommend watching it. It's pretty inspiring. And the question that I thought watching her was, where does that come from? And the interesting thing, I think, is it probably became from her cancer. Okay, when you think about it, adversity can, some people it breaks, but some people it changes for the better. And we don't go out and we seek adversity. No one, two years ago would have said, oh, it'll be a great thing if we have a pandemic. But it's been, it's not a bad thing. I'm not saying a pandemic is a good thing. But you can take adversity and you can channel it and be positive after it. So don't let adversity and negativity and cynicism wear you down. There's always an opportunity to go out and do something positive in the world. One of the things, I mean, you can volunteer, you can donate to a good cause. You can work on open source. Open source software is one of the things that we as a community contribute to the world. We give them of our time and our talent to make the world a better place. And go be kind. So let's build a great and hopeful future together. I hope, I think the future is brighter than it's ever been. It's been a rough couple of years, but we're coming out of it. And this conference is just a little tiny glimmer of our ability to get back together and enjoy each other's company and learn and grow. So I thank you for coming to ELC this year. You are the ones in the room are the stalwart brave ones. I hope everyone, both here and online was able to learn something. The videos are gonna be online, so there's continued opportunities for learning. And I hope that I can see you in person next year. So thank you very much.