 فتحوا آدك الأيام فتح ومرسل الحديث which is مرسل is if you hear a حديث is مرسل it means according to him is is when a companion is disconnected so a طابعي says that the prophet said so what's missing is a companion and a حديث which is غريب حديث which is strange is a حديث only one person narrated it so in that one line he told us two things in science of حديث the first one is مرسل and the second one is غريب but here because what he says is that is a Sahabi is missing and that isn't the case because if a Sahabi was the thing that was missing from the chain then we would have accepted it because all the Sahabas are reliable but the issue is that a طابعي says that the prophet said and the reason why we don't accept it is because there's a possibility he might be narrating this or the person who he dropped could have been another طابعي and not all the طابعي were taken in their narration whereas the Sahabas all their narrations are taken so that's why we need to know who's missing from the chain of narration in this situation so a حديث which is مرسل is a حديث which a طابعي attributes to the prophet basically that's what it is whether it's a speech whether it's an action whether it's a consent wherever he ascribes to the prophet from those three a طابعي is called مرسل it is called مرسل and an example for that is ما رواه أبو داود في المراسيل أبو داود السجستاني رحمه الله the author of this sonan he has a book called البراسيل he has a book called البراسيل and he brought the narrations which were مرسل and he brought the حديث of the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم which أبي محمد من الشيهاب الزهري من الشيهاب الزهري ascribed the حديث to the prophet in which he said that the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم استعان بناس من اليهود في خيبراء في حاربه فأسهم لهم that the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he used a group of Jews in the battle of خيبر so this statement is زهري to the prophet it is called مرسل زهري is an إمام من أأمة المتقين he is a righteous he is an إمام from the time of the تابعين he never saw the prophet he only saw the صحابه he only saw a صحابي now who is missing from this chain of narration اكدوى صطى the person between this إبن الشيهاب الزهري and the prophet it could be a صحابي or it could be another تابعي which he narrated from if we were 100% sure that who he dropped off is a companion then that narration is accepted but we don't and we can't say 100% because there's a possibility that is a تابعي he dropped so we need to know who this تابعي is what's his name and how is his memory like and etc then the author goes into وقل say غريب مارا وارا وين فقط غريب is a hadith which is strange why is it called غريب the reason it's called غريب is because one individual narrated it and it makes it strange just like a person who is alone comes to a place where he doesn't normally reside or his country or his town he's looked at as a strange individual and that's the same that is why it's called غريب an example for that is the hadith narrated by عمر من الخطاب رضي الله تعالى عنه where the prophet said إنما الأعمال بالنيات وإنما لكل مرئ مانوى that hadith the only person who narrated it from the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم and conveyed it to us is عمر and the only person who narrated it from عمر is عالقامة ابن أبي وقاس and the only person who conveyed it from عالقامة is محمد ابن عبراهيم التيمي and the only person who narrated it from محمد ابن عبراهيم التيمي is يحيا ابن السعيد الأنصاري and after يحيا ابن السعيد الأنصاري the hadith it got narrated by a large amount of individuals but before that it was what it was غريب it was غريب meaning only one person narrated it so when a hadith only one person narrates it in any place of a hadith it's called what it's called غريب good وكل ما لم يتصل بحالي إسناده منقاطع الأوصالي and every type of hadith that is not connected every hadith that is not connected then this hadith is considered a weak narration it's called a disconnected narration إسناده منقاطع الأوصالي pay attention if a hadith is disconnected and it is not connected what do you call it you call it منقاطع you call that منقاطع منقاطع means a hadith which is not connected it's a chain the chain is not connected by an individual or more are missing from the chain this is called what it's called منقاطع it is called منقاطع so any place where any person drops it's called what it's called منقاطع very good an example for that would be إمام أبو داود when he narrated in the sunan he said سليمان ابن داود المهري قال أخبارنا ابن وهبن عن يونس ابن يزيد عن ابن شهاب أن عمال ابن الخطاب قال وهو على المنبر يا أيها الناس إن الرأيه إنما كان من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وصيبه والله كان يريه وإنما هو من الظن والتكلف هذا الحديث إمام البخاريه سليمان ابن داود المهري who then said who then narrated from ابن وهب who then narrated from عن يونس ابن يزيد who then narrated from ابن شهاب الزهري and then ابن شهاب الزهري he ascribes this حديث عمال ابن الخطاب now the chain is disconnected this حديث is من قطع as الإمام المنذري he mentions in his مختصر صنن ابن داود he says this chain is disconnected why is it disconnected because محمد ابن الشهاب الزهري لم يدريك عمال ابن الخطاب محمد ابن الشهاب الزهري never met عمال ابن الخطاب محمد ابن الشهاب الزهري he did not meet عمال ابن الخطاب so this is called what من قطع disconnected this is called what disconnected so this chain is not connected and so it becomes weak و المعضل الساقط من هثناني و ما أتا مدلس النوعاني the author here he moves on to something known as معضل معضل is a different type of disconnection it's another it's a different type of disconnection it means when two disconnections two individuals are missing but these two individuals are next to one another okay it is ما ساقط من إسنادي it is anything that is disconnected from the chain of narration or more but they are connected to one another this is called what معضل this is a condition in any place of the it doesn't matter it is called what it is called it's called معضل it's called معضل an example would be for that even though this part حديث which is معضل sorry the example for حديث which is معضل is as follows that which الإمام الحاكم narrated in his book معرفة علوم الحديث الإمام الحاكم النسابوريو where he said هو قرأة for himself to عبدالله عبدالله بلما سلمة القعنبي هو مالك يبنو أناسن يأتي لأبو هرير السد قال رسول الله that the messenger said للملوك طعامه وكسوته بالمعروف ولا يكلفه من العمل إلا ما يُطِق The slave that is owned he has his food and he also has his clothings in good It should be looked after in terms of his food and in terms of his clothing ولا يُكلفه وكسوته بالمعروف وكسوته بالمعروف وكسوته بالمعروف هذا الحديث يُطِق يُطِق نفسه وكسوته بالمعروف وكسوته بالمعروف أين يُطِق إعطاله وكسوته بالمعروف أعطاله إمام مالك يُطِق إعطاله He took two people missing from the chain of narration There are two people missing Who are the two people that are missing محمد ابن عجلان and his father are both missing محمد ابن عجلان and his father are both missing from the chain of narration So in this regard The hadith is what The hadith is not accepted Two people are missing Unless we know who those two people are And we can research into them So إمام مالك رحم الله تعالى In his موطع he took those two people out And he didn't mention it Good By looking at other narrations We find that those are the two people who are missing محمد ابن عجلان and his father والمعطالوا استقطوا منه ثناني معطال is when two people have been dropped from the chain of narration And they have to be next to each other So محمد ابن عجلان and his father are both next to each other But if there is this connection at the beginning And at the end that's not called what That is not called معطال معطال means that both together In the middle of them in the chain Very good And now he's going to move on to What is known as مدلس And I said to you last time When we spoke about عنعان We spoke about something called مدلس What is a مدلس A مدلس it is an individual Who would drop a person out of the narration Deliberately But won't lie He won't lie He would choose to drop somebody out So the حريث Can seem very smooth To him and the messenger Or he can shorten it I mean it meant a lot to The narrators to seem closer to the prophet So some of them would drop somebody out They would drop one or two people out And there were many factors why they would do that One as I said Is they would do it so they can get closer to the prophet Or they would do it Because the individual they narrating it from Is a weak individual But when they drop this person out They're not going to lie and say From the person who they are describing it to They would say from that person So it has come from that person or not But they won't say I heard it from For example I gave this example before They would say محمد So here I have my hand محمد And I have أحمد So I heard this from محمد Who then heard it from أحمد Now I don't want a narrate from أحمد Because أحمد is weak Sorry محمد here محمد here and أحمد here So محمد here is weak I don't want to describe it to him I want to jump to أحمد So if I say I heard أحمد I'd be lying So I don't want to lie But I still want to drop محمد So I would say عن عن doesn't mean I heard it It just means from أحمد So I hope that makes it clear I am then called a مدلس A مدلس is that person who does that So the author says وما أتها That which comes as a مدلس is now عن is two types It's two types He's going to tell you what two types are They are Number line 19 he tells you Good ألمام بيقون He tells us the two types now here That تدليس happens in two ways He mentions them One is The first one is He will Drop a person out And that's the type I told you الأول The first one It is for him to drop His teacher Or the person who he narrated it from He will drop him out And then the person who Above him So it was محمد and أحمد So محمد was my teacher right I dropped محمد And I jumped to him أحمد So then what does he do ينقول عما فوقه بعن وأن So محمد أحمد I drop محمد I go to أحمد And the intention I go to أحمد I have to use the word أعن or أن That's what he does That's the first time وَثَانِ لَا يُسْقِطُهُ The second type is that He doesn't drop a person لكن يصف But he describes him A person In a chain With a description That he's not known for But he is that That he won So for example The person isn't known for being He doesn't have the nickname He gives him a nickname That he's not known for Or he gives him a description That he's not known for To fool the people Not to know who this person is He's not lying The person has that description But he's not known for it For example He will He would say محمد الطويل So he was أحمد right So he would say أحمد الطويل Sorry محمد طويل He's the person He won't drop محمد طويل So we have محمد أحمد طويل He won't drop محمد He won't drop him But he will hide with him But I would do more He's known for example As محمد الصدوق So he just takes another description of his And he says no محمد الطويل Now people will say Who's محمد الطويل To confuse the people وثاني لا يسقطه He doesn't drop him لكن يصف He describes him It's not بما به لا يعرف That which no one can know him for To make it harder for the people Now the author He only mentioned two types He mentioned Two types So inshallah I'm going to mention All the types that are out there When it comes to تدليس تدليس The types of تدليس There are So there are three types Of تدليس In general There are three types Of تدليس تدليس We've taken it right Which is the person Who's doing all of that It happens in three different forms The first one Is called تدليس تدليس تسوية It's called تدليس تسوية And I hope from the name You guys can realize What it means تدليس تسوية It is A person who narrates From his sheikh You see And then he will drop A weak person Between two reliable individuals He will drop somebody out And he will get rid of He will organize The chain of narration And get rid of The weak individual Who's there And somebody Who's known to do that Was بقية بقية تبنو الوليد بقية تبنو الوليد Was very known to do that Very good The second type Is called تدليس It's called what تدليس تدليس تدليس تدليس تدليس It is A person narrates from an individual He narrates from a person Who he normally has heard from He is He is And he is And he is And he is And he is And he is And he is And he is And he is لكنه يتكلم عنه من ذلك الذي لم يتكلم منه حسنا this time he hadn't heard this particular one from him لا يتكلم أنه سبع صلاحة لا يتكلم أنه يتكلم عنه فهذا هو الذي يتكلم أنه يستخدم عن أو أن لذا عندما أقول محمد الأحمد لقد أخذت محمد لقد أخذته لكن أخذت ذلك اليوم عندما أخذت محمد محمد كان هنا لذا فقط أريد أن أخذه و أضعه في مكان the third type is could تدليس الشيوخ and that's the type that with any لا يستطيعه لا يستطيعه الإسمين والصافة هو لم أكن أخذه لا يكن يعرف it is that he narrates from the sheikh a hadith in which he heard from him but he will give him a name or a description or a title in which no one will know him for a description that no one would will know him for هذه are the types of تدليس وما يخالف تقة به الملاف الشاذ والمقلوب قسمان انتلا ابدال راوما براوين قسم وقلب اسناديل لمتني قسم The author رحم الله تعالى Here he moves on to the type known as شاذ It's known as شاذ And we've spoken about that before The sheikh is talking about شاذ here And he also talks about مقلوب which will be taken وما يخالف تقة So the first line or first شطر he talks about شاذ شاذ means ما يخالف تقة به الملاف شاذ means a person who opposes There's an opposition of a narrator A narrator is opposing His opposition is happening from one of two Either he is opposing a person who has more memorization than he does So he is what مقالفا لمن who أرجح منه حفظا In terms of memorization This individual is better memorization than him So he's opposing him That's one Or he's opposing a large amount of individuals Okay He's opposing a large amount of individuals That's شاذ That's شاذ Okay The second thing he mentions is و المقلوب قسمان تلا And مقلوب What does مقلوب mean? مقلوب is when something turns upside down When something turns upside down And because I can't put a direct definition of the word مقلوب Unless I tell you the types of مقلوب there are So the sheikh told you و المقلوب قسمان The مقلوب is two types And from the two types you realize what مقلوب means The first type is ابدال راوين ما بيراوين قسمو The first type is ابدال راوين ما بيراوين قسمو Which is ابدال لفت الآخر When two word makes They go back to front They turn over And example for that is ابو حريرا narrated ابو حريرا narrated و اسم بخارين اسم مسلم و الموطا امام ماليك و اسمه ابو حريرا And it's a seven يضلهم الله في ضله يوم لا ضل إلا ضله In that seven Allah mentions that he's going to give them a shade When there is no shade That's the Hadith The Prophet mentioned in the Hadith و رجل تصدق بصدقة فأخفى حتى لا تعلموا يمينه حتى لا تعلموا شماله ما تنفق يمينه The Hadith What happened in it by اقلاب مقلوب Is that instead of it being A man who gave charity so much That he hid it so much That his left hand is unaware of his right Instead of it being like that It became what That his left hand Sorry, his right hand was unaware of what his left hand gave And the person doesn't give his صدقة with his left He gives it with his right So what took place here It's called The ibnal The wordings changed Back to front Okay Back to front So it's the Hadith of the Prophet Where he said a man who gives a صدقة Or a woman who gives a صدقة And she hides it Or he hides it so much That his left hand Is unaware of what his right hand gave That's how it should have been And that's how the Prophet said it But then some of the narrations اقلاب It became مقلوب Which basically is That it said That his right hand Is unaware of what his left hand gave That's the first type The second type is And اصناد Of a مطن Is given to another A chain Is given to a wording of the Hadith Different to the other one Basically They take the chain And it gets given to another Hadith So mixing up the chains with the Hadith So The Hadith of the Prophet The process I'm saying is here The chain of narration is here They take that chain And they give it to another Hadith And they take another chain And they place it on top of the Hadith This is called اصناد مطن باصناد مطن آخر And that was what was done To Imam Al-Bukhari رحمه الله When he came to Iraq Baghdad When he came to Baghdad They wanted to test his memory So what they did to him was ابدال They mixed up the chain of narration For him to test his memorization And Imam Al-Bukhari رحمه الله He passed the test He put every narration رحمه الله In its correct place And this story What does it show تدل على سعة حفظ Al-Bukhari It shows how strong and tough Imam Al-Bukhari's memorization was وسيلان دهنه ودقة فهمه وثوق وثوق بنظره رحمه الله عليه رحمة واسعة ما يالله He has immense and vast mercy upon him So Imam Al-Bukhari That's how his memorization was That's the two types of مقلوب والفرد ما قايته بثقة أو جمع قصرين على روايتي The author, رحمه الله now he's going on to another type of حديث Which is known as فرد فرد is a حديث which is what حديث which is سنجلة حديث which is one person narrated it It is also known as what غريب And it's sometimes called فرد فرد means what And It means سنجلة مأخوذ من التفرد It's taken from the word تفرد And it's two types The first one is called فرد مطلاق It is the unrestricted سنجلة ناريشن And it's the narration where one reliable person narrates it And no one else did The second type is called فرد مقايت فرد مقايت فرد مقايت is the restricted type of single narration And it's of How many types? Two types The فرد مقايت The restricted The restricted type of سنجلة ناريشن is what It is It's two types Either it's a single The first type is إذا تفرد به أهل بلد معيان بألم يرو إلا أهل بلدت كده وكده It's when a narration is only narrated by a particular land A particular people of a particular land have only narrated this حديث Good The second type is called إذا تفرد بلدت معيان He's the only person who made it And this took place in the middle of the chain of narration It happens in the beginning of the chain of narration In the middle of the chain of narration Very good So the unrestricted one is at the top The مطلق which is the unrestricted It's one صحابي ناريشن from the prophet And then it becomes مطلق from there So it becomes فرد from there Another one is That the chain of narration becomes فرد from the middle It becomes restricted And it becomes singular from the middle It's called فرد مقايد