 I heard some challenges in that first panel discussion, some challenges to the private sector so it's good timing that we have that panel coming up right now. And this panel is chaired by Shane Cochlan and Shane is one of those people I mentioned in the beginning, one of those people that you can't stop from collaborating and innovating. Shane. Thank you indeed. So I'd just like to invite my panelists to take the stage here if you could take a seat and we will shortly begin the second panel. So ladies and gentlemen today we're going to be talking about what does open innovation mean for the European ICT market obviously a small and easy-to-answer question. When we say open innovation for the context of this panel what we mean is the big umbrella term. We want something that covers open source, open standards, open access, open data. We're going to do a lightning tour of the topics here. On the panel today we have some great thinkers that will help give us the big picture all the way down to specifics. Hello. So just introducing people in the order in which I will ask them to speak. We have Keith Bergolt, the CEO of Open Invention Network here talking about innovation in IPR, the big picture of how do you innovate around intellectual property. We are going to then hear from Mike Bohannon from Red Hat talking about cloud and innovation. Then we're going to hear from Dr. Mathias Kaiserworth talking from IBM Research about four technologies that will change the world. And finally on specifics Thomas Eulen talking from my SQL's perspective and open source success story. To kick it off because time is quite limited let's do the big picture of open innovation. We're going to get Keith Bergolt to take the stage for a few minutes to give us a few words on how you do open innovation in intellectual property management. Assuming the slides will work. Okay while the slides are put up I'm just going to let you know that after everyone talks we're going to take questions. Thanks very much and thanks to Shane and thanks to Graham for the kind invitation. It's a pleasure to be here with you. Eight years ago IBM in combination with Red Hat, Novel, Sony, NEC and Phillips had the awareness that we were witnessing something quite significant. It was actually probably dates back to 99 that IBM made its first billion dollar investment in Linux that their awareness actually came to the fore. But I think what they recognized together is that we were witnessing a phase shift in the way that we collaborate and compete among companies and across economies. And we had a kind of a unique situation that that presented itself with the first major effect from litigation, the Skoll litigation from the early part of the last decade actually provided a wake up call to these companies recognizing that because there was no one company that represented Linux and that open source was such a powerful dynamic that was changing the way we actually created value in the new economy. They also I think explicitly understood that it's a social phenomenon and the prior panel I think this was reinforced is that open source is about a social phenomenon collaborating together and cross-organizatially and cross-culturally. And once you actually let the genie out of the bottle and you move away from the 1960s almost inhumane approach that we had which was which discouraged coordination and any discussion among competitive companies for fear that there'd be a Justice Department suit for undue collaboration and unfairness to ultimately the pricing and availability for customers. And so we moved away completely and now we're in a realm where the opportunities to collaborate are so significant that we're creating a dynamic which is threatening to those companies that don't support openness and collaboration. So what I'll talk to you about is how OIN was developed and how it actually serves to be able to support and enable and steward openness and and basically choice for customer suppliers, vendors and partners. OIN is essentially a model that was developed as I said eight years ago by companies that recognize that SCO and similar lawsuits could be used by companies who are antagonistic to Linux and open source because of their commitment or belief that that incremental innovation was good enough and their comfort level with monopolistic and duopolistic environments. We now moved to an environment 10 years ago, 12 years ago, actually 20 years ago with the advent of Linux where we started to see that something was changing and that's something was that that we were now moving toward and toward an environment where we were creating at a more virulent level than we'd ever had we ever had in the past. What OIN does is essentially acquire patents and make them available on a royalty free basis. What we're looking to do is create a patent no fly zone around Linux and open source and give people choice. And if the choices for an open source and a Linux based project and products that come from that, that's great. If the choices for proprietary platform then so be it. We think that the ability to distill the collective intelligence of literally thousands of people, hundreds of thousands of people that are active in projects around the world actually will provide a difficult path for companies who are closed to actually compete with. So what OIN does is acquire patents. We also invent, we participate in something called directed invention activities. We have over 600 patents and applications globally over 400 US patents and applications. We invent 40 to 50 patents a year. That's what we file. We've also introduced taken a page out of IBM's history back dating back to the early 70s by producing defensive publications. This is an incredibly diverse and sometimes paranoid community that I represent as a constituency. And that constituency needs a vehicle to be able to codify what it's invented. The creativeness of the first 15 years of Linux where most of the developers actually were outside of large companies was lost in terms of prior art because we have lots of code but it's not searchable as an effective form of prior art right now. That's something that some companies are working on but not materialized as yet. So as a result for the future we're encouraging the use of defensive publications. We're essentially our claimless patents that allow statements of prior art to be out there so that if we had done this from the 1990s we would have tens of thousands of statements of prior art that would help with the quality issue that we have in the patent system helping raise the bar on what is in fact patentable and what is in fact worthy of being a patent. So that's one program we're working on. We're talking to companies and working with them to implement defensive publication programs. We create a cross licensing commitment around our portfolio so that if you take a license to OIN for free you have two obligations that are elements of consideration. One is that you agree to cross license your patents that read on the Linux system definition. The other is that you agree to forebear litigation against in Linux related areas. So really OIN is a series of industrial companies that had the foresight to put tens of millions of dollars into a fund and they get nothing unique out of it. They sign the same license that every ordinary individual company or individual that approaches a science. So there's probably no precedent in technology for OIN's existence. But because of this phase shift that we're at in society in terms of moving from closed and partially open to fully open we've changed that. It's almost required that something like this would be created to really be the patent conscience and the patent guardian, the guardian of patent freedom for the open source community. So we've also developed programs. We've utilized peer to patent as a model to be able to help identify prior art on published applications so that they