 Ladiši džendeljmeni, vse z Prof. Jan Rydel, koženator v poličnih zivnih netvorka, Evropne netvorka, vsega rečenja, vsega rečenja, vsega rečenja, vsega rečenja, vsega rečenja, vsega rečenja, vsega rečenja. Zato. Mene je stavljena, da bi se skupil, a zem svoje, da smo, sajemo so, na veliki webs, o emphasize, ne so si nevali. Zato, kduženja, tudi ljudi, kako smo izgledali začutnje, solidaritje in izgledanje tudi nočnih. Zdaj smo izgledali izgledanje, kako smo izgledali izgledanje, kako smo izgledali, kako smo izgledali, kako smo izgledali, kako smo izgledali izgledanje, kako smo izgledali začutne z tudi nočnih. Zdaj smo izgledali izgledanje tudi nočnih, zdaj smo izgledali izgledanje, believe two at least three different points of view, how to deal with the history and how to think about the consequences of the history. Then we went into details and discussed the concepts of solidarity and resistance, afterwards tried to show you some concrete projects, konkreet institutions and their versions of the work having behind solidarity and resistance. Then there was as usual the time for memory places. So we were in shelter, in prison and in a church, both connected with 20th century history and both witnessed 20th century history and all three making a bridge between history and our current situation. And now today we spoke about art as a tool of remembrance and as a tool of giving solidarity and showing resistance. And then during last panel there was the links to current situation and the war to the Ukraine. Now I would like to ask Professor Riddel to go into some details and then we will invite you to the next symposium, next year symposium. Again, ladies and gentlemen, during the symposium on resistance and solidarity which is now coming to an end, we have listened to many debates, many speeches, longer and shorter, but always inspiring presentations. It has been a lot of intellectual input that requires thought and work, therefore, please do not expect that I will be able to present to you now readymade solutions and finished results of our deliberations. On the first day we listened to a fundamental discussion between three exquisite intellectuals and political actors of recent decades, Ms. Carmen Megayon, Mr. Piotr Naimski and Mr. Michal Zhantowski, who was moderator and mediator. The superficial conclusion of the listener would be the 20th century Spanish experience and the experience of the inhabitants of Central and Eastern Europe are completely incompatible and even contradictory. Pacifism understood as a tendency to seek peaceful methods of resolving conflict is right, but as an imperative to act in practice, for example, in the face of unprovoked and barbaric aggression, it is completely pointless because it practically serves only the aggressor. On a closer look, the experience of the inhabitants of Central and Eastern Europe and of Spain have a common denominator. I saw it quite clearly while watching the movie Spain in Exile. This common denominator is the concentration camps of Mauthausen and especially Gózen, where Poles and Spanish republicans suffered and died side by side. The defenders of freedom, despite their differences, were victims of the same totalitarianism that killed people, not because of what they did, but because of who they were, as our friend from Lithuania said. Today Poles and Spaniards are working together to create a modern and dignified commemoration of their victims in these Austrian memorial sites. In the next part of the session, we focused on the question of whether memory can be a form of resistance and solidarity. The panellists from Hungary, Spain, Poland, and Romania have proven, I believe, that this is indeed the case. Remembrance can be a form of resistance as evidenced by the combating of commemorations of the victims of the dictatorship of Franco during its duration, as well as thousands of examples of fierce struggle of communists with people and organizations trying to commemorate Soviet crimes and crimes of local communists. Remembrance is also an excellent platform on which solidarity can grow. It can be both discovering unknown or forgotten lies, whose reminder generates an emotional sense of solidarity. This was the case, this is my reflection, for example, with the Scholl siblings in Germany or in Bavaria, and the young members of the Polish resistance movement. They were the same age, they were brought up and educated, de facto in the same spirit, they fought for the same goals and ideals, they died at the same hands, and yet these young Poles and Germans never met and never collaborated. So only now, years later, we do discover their affinity and arouse a moving sense of solidarity. Allow me one more reflection. Not only the memory of struggle, victories or common suffering in the past can serve to stimulate the sense of solidarity today. A similar function can be fulfilled, I believe, by the memory of common mistakes, omissions, and perhaps even crimes. This is the case of Poland and Ukraine. Both nations have done things to each other and to each other that they must be ashamed of. This memory and fear of repeating mistakes from the past is undoubtedly one of the most important reasons for the very intensive, solidarity-based cooperation of our societies and governments today. A moment ago, we heard excellent presentation about the arts as a form and vehicle of solidarity. Indeed, we have seen excellent examples of such an influence of art in which the art carries not only emotions, but also factual knowledge serving the purpose of commemoration and solidarity. As it was rightly pointed out in the discussion, art also has served totalitarian systems. However, I have the impression that we know now how to recognize this kind of manipulative use of art. For a few minutes ended a beautiful, very important discussion on ethical consequences and the lessons of 20th century history. I am not able to summarize this discussion. So, thank you very much. Thank you very much, Professor Riddel. And now I would like to thank all of you for being with us all three days for coming to Barcelona. And I would like to invite all of you to Warsaw next year. We decided to make the next symposium in Warsaw. It will be the second time in Poland because the first symposium took place in Gdańsk. But next year we will meet in Warsaw. And I would like to show you where it will take place. Thank you, because it will be really a special place. Our main partner is the Museum of Polish History, which is now under construction, not the institution, but the building is now under construction, and you will see it on the short film. They are going to open the building, not the main exhibition, but the building September this year. And I hope next year we will be able to see at least a part of the stable exhibition, because they need one year more or less to do that. But it is probably the biggest, the current biggest memory project in Europe. Thank you very much for being with us. Jordi, thank you for your help. Thank you to Eurom, thank you to the Solidarity Foundation of the University of Barcelona. Thank you to the University of Barcelona. And thank you to all of our colleagues who made it possible that we have been meeting this time. Thank you. I will be very brief. No idea of Spanish, just to you. Of course, thank you to you for this great idea to be here. And here has memory concept, it is, and it has to be, it is a place, it is an Agora place too. An Agora to discuss, an Agora to debate, an Agora to learn from our past, but also for our present conflicts. An Agora to share these international universal concepts has solidarity, but also has resistance. And well, it was a very good idea. Next year congratulations. So maybe, maybe in some years too, we will come and we will have another meeting of discussions in a new Agora too, maybe in the new Memorial Museum at La Modelo Prison, we hope, and I hope. And also to the participants and speakers. Gracias también a todas, a todos, colegas también por haber venido. For having come here, for having withstand the whole three days, and also for following the discussions which have been intense and rich, and they have given us many reflections of our thought, which in a way since 2012 will be discussing in many of the Agoras through Europe debates, which continue to be present, I think that the current conflict that we all wish to be finished in Ukraine, let's stop this Russian aggression. And as we have seen, and this has been a very life and intense debate about this same memory in Europe, and this memory and remembrance that we wanted to fight from Europe, because the most interesting thing, as Robert was saying, is the multiplicity of memories and being able to work in different scales and dimensions, this type of memories which are transmitted, as you know, in the present. And of course, they depend on other media, such as art also, which are based in knowledge and the critical analysis of history, and in this university we are also dedicated to this. And in a way, well, I don't know, we could present some conclusions. And he's switching to English now. And also, a lot of work to do with the European institutions, European platforms, has the House of European History, Constance, to put the focus on these debates, not only, of course, and to try to be so multi-liars, a multi-perspective as soon as possible, as far as possible, sorry. Thank you very much, to the interpreters, the technical team, the team of the NRS, and thank you to the university for allowing us to host the congress here. I have the pleasure to represent them here. It's an open place for everybody. And it's open to you all and your institutions and you as friends too. Thank you very much.