 Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Iyer's Academy for the date 5th of June 2020. The list of news articles taken up for today's analysis is displayed here along with the page numbers of five different editions. We hand it to notes in PDF format and the time stamping of all the news articles taken up for today's discussion is given in the description section as well as in the comment section in the best interest of the viewers. Let us now begin our analysis. Now let us see two news articles which mention about two law officers in India. This first news article mentions about the attorney general of India. See a petition was filed in the Supreme Court by the owners of small commercial establishments, industries, shops and factories challenging the legality of the notification issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs. See this notification mandates the employers to pay full wages to their workers during the entire period of lockdown. For that the Supreme Court has asked the government not to take any coercive action against the employers were unable to pay the full wages to their workers during the lockdown period and even the Supreme Court has questioned the government's authority to compel the private players to pay full wages to their workers. So on behalf of the government, the Attorney General of India has said that the government's notification operated only for 54 days to mitigate the financial hardships of crores of workers and employees and now the notification was no longer operational as most workers had already returned to their villages. So this news article mentions about the Attorney General of India. Now if you look at this news article, the Reserve Bank of India announced a regulatory package on COVID-19 to all commercial banks, cooperative banks, financial institutions and non-megging financial institutions on 27th of March. As per this regulatory package, all the institutions have been asked to grant three months moratorium on the payment of installments under all term loans outstanding as of 1st of March 2020. And if you see recently the Reserve Bank of India again extended the moratorium for three more months till the 31st of August 2020. See just have an idea about moratorium here. It refers to the period of time during which a person does not need to pay the installments or interest on the loan taken. Usually such breaks are offered to help individuals who are facing temporary financial difficulties to plan their finances better. So a petition was filed in the Supreme Court questioning the nature of repayment of all those interest payments that are not paid during the moratorium period once the lockdown was revoked. For that the Solicitor General sought time to consult with the Finance Ministry. So this news article mentions about the Solicitor General. He is also a law officer in India. So in the context of both these news articles now let us look at the Attorney General of India and the Solicitor General of India from exam perspective. First let us start with Attorney General of India. See under part five of Indian Constitution chapter one we have the executives, the President, the Vice President, Council of Ministers and the Attorney General of India. So Attorney General of India is a part of the executive. Article number 76 provides for the Office of the Attorney General of India. He is the highest law officer in India and know that as per this article is appointed by the President, the person who is qualified to be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court shall be appointed as the Attorney General of India by the President. This is as per article 76 clause one of Indian Constitution. Next, know that the term of Office of the Attorney General of India is not fixed by the Constitution and also if you see the Constitution does not contain the procedure and grounds for his or her removal. As per article 76, clause four, the Attorney General of India holds office during the pleasure of the President. This means that he may be removed by the President at any point of time. The Attorney General may also quit by submitting his resignation to the President. Conventionally, if you see the Attorney General resigns when the government resigns or when the government is replaced since he is appointed on the advice of the government. Next, know that the remuneration of the Attorney General of India is also not fixed by the Constitution. He receives the remuneration as determined by the President. So with regards to the remuneration, we have the law officer Conditions of Service Rules of 1987 which determines the term of office and which also determines the remuneration for the Attorney General of India. So remember, it is not fixed by the Constitution. Now, let us look at the functions of the Attorney General of India. See, is the Chief Law Officer of the Government of India and these are the duties of the Attorney General to give advice to the government upon legal matters that are referred to him by the President and the Attorney General shall perform such other duties of legal character that are assigned to him by the President and the Attorney General shall also discharge the functions that are conferred on him by the Constitution or by any other law. So the President has assigned the following duties to the Attorney General to appear on behalf of the Government of India in all cases in the Supreme Court in which the Government of India is concerned. Then the Attorney General also shall represent the Government of India in any reference made by the President to the Supreme Court under Article 143 of Indian Constitution. And then the Attorney General shall also appear when required by the Government of India in any high court in any case in which the Government of India is concerned. So these are the duties that are assigned to the Attorney General of India by the President. Next, let us see what are the rights that the Attorney General of India enjoys. See, the Attorney General of India has the right of audience in all the courts in the territory of India to perform his official duties. This is given as per Article 76, Clause 3 of Indian Constitution. Next, if you see the Attorney General has the right to speak and to take part in the proceedings of both the Houses of Parliament or in their joint sitting or in any other committee of the Parliament of which he may be named as a member but know that he will not have the right to vote. And this is given as per Article 88 of Indian Constitution. Next, if you see the Attorney General enjoys all the privileges and immunities that are available to a member of the Parliament, this is given as per Article 105. So these are the rights which the Attorney General of India enjoys. Next, let us see what are the limitations that are placed on the Attorney General. See, in order to avoid any complication and conflict of duty, the Attorney General shall not advise or hold a brief against the Government of India because he is the law officer who is working for the Government of India so he cannot advise or hold a brief against the Government of India. And also know that he should not advise or hold a brief in cases in which he is called upon to advise or appear for the Government of India. Next, know that the Attorney General shall not defend the accused persons in criminal prosecutions without the permission of the Government of India. Next, if you see he should not accept appointment as a director in any company or corporation without the permission of the Government of India. Here, one thing which you need to note is that he is not a full-time counsel of the Government. As per the law officer conditions of service rules of 1987, the Attorney General shall make himself available for duties whenever required by the Government of India. So remember this fact and one more thing which you need to know is that the Attorney General is not debat from private legal practice. So he can take part in private legal practice with the permission from the Government of India and he can appear in those cases where he will not advise or hold a brief against the Government of India. So he is not debat from private legal practice. If you remember in 2015 there was a controversy when the then Attorney General of India, Mukul Rohatki argued before the Supreme Court in a private case and that was a controversy during 2015. Next note that the Attorney General of India is not a member of the central cabinet. There is a separate law minister in the central cabinet to look after legal matters at the Government level. So these are some of the facts that you need to know about the Attorney General of India. Now let us look at the second law officer, the Solicitor General of India. See in addition to Attorney General, there are other law officers of the Government of India. One is the Solicitor General of India and the next one is the Solicitor General of India. See both these officers assist the Attorney General of India in fulfilment of his or her official responsibilities. And it should be noted that only the Office of Attorney General is created by the Constitution. In other words, the Constitution does not mention about the Solicitor General and additional Solicitor General. Note that the remuneration, duties and other terms and conditions of the Solicitor General of India and the additional Solicitor General of India is provided in the law officer conditions of service rules of 1987. Because the persons who are appointed to both these officers are also law officers as per these 1987 law officer condition of service rules. So these are the points that you need to know about the Attorney General of India and then about the additional Solicitor General of India from exam perspective. One thing which you need to remember is only the Attorney General for India is mentioned in the Constitution. This is all about the analysis of both these news articles. From both these news articles, we have seen two law officers, one the Attorney General and then the Solicitor General. See, there was a mains question on the Attorney General in 2019 mains in your General Studies paper too. The Attorney General is the Chief Legal Advisor and Lawyer of the Government of India Discuss. So you can always expect a question in UPSC mains on the Constitutional Posts or on the Constitutional Bodies like Election Commission or Finance Commission. They are always evergreen topics. So try to know all the aspects when it comes to Constitutional Posts and Constitutional Bodies. You can either expect a question in mains or even in prelims. Now have a look at this practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. Now let us look at this editorial which is about US-China relations. This editorial assumes significance because it has been written by the former Foreign Secretary of India who is also a former ambassador to China. So let us see some of the important points that is mentioned in this editorial. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this editorial is given here for your reference. See, there are recent tensions between US and China which are likely to sharpen or enhance in the post-COVID-19 world because even if you see before COVID-19 outbreak, there was trade war happening between US and China. And now recently many announcements have been made by US administration with regards to China. First, threatening to revoke Hong Kong's special trade status under a 1992 US law that allows for easier travel and trade between USA and Hong Kong. Here USA states that Hong Kong city is no more sufficiently autonomous under this 1992 law. Why? Because we know that recently China's legislature approved a draft legislation regarding the national security on Hong Kong. This draft legislation supposedly curtails the freedom of speech and it also undermines Hong Kong's independent judiciary. So USA has threatened to revoke the special trade status given to Hong Kong. Secondly, USA has planned to cancel the visas of thousands of Chinese graduates and researchers in USA who have direct ties to universities that are affiliated with the People's Liberation Army of China. Secondly, the United States President has ordered financial regulators to closely examine the Chinese firms that are listed in US stock markets because the Chinese companies do not comply with the investor protections that apply to all companies that are listed on US stock exchanges. So the US President has warned that those companies that do not comply with US law could be delisted from the stock exchanges. So these are some of the recent announcements made by US regarding China. In this background, the author of this editorial tries to explain that the US-China relations were not previously this much hostile or conflicting. So here the author has spoken a brief history about US-China relations. Firstly, the author has explained how USA was a partner in crime in China's rise. See, when Chinese communists seized power in China under Mozilla, USA hoped to cohabit with People's Republic of China in a world under US hegemony or US leadership. So many US presidents supported China's rise. If you see, President Richard Nixon gave China an international acceptability by visiting China in 1972. And this is cited as an important twist in US international politics. Then if you see President Jimmy Carter terminated the diplomatic relations with Taiwan in order to normalize the relations with China in the year 1978. Then if you see, after the Tiananmen massacre of China in 1989, President George Bush gave soft treatment to China for a temporary geopolitical gain. He vetoed the bills that aimed at rejecting or conditioning the annual extension of China's most favored nation trading status. After this 1989 Tiananmen massacre. Next came President Bill Clinton. He also supported China. In fact, if you see he supported China for its membership at World Trade Organization. Here the background is that an agreement was signed by United States to bring China into World Trade Organization. On terms that it will open China's market to American products and investments. So the idea was when China concludes similar such agreements with other countries, it will automatically join World Trade Organization. So President Bill Clinton supported China for its membership at World Trade Organization. So we can see that almost all American administrations since the 1960s have been partner in crime. That is complicit in China's rise with the hope that China will become a responsible stakeholder under PACS Americana. That is under a state of relative international peace overseen by the US. But we all know this hope is not realized. Here the author is of the opinion that China had been disguising its real purpose since the beginning. Which is preventing US hegemony. That is US leadership. Here the author notes that every Chinese leader had a shrewd understanding that USA represents an existential threat to the continued supremacy of communist regime. Because if you see China, Russia were all communist regimes. And the western countries had democratic ideas. So all the Chinese leaders had a very wrong opinion that USA was a threat to their communist regime. And this view was strengthened by the collapse of Soviet Union in the year 1991. Because at that point of time USSR was the only major power against USA. So China resolved to resist USA by creating its own parallel universe. That is for example building an alternate trading system through the Belt and Road Initiative. Or be it through introducing a multilateral banking system under its control like Asian infrastructure, investment bank, then new development bank etc. Then having its own global positioning system, digital payment platforms, digital networks etc. So the author tells that China is creating its own parallel universe. Next the author supports US administration in a way. Because the present US administration has finally realized that China is not fond of USA's hegemony. That is why the current US administration is criticizing many moves of China. And for the first time in its 2017 national security strategy document, USA disclosed that China along with Russia is challenged to American power its influence and interests. So the author of this editorial justifies USA's recent announcements by saying that it is only the beginning of a serious readjustment from the side of USA. Because initially USA believed that cohabitation that is collaboration with China was possible. But now it has realized it is no more a possibility. But here if you see the scholars across the world have another thought. That is the economies of China and USA are interdependent from farm to factory. Because if you see USA is almost dependent on its supply chains in China. And China is an export-led economy now and its largest customers are Americans. So both the countries are aware that their economies are tied together. So how they will come out of this is a big question mark. So that is why the author mentions in this editorial that it is yet to be determined. And finally the author discusses about USA's interference in Hong Kong issue. He tells that it adds a new domain of rivalry between China and USA. Because if you see so far whatever disputes that happened before COVID-19 and those disputes that are happening now were mostly in material realm. That is surrounding economy, security etc. But now the interference has started creating rivalry in ideological domain. As we saw earlier communist ideology versus democratic ideals and capitalism. Here you should know that Hong Kong is important to USA as it is seen as the torch-better of western democratic ideals and capitalism. But we can see that China is trying to suppress it. So this new rivalry in ideological domain has bothered many stakeholders across the world. And the author is of the opinion that a new Cold War is building. He tells that the birth of a new Cold War depends on who wins the US presidential elections. That is to happen in November 2020 and it also depends on how skillfully China manipulates global public opinion. So the author tells that the lines are beginning to be drawn between the Americans on the one side and the Chinese on the other side. The author concludes this editorial by telling that India will either support USA or China. He mentions the word binary choice that is either USA or China. So whatever decision that India is going to take will test India's capacity to maintain its strategic and decisional autonomy. So this is in brief about the discussion of this editorial. This editorial will now give you an idea about the brief history of US-China relations since 1960s. And the recent events which has made the author question that if there is going to be a new Cold War. So in this editorial you can see that the author has quoted the historical events that has led USA to its present rivalry with China. Now if you look at this editorial this accuses the United States President. It tells that because the elections are nearing the present United States President Donald Trump is desperately looking for an enemy. Because if you see America has been completely devastated by this COVID-19 pandemic and also its economy is not performing better. So this editorial tells that America is desperately looking for an enemy and the enemy here is China. So it tells that the tensions with China are expected to increase in the coming months that is skyrocket in the coming months. So this editorial stresses that US and China must rebuild their mutual trust in order to avoid a new kind of Cold War. So these are some of the important points from this editorial that you need to know. See from a single editorial you cannot get all the points that you require for a UPSC mains question. Both these editorials are the best example because it gives two different views to a common event which the world anticipates that is the new Cold War. One editorial has taken a historical approach of the relations between US and China whereas the other editorial has taken a different approach. But it tells that the present US government under Donald Trump is acting against China for its political gains. So editorials will give you different thought processes, different angles, different approaches about a particular issue. So try to take only the key points from the editorials and make relevant use of them in your mains answers. Now have a look at this practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This question has been framed based on this news article which talks about tulip scheme. So let us see about the scheme in brief before answering the question. Tulip stands for the Urban Learning Internship Program. It is a program for providing internship opportunities to fresh graduates in all the urban local bodies and smart cities across the country. It is a dedicated window to internship opportunities in urban local bodies and smart cities. See this platform will aggregate the opportunities that is the employment opportunities from across India for the graduates on a single platform. And it will allow them to apply for internships in the domain of urban governance. So this internship will focus only on urban governance. See as of now internships under tulip are open to Indian citizens only and the Indian citizens can apply within 18 months from graduating under this program. Coming to stipend it is left to the urban local bodies and the smart cities to offer stipend or not for the internship that is being offered. Here just have an idea that tulip has been conceived according to the announcements made by the government in the union budget 2020 2021 as you can see here. See India is going to have the largest working-edge population in the world in the coming years. So programs like tulip will help reap the benefits of India's demographic dividend. And know that this program is being implemented through a partnership between the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs and all India Council for Technical Education. So this is in brief about this tulip scheme. So in nutshell this scheme is an internship scheme in the domain of urban governance. It will provide internship opportunities to fresh graduates in all urban local bodies and smart cities. And know that it does not cover rural local bodies. With this information you can answer the question here. The correct answer is option A. Now let us move on to the next news article. This question is based on this news article which tells that India has pledged 15 million dollars to a vaccine alliance. The vaccine alliance mentioned in this news article is GAVI. So what is this GAVI? It is a global alliance for vaccines and immunization. It was started as an international alliance in the year 2000. The goal is to improve access to new and underused vaccines for children who are living in the world's poorest countries. So this vaccine alliance takes the cost burden in ensuring the access of vaccines to the children in disadvantaged circumstances. So the mission of this GAVI vaccine alliance is to save children's lives and protect people's health by increasing access to immunization in poor countries. The founding partners of this vaccine alliance are the World Health Organization, UNICEF, then the World Bank Group and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. These founding partners are also the core partners of this vaccine alliance. They play a critical role in strengthening the primary healthcare across the world. Also know that GAVI vaccine alliance works with donors including sovereign governments, private sector foundations and corporate partners, NGOs, advocacy groups, faith-based organizations, academia, then vaccine manufacturers, research and technical health institutes and even with the developing country governments like India. So you can see that it is a public-private partnership. Now the news is that the Prime Minister of India has said that GAVI is a symbol of international solidarity during this address at the Virtual Global Vaccine Summit. Also the Prime Minister said that India contributes to the immunization of about 60% of the world's children. If you look at this news article, the Prime Minister has also said that the vaccine supply chain had been digitized and an electronic intelligence network has been developed in India to monitor the integrity of the cold chain. So in this context you need to know about the electronic vaccine intelligence network that is set up in India in short it is called as EVIN. See this EVIN digitizes vaccine stocks and monitors the temperature of the cold chain through a smartphone application and know that it is an indigenously developed technology system. This vaccine intelligence network aims to support the government of India's universal immunization program. It provides real-time information on vaccine stocks and vaccine flows and its storage temperatures across all cold chain points. Know that it is implemented by the United Nations Development Program and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. So whenever you study about GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance, also know about this electronic vaccine intelligence network that is running in India. With this information, let us look at this question. It is a two-statement question and you need to choose those statement or statements which are correct. Look at the first statement. It tells that GAVI the Vaccine Alliance is an intergovernmental organization to ensure adequate supply of vaccines. This statement is incorrect because we saw that it is a public-private partnership. It is not an intergovernmental organization. Now look at the second statement. It tells that their goal is to improve access to new and underused vaccines for children who are living in the world's poorest countries. Yes, this statement is correct. So the correct answer to this question is option B2 only. So whenever you are studying about such alliances or any multilateral grouping with an uncommon name, try to know if it is an intergovernmental organization or an intergovernmental partnership or it is a public-private partnership. So you need to have such clarity when you are appearing for the exam. Now let us move on to the next news article. Now let us look at this question which is framed based on this news article. This news article mentions that the lockdown has a positive impact on the coastal ecosystems of the Gulf of Manar. It is based on the findings by a private marine research institute. The findings reveal that there is a remarkable average reduction in the macro and mesoplastic pollution in this Gulf of Manar. It is because limited industrial activities and human interference has reduced levels of pollution and this in turn has increased the number of fish species, especially the coral reef fish. And it has also reported that the fish density has increased. So overall the quality of marine water has improved. Now what you need to know from exam perspective is about the kind of habitats in this Gulf of Manar and about the status accorded by various international organizations for this Gulf of Manar. See this Gulf of Manar region was designated as Gulf of Manar National Park in the year 1986. It was declared as the first marine biosphere reserve of India by the government of India in the year 1989. And know that Gulf of Manar is the first marine biosphere reserve in the south and southeast Asia because in 2001 it was designated as Biosphere Reserve under World Network of Biosphere Reserves of the Man and Biosphere Program of UNESCO. See this Gulf of Manar runs down south from Rameshwaram to Kanyakumari in the state of Tamil Nadu as you can see in this map. It encompasses a chain of around 21 islands with continuous stretches of coral reef. Know that it is the biologically richest coastal region in India. Now why we tell it is biologically richest is because you can find coral reefs, you can find seagrasses, you can even find mangroves in this region. It is one of the important coral reef system supporting region in India. And also if you see it is the only ecosystem in India where all five sea turtle species have been reported. In this loggerhead turtle occurrence was recorded but no nesting has been observed so far. And you can also find dugongs in this Gulf of Manar region. Then it also supports several other globally important species. It also supports several endemic species of Balanoglossus which is a worm-like protocordate organism such as ticotera fluva. So you can find that it is biologically richest coastal region in India. Now these are the primary threats that affect the biodiversity of this region. So this is in brief about this Gulf of Manar Biosphere Reserve. Now with this information in mind let us look at this question. It is a three statement question and you need to choose those statement or statements which are correct. Here all the three statements are correct. It is the first marine biosphere reserve of India. It is endowed with three distinct coastal ecosystems named the coral reef, sea grass bed and mangroves. And it is the only ecosystem where all the five sea turtle species found in India have been reported. Now let us move on to the next news article. Now let us look at this question on India-Australia bilateral relations which has been framed based on this news article. See this news article tells that India and Australia have raised their relationship to a comprehensive strategic partnership. See it was a bilateral strategic partnership since 2009 and now the status has been elevated to a comprehensive strategic partnership. And this is based on a mutual understanding, trust, common interests and the shared values of democracy and rule of law between India and Australia. So both these countries are expected to work in many areas of common interest. A virtual summit between the two prime ministers was held and as a part of this summit nine agreements including a mutual logistics support agreement were concluded in this virtual summit. And also a joint declaration on the shared vision for maritime cooperation in the Indo-Pacific for free, open, inclusive and rules-based cooperation was also issued. But if you see during this virtual summit both the leaders did not discuss about Malabar grouping or quadrilateral maritime exercises. For both these countries a free open Indo-Pacific is of their interest. So in this context let us discuss about Malabar exercise and quad grouping. See Malabar exercise was started as a bilateral exercise between the navies of India and the United States in the year 1992. And then if you see Japan joined as a permanent partner in this Malabar exercise. So as of now it is a trilateral naval exercise between India, USA and Japan. And Australia is not a part of this Malabar exercise. But if you see Australia has been pushing India to join Malabar exercise. But India has been refusing its admission because of Chinese concerns with respect to this exercise. Now imagine if Australia has joined this Malabar exercise. Then how would China think about it? It will think it as an encirclement of China or some kind of reverse string of pearls concept with respect to China. That is why China does not want Australia to be a part of Malabar exercise. Here just have an idea that India and Australia conducts bilateral naval exercise separately. In April 2019 OS index which is a two week naval exercise between India and Australia was conducted. So this is in brief about the Malabar exercise. Now let us look at quad which is the acronym for quadrilateral security dialogue. Know that it is an informal grouping between four countries which are India, Australia, Japan and USA. So from this you can tell that India, Japan and USA are a part of both Malabar exercise as well as quad. Now coming back to quad, the first quad meeting happened in the year 2007. But the next meeting happened only in the year 2017. And know that the quad meetings take place only at the level of senior officers of these four countries. Not at the level of ministers or at the heads of the state. So a joint statement or a ministerial level engagement will make this quad a dialogue of huge international significance. And this quad grouping is seen as a regional counterweight to China and to counterbalance rising China's influence in the Indo-Pacific region. So it is in this context both India and Australia have signed a joint declaration for a shared vision on maritime cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. But it is interesting that they have not discussed about Malabar grouping and quadrilateral maritime exercises. So this is the brief background of this news article from which you need to know about Malabar exercise and quad from exam point of view. Now this question has been framed based on both these exercises. The question is which of the following statements with respect to India-Australia bilateral relationship is incorrect. Two statements are given and you need to choose the statement or statements that are incorrect. Look at the first statement. It tells that both the countries are part of the quad and informal grouping which is seen as a regional counterbalance to China's influence in Indo-Pacific. Yes, this statement is correct. Both the countries are part of the quad. Now look at the second statement. It tells that the Malabar naval exercise is a two-week naval exercise between the navies of the two countries. This statement is incorrect because Malabar exercise happens between India, USA and Japan. It is Aus index that happens between India and Australia. So here the second statement is incorrect. Now you need to choose those statement or statements which are incorrect. The correct answer here is option B2 only. Now let us move on to the next news article. This question is about consumer confidence survey which has been framed based on this news article. The question is consumer confidence survey, a quarterly publication on the perceptions and expectations, on general economic situation, employment scenario, overall price situation and own income and spending is released by which of the following? Here the correct answer is option A, Reserve Bank of India. It is the Reserve Bank of India which releases consumer confidence survey on a quarterly basis. That is once in every three months. And this is the intention behind this survey. As a part of this survey, two indices are calculated as you can see in this picture. One is the current situation index and the second is future expectations index. So a set of population will be interviewed about what is their perception on the current economic situation in India and how they expect it to be in the future. Their perception and expectation will be captured for five indicators which are economic situation, employment, price level, income and spending. And the current situations index and the future expectations index are compiled on the basis of net responses of these five indicators. So the current situation index will be for the current period and the future expectation index will be for a year ahead. So the formula for arriving at this index is 100 plus average of net responses of these five indicators. So 100 is the dividing line as you can see in this picture. Any score above 100 is the zone of optimism and any score below 100 is the zone of pessimism. Optimism means people are hopeful that the economy is running good and pessimism means people are not hopeful. They are feared that something versus happening in the economy. Now if you look at this news article, consumer confidence has collapsed in May 2020. The current situation index has touched a historic low of 63.7 and even the future expectation index has recorded a sharp fall. It has entered for the first time into the zone of pessimism in the past five years as you can see in this picture. So overall you can see that there is less consumer confidence on how the economy is running. This is in brief about this news article. So the correct answer here is option A, Reserve Bank of India. Now let us move on to the next news article. Now let us look at this news article in brief. This news article discusses about a report that has been released by the Centre for Science and Environment. Know that it is a research and advocacy organization that is based at New Delhi and most of you might know this environment magazine Down to Earth. This magazine is released by this organization. Now this organization has released a report, State of India's Environment in Figures 2020. So this report presents data on forests, water, waste, air, land, wildlife, other natural resources and most importantly about displacements that have been caused by disasters across the world. So from this news article, know who releases this report and try to know two or three important points that I mentioned in this news article which will be helpful for you as statistics in any of your main answers relating to environment. Now this report tells that there were more than 50 lakh internal displacements in India. It is the highest in the world. Here displacements means not 50 lakh people but 50 lakh number of movements. Next if you see, it has presented the reasons why the displacements have occurred due to cyclones, due to flooding, due to drought and even for work. Then this report also tells that the forest cover has shrunk and it also tells that 5 out of 21 river basins are in a state of absolute water scarcity. So these are some of the important points from this report that is mentioned in this news article. Now let us look at the practice questions for the day. Now look at this question. It is a three statement question and you need to choose those statements or statements that are incorrect. Look at the first statement. It tells that article 76 of the Indian constitution provides for the office of attorney general and solicitor general for India. This statement is incorrect because during our discussion we saw that only attorney general is mentioned in the Indian constitution not the solicitor general of India. So if the first statement is incorrect you can easily arrive at the answer which is option C 1 and 2 which makes a second statement and incorrect statement as well. The attorney general is not debat from private legal practice as we saw during our discussion. So remember this fact. The third statement is a correct statement. So the correct answer here is option C 1 and 2. Now look at this main question. In what ways would the ongoing US-China tensions affect the national interest of India? How should India respond to this situation? Answer this question in 250 words. It is a 15 mark question. Post your answers in the comment section. We will review and give suitable feedbacks and suggestions within a reasonable timeframe. With this we come to the end of the analysis of all the news articles taken up for today's discussion and also the practice questions discussion session. 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