 Hello! In this lecture we're going to continue on with the closing process with step four, the final step of the process which will be to close out the draws. Remember that the objective is to have the adjusted trial balance be converted to the post closing trial balance. Adjusted trial balance is what we use to create the financial statements and the difference between the adjusted trial balance and the post closing trial balance will be that we want to have all temporary accounts including draws revenue and expense bound accounts to be converted to zero and have all that be in the owner capital account meaning the owner capital account will now be including all these accounts underneath crunched into basically one number we're going to do that with a four step process we have in the past done step one close out income to the income summary then we closed out the expenses to the income summary then we closed out the income summary that temporary account now having net income in it to the capital account now we're doing that last step which is to close the draws out to the capital account let's recap what we've had done so far step one we closed out revenue here's the income we closed it out making it zero we put it into that income summary account then in step two we closed out all of the expenses so that all the income statement account revenue and expenses we're now zero at this point is now zero at this point and we had the entire amount eighty eight nine eighty net income in the income summary important to note that within the income summary at that point we now have net income why would we do that it's that check figure it gives us a check to tell us that all of the income statement accounts are zero and that amount in the income summary is equivalent to net income that was reported on the income statement as the end of the last time period then we're going to take that net income we're going to allocate it to the appropriate capital accounts that's what we did in step three taking it out of income summary allocating it to the capital account only one capital account in this case if we were a partnership there would be multiple accounts to allocate to now we have this draws here so now we're on step four everything is zero all we have is this one draws account the draws accounts a little bit funny though because we can see that it's not an income statement account all other temporary accounts for the most part are income statement accounts this is an account that on financial statements is on the statement of equity and it also is kind of a contra equity account note the equity account represents what the company owes to the owner if we stick if we take a step back and say we're like the piece of paper where the company separate from the owner this owner's capital represents what is owed to the owner that's what the owner's equity section is it has a credit balance kind of like the liabilities do and the draws has a debit balance meaning it's the opposite meaning it's kind of like a contra equity account similar to the accumulated depreciation being a contra asset account because assets have debits and the accumulated depreciation is contra to it why would that be the case because draws represents the amount of money that the owner took out so if we think of ourselves as the business as the piece of paper separate from the owner and we think about the capital account representing what that piece of paper owes to the owner if that piece of paper paid the owner the 5000 then it no longer owes that 5000 to it and therefore the capital account should be going down by that amount let's see if that's what happens when we post out this final entry to the closing process we see that there's a debit balance in the draws account and if we have a trial balance it really helps us to see if it has a debit or credit if we don't look at the trial balance we don't have that cheat sheet we could easily go the wrong way I would always have the trial balance to take a look at it we want to do the opposite thing to it because we want to make it zero therefore we're going to credit it and if we post that out we would credit it and the other account is going to go to the capital we're closing it out to the capital so the debit then will go to the capital account if we post that debit to our trial balance then we have the 747 800 credit we did the opposite thing to it debiting it that will make it go down to in this case 747 42 800 so this is what we have at this point in time we have all of the income statement accounts zero as well as that clearing account income summary bearing zero and the draws being zero and the 742 800 now should be the number that we reported on the balance sheet as of the end of the last time period which was 1231 in this case so the post closing trial balance we can think about as right after as of 1231 right after we closed it or we can think about it as the first thing that happened January period one where we have nothing in any of the temporary accounts including the entire income statement it's important to note also that although we were we are posting all of this as of 1231 the cutoff date after the close of the last period we're not actually doing it at that time period in time because obviously we would have to make the financial statements which would take some time after the year in we're posting everything as of 1231 we're not actually doing it as of 1231 it's also important to note that the closing process could take different forms in different companies for example some types of software will actually do the closing process just based in terms of the date range meaning if you use something like QuickBooks and you make the different date range it will actually do basically the closing process for you but we still could have some formal closing process in there to restrict us from posting things to a period that had been closed because the problem with that is if anything gets backdated then our beginning balance will will get out of balance so whatever system we are using we do want to understand the closing process and we want to understand that if we're moving from a report that is going from the prior period to a trial balance that's going to another period that was after the closing process that it's going to show that all the income statement was closed as of the closing time period and then was rolled over to the equity section we need to basically realize that as we analyze the reports as well as understand it if we are doing the closing process as well as understand that when we are making journal entries or making adjustments after a closed time period we need to be very careful to be posting things to the prior time period because you'll notice all those accounts have been closed out if we post anything to 1231 or prior then to a temporary account that's going to cause us some problems in the future so we have now converted the adjusted trial balance to the post closing trial balance closing out all the temporary accounts how did we do that we did the step one close out income to the income summary step two close out expenses to the income summary step three close out the income summary now having that income in it to the capital account and step four finally closing out draws to the capital account