 Okay, good afternoon. Then I'm going to do the presentation with the title From Digitization to Digital Repetuation and analyze the case that the International Dunhuang Project. So my presentation will contain five parts. First of all, I will introduce two specific concepts, the repatriation and digital repatriation. And then my research aims and research questions. And I think it's necessary for me to introduce the specific context of China and the historical background of Dunhuang materials, which the International Dunhuang Project refers to, to give you a general idea of this project. And the rest of the presentation will be the case study, which I will interpret the International Dunhuang Project as an ethical approach to address the issue of repatriation in the context of China and how it works in China. So now we're coming to the concept, repatriation and digital repatriation. Well, repatriation refers to the lost cultural properties which left their community or country of origin, well, warplundered, illicit trafficking, theft, and illegal excavation. And in digital repatriation, here concerns the delivery in appropriate formats of copies of images, recordings, notes, observations, and other records of the culture of the people. But I'm not going to discuss the digitized process of the International Dunhuang Project and the specific technologies in IDP, but I'm going to study the international collaboration in this project and the specific relationship it constructed between China and other participants in the project. So as you may know, China is the country who faced a large amount of cultural properties that leave this country and now collected in museums and libraries in the world. And while the repatriation in China actually is slightly different with the repatriation of indigenous people because it's kind of state to state repatriation. So my research aim is to analyze International Dunhuang Project as an ethical approach in the context of China to undertake the digital repatriation and to explore the potentiality and insufficiency of digital repatriation. So, and I got my research question in the context of China to what extent does international digitization project like IDP ask or engage in and impact digital repatriation? Well, we're going to, I'm going to introduce the specific context of China and the historical background of Dunhuang materials. International Dunhuang Project actually is the International Cooperative Project which organized by British Library since 1993. And it mainly focused on the Asian Dunhuang materials which was founded in the library cave in Dunhuang Grutos in the northwest of China. And this Dunhuang materials was unfirely sold by this Daoist monk Wang Yuan Lu to the western and Japanese expandations in the early 20th century and then dispersed from Dunhuang to the museums and libraries in the world. But Dunhuang Grutos actually plays an important role in the history of Asian China. It is on the way of the Asian Silk Road and it is the gate for Asian China to do the cultural and commercial exchange and communication at that time. So this is the famous Buddhism site and this is the place for Asian people to do their religious behaviors. And it was listed by UNESCO to the World Cultural Heritage List in 1987. And actually this is old picture of number 16 cave and we are going to say the number 17 cave. Number 17 cave has a mysterious story. This small door at the north wall of the number 16 cave is actually the number 17 cave, yes, it's the library cave. And in this cave, it was sealed for a thousand years and it contains a large bunch of Asian Dunhuang materials including manuscripts, paintings and relics. And if nowadays you go to Dunhuang Grutos, you will say the number 17 cave is like this and how does this Asian Dunhuang materials disperse to the world? Well, there's a famous archeology that we have to mention here. The photo at the upper left corner is the most famous Hungarian-British archeologist, Sir Steen. He primarily known for his exploration and archeological discoveries in Central Asia and he played an essential role in discovering these hidden Dunhuang materials in the library cave as well since 1907. And well, actually I understand his efforts and the works but his works actually a little bit controversial in China. And he acquired 24 cases of Asian materials and including manuscripts and four cases of paintings and relics by unfirely transaction with that Daoist monk. I think the total value at that time is around 90 pounds so it's very cheap and his discovery even inspired a lot of Japanese, Russian, American and even Chinese treasure hunters and explorers. So the photo at the lower left shows the original look of these Asian Dunhuang materials. Actually in this small sealed library cave there are full of bunches of these Asian manuscripts as you can see in the right photo. This is also another famous archeologist from France named Power Palliott. And this photo shows he examined the Asian manuscripts in the library cave at that time and he went to Dunhuang in just one year after Mr. Sting in 1908. And all this Dunhuang materials refers to contains the scrolls, manuscripts that describe the local life and local cultural and also contains the religions contents which could help to study Dunhuang cultural deeper and more vivid of course. So which I want to say that digitization of this Asian Dunhuang manuscripts is actually very important. So under this historical background to establish online international database of this Dunhuang materials and make them freely online, freely available online in a variety of languages British Library started to cooperate with seven major institutions in the world to work on the digitization of this Dunhuang materials. China have two branches, the National Library of China and the Dunhuang Academy in Dunhuang. And this is the official website of IDP project. It was opened in 1998 and this database is open to the public from the school children to the scholars without any charges as long as it's used for research education only. And the advantage of this IDP project that I have to say first of all it's easy for researchers to access and reduce expenses. In early 20th century scholars who started the Dunhuang cultural has to go abroad and visit museums and libraries in the world which cost them a lot of money and also hard for them to get the permission as well. And the second one, second advantage is it helped to unify the retrieval standards and the catalogs. Well actually even in China a lot of museums and libraries themselves established their own database and they established their own standards which make scholars even in China hard to search. But in this website at the left they provide a great searching engine that you can search with the code, the catalog and the bibliography. And the third advantage of IDP is it can benefit related researchers. For example, the whole Asian Dunhuang manuscript actually was divided into a lot of pieces accidentally in the past and stored in different museums. And for scholars it's really hard for them to get all these original pieces and mix them together. So with the digital images it's largely helped scholars to combine these pieces in different museums in the world and then facilitate the research of the agriculture, the economics or even the costume at that time. And the last advantage is this as the director of IDP said in her paper this website value users experience very much and the reviews and comments of this website actually helped to develop the project itself. So this IDP project actually provided a new idea of sharing digital data with international partners to China and then proposed the concept of digital repatriation to China. And we have already discussed a lot of advantages but according to my field work in China there are still a lot of worries and disputes exist. I summarized two main questions. The first one is the digital manuscripts is not real manuscripts and the second question is the ownership belongs to whom? Well to answer the first question I want to classify the digital object and the real object. Well it is not to propose that a digital object can or ought to replace the physical object but simply that the two do different things and therefore complement each other. So I do acknowledge the cultural significance and the value of the real object of course but digital object also have its own cultural and educational significance and in specific context and it is the reproduction of the real project. And to answer the second question about the ownership as the organizer the IDP and the British Library actually provide us a great example. The British Library provide technology support and the separate internet servers to the IDP local branches and images was scanned uploaded by the local branches themselves and cannot be modified by the other participants which largely reduce the worries from Chinese scholars and the ownership of these digital copies belong to IDP local branches themselves and it also helps to bounded all the international participants and reduce their worries. So to summary for the short term advantages such international digitization project is much easier to achieve than physical repatriation and have much more potentialality to instill more digital repatriation cases in China and for the long-term benefits IDP actually help constructing a compromised win-win relationship and then move the issue of physical repatriation forward and I mentioned the concept here a compromised win-win relationship. I acknowledge that digital repatriation is sort of compromise approach in order to gain win-win in current situation in the context of China and compromise has been already started in politics, international relations and business but when you think about compromise you probably will think it is just tolerance and escape or surrender or call it this but for me I think being sensible compromise is worth to study and what win-win means because in this world giving and receiving are not just really mono-directional or online and have to be thought of as reciprocal and cyclical ongoing processes and win-win here means each participant gain something rather than nothing and it refers to a dynamic that balance of loss and gain among each party through international cooperation and the communication and this balance actually constantly changes and progresses through these discourses and the negotiations which means it's quite a free-dial relationship. It could be impacted by the free-dial international relations or even the government attitude and to maintain this balance members should keep tight communication and collaboration and then reach the acceptable result and the reciprocities on the basis of equality. So in short there are four key words that could help building the win-win relationship which is equal balance, negotiation and reciprocity. Well equal is the basis of this compromise win-win situation. Every member should be put into this equal situation in the power structure so that members voice can be listened finally and loudly and other members can think their voice carefully. Well balance actually is the characteristics of this compromise win-win relationship and it requires the mutual adjustment of interest. Well actually the idea of balance came from the one of the most important Asian ethical branches in China from the Confucianism. In Chinese it's He which means harmonious in English. Well harmonious means we act things our behavior should not go straight extremely. We should stand in the middle understanding the neutral position and do everything balanced. Well negotiation here actually is the approach to get this balance and win-win should be a long lasting and ongoing situation that requires common effort and get mutual development. Well during more and more negotiation actually Chinese scholars tend to self-reflection their past and they have to reconsider their past wrongs because Chinese scholars tend to realize that the Chinese government actually did something wrong in the past and this self-reflectivities actually could bring more opportunities for Chinese and other participants to build mutual trust and respect for further collaboration. Well then the last is the result of this compromise win-win is the reciprocity. So it is optimistic that some Chinese scholars nowadays began to accept and understand the advantages of ADP and although problems still exist for further discussion but learning from international Dunhuang project it is a realistic but potential mode for digital repatriation. It changes our mind of repatriation from simple digitization to the digital repatriation and from mutual hatred to mutual trust and the respect and understanding and from isolation to collaboration. So indeed from my perspective I think digital repatriation is not alternative of physical repatriation by the very beginning of it and IDP provides a win-win mode from digitization to digital repatriation which could help to move the issue of repatriation forward in the context of China. Thank you.