 So welcome to the orientation session of public administration optional. All of our all of you Shankar students. Anybody from outside Shankar? All of you are Julie. You're from our session. August. Okay. Julie. I'm sorry Julie. All of our others are all me batch. All of you. Julie batch. All right. So I will decided that you're going to take public administration or you're still thinking about public administration. You're still thinking. Right. So what are the other options you're considering? Sociality. Then literature. Your background is in literature. Okay. Psychology. Agriculture. Then literature. History. Then other options. Anthropology. PSIR. So my question is will this be first I'll deal. So again, I hope you know this place or which is this place. Yes. This is the place you will be going. Once you clear the exam, it is called LALBAHEZO Shastri National Academy of Administration. You can watch a lot of YouTube videos. It will keep you motivated. All the beautiful things they do there. You can watch and get motivated. What is this? You know how to read in the. This is the mouth of La Basana. What does it mean? Shilam Parampushanam. Again, don't blame me for putting Hindi tag here. This is kept by them only. Character is the biggest virtue. This is the meaning again. Just to show and you know, start public administration because you're going to learn public administration here also. Because ultimately you're all going to be. Not going to be administrators. Like you're all studying to be administrator. You're aspiring to be administrators. So what we will do quickly before going to public administration. I'll show you all the options. Right? And they tell you how to pick an optional. Right? Very quickly we'll do this. How to pick an optional. Then I'll tell you the good and bad or why Babad is a good optional. What all we'll be discussing in public administration. The content of Babad as an optional. We'll discuss. Right? Now, how do we pick optional? Or before going to the lower like. Before going to this. When we decide an optional. How will we be? How are you all decided an optional? What are the logic? Huh? I'm going to take it. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. So again as bureau class future bureau class your decision should not be based on great, why does Sh hated in the market you should have some identify information before you pick the last night. This is the first thing I have to tell so open mind toward law often I will never play Shabad. The greatest option in the world free state Babad. I will never say this if you haven't the nation towards Babad and you feel like, you can't be vàoes ultimate goal of starting an optional. you have to clear this exam ok. If you want to do a PST in public administration go to a university get enrolled and we are not here to go understand everything public administration and know be a PST all these things know. Our only goal is clearing the exam very short it is specific target. So, whichever optional you feel that we help you in clearing the exam one thing, second you should have an inclination towards the optional second thing right. So, I come to this point a little later also before that what is the importance of this optional subject in general right. So, you know the weightage of GS mark right how what is the weightage of GS mark right how much what is the total of GS mark GS. Sir paper is how many GS papers how many GS papers you know know 4 GS papers how many optional papers one optional subject 2 optional papers SA this is what is grounded. Generally total marks of the written names is written names is 1750 right out of 1750 1000 is GS mark 500 is optional mark 250 is SA mark where can you score the highest mark out of this 1000 GS mark what is the highest generally we get what is the expected range out of 1000 1000 out of 1000 how is this out of this 1000 come we have 4 GS papers of 250 marks that is how 1000 come right 4 GS 1 2 3 4 so that is how 1000 comes and how what is the maximum marks you can expect out of this 1000 1000 800 900 90% would have all passed your 1010 values in 90% of 90% 80% 99.9% UPSC what score you can expect in GS the top of marks lies between 4 say 4 20 to 500 500 is an extreme possibility I think I will show you that last 5 6 years top of mark only Shruthi Sharma scored 490 out of 1000 all the other there is a top or was called even 420 in his GS papers right 420 so this GS paper pushing the mark beyond the limit is a little difficult task right you can score 420 450 490 the possibility of pushing it beyond 500 is very difficult whereas in optional out of 1000 out of 500 that means here the maximum mark you can expect is somewhere around 50% in what is what in the case of optional what is the maximum mark you can expect current range current range you can hit up to 300 300 that means approximately up to 60% marks you can score in the optional subject so optional there is a high chance you can score more right two optional papers 150 sorry 250 people score 150 plus in both optional right whereas in GS out of 250 what is considered as a good score GS what is a good score 100 100 to 125 is the maximum marks in GS right 125 is an extreme high mark generally 100 110 are all good marks right so there is an unpredictability in the GS mark that is one issue so you have to consider optional with utmost importance that is one point second point interview marks also is unpredictable there are interview there are candidates who have scored only 150 in the interview rank one I am telling I am taking only rank one they became rank one because of their optional marks right especially max and all people have scored up to 330 340 now they are not giving this kind of mark but there were years where people have scored 330 340 and all right possibility so option is again important and then we quickly go to this year's top or ishita kishore so in GS she scored 450 optional sorry 313 right that means of GS 45% and optional 62% I quickly show this thing last year's top or was Shruti Sharma this is the highest score of all the top or for the last 5-6 years GS she scored 494 right 49.5% optional 306 then 2020 top or Shufa GS 424 right where as optional again 320 and 2019 public administration student was a top or producing for 81 in GS optional 293 last year all optional 300 was kind of the highest score then this is the guy who scored 360 max optional again very rarely nowadays they don't give this high marks 360 max optional so 448 and 360 in the optional again you can see the personality test mark in the 179 158 so this thing got only 158 this is all unpredictable but optional I'll show you the Pabad optional don't worry don't think that Pabad will not get more than 300 Pabad every year somebody gets more than 300 right nowadays they are trying to cap there is something called normalization in UPS yeah we heard about it there is something called normalization what is normalization all optional will be normalized else what will happen people who write with max might be getting finaled out of 500 no humanity subject will get that much so they will bring the marks down and imagine one option is very difficult say medical science is an extreme difficult paper this year and the top mark is 240 right but they will boost it to so that there is a parity of optional there is a normalization process which goes on that is why UPSC never gives out the main cancer copies right they don't give out the main cancer people have filed RTA what is RTA right to information so all public bodies are brought under RTA somebody filed an RTA to UPSC asking for the main cancer paper they said we can't give you the main cancer paper because you are not shown the actual marks that even in GS you are not shown the actual marks this is what UPSC has said every from the SC this year even the top scorer her GS3 score is 88 right this year the highest mark in GS3 was 103 that does not mean nobody has studied GS3 there is some rationalization every year every year some paper will be butchered some paper will be given very high marks so also this is a very relative examination you don't have to score 1750 you have to score better among all the accidents GS also you have to excel among the people who are writing the examination so how many people write this examination how many people write this examination how many people apply for this examination from where will you get all this information yes UPSC gives reports annual reports are there you can set UPSC update so the last annual report has dealt about 2020 examination right so in the 2020 examination approximately 10.5 lakh students applied applied 4.8 lakh students wrote the examination that means problems 4.8 lakh students wrote how many people will clear the problems how many people will clear the problem yes it depends on the vacancy right when the 2020 notification I think they had only 750 or 800 vacancy right so I think around 11,000 students cleared the problems right so out of 4.8 lakh around 11,000 students I am saying only approximate number student wrote the names from the names how many students will attend the interview 2 to 2.5 times the number of vacancies this is what they will call so around 2,100 students attended the interview and around 800 students they selected so this is the conversion ratio so out of 4.8 lakh students who write the exam how many people make it in the list point so this conversion ratio is 0.16 right this is the difficulty of the exam exam is not difficult exam is difficult because it is very competitive right and the maximum elimination happens where here from problems to means only 2 percent aspirants are selected right the public administration public administration you have to clear the problems running examine the difficulty the problems are very upset on a question of one day 100 questions they made difficult this year so next year probably they will make it easy so problems you have to clear to write the main pressure means to interview interview to final conversion ratio is high right you would have almost 16 percent alchemy clearing but I think almost 40 percent people will clear so what in the interview around 40 percent will clear right 8th and Google is cleaning another problem face long so this this is one aspect so every year they will butcher some years papers happen so you don't have to come beat with everybody you have to come beat with this people cream right you know mutually on a competition right you don't have to get the best marks you would have you have to clear the cut off right I hope you have those who have attended the July batch you have already sorry may batch you have already discussed about cut off right August batch sorry July batch when you will come we will discuss about these things if you are not understanding certain advances it's okay once the class chart you understand cut off so every year problems as a cut off right you only have to clear the cut off you don't have to score 200 out of 200 right anyway this is one importance of this is the mark of you topper so optional is important now you do you know how many options are given by UPSC how many options are given by UPSC from where will we get this information notification every year around February notification will come there they will say the list of optional so UPSC has given 26 optional right out of this 26 options you can pick one optional so we can maybe broadly classify this optionals into art and science right some options are more time oriented some options are more earth oriented which is picked more see if you take the percentage of people appearing for UPSC are they more science background arts background from UPSC's report around 75% accurate appearing for UPSC are from science background are from science background but if you take the optional around 70% people 70 to 75% people fix art subject right this is the irony of UPSC optional right you pick our subject feeling that you can study it better right so this broadly you can classify now quickly show you the optionals I hope you know all this things so again basically you can think about the subject you have studied in school what are subject you have studied in school now social science a la other kind of line by classification history geography then economics then you have studied science know physics chemistry I think biology they are divided into zoology and botany yes maths mathematics then computer science in law computer science in law moon engineering subject on the computer science is not there then as you said if you take plus two political science like a maybe graduation level at the top you come to graduation right graduation three engineering subjects are given civil engineering now you come to degree then electrical engineering and mechanical engineering then where they can graduation subject political political science a la psychology sociology and the Prology then commerce and accounting management all literature subject is considered as one optional all literature subject right agriculture agriculture is one option yes animal husbandry so animal husbandry and veterinary science anthropology botany chemistry civil engineering commerce I can have condensate then economics electrical engineering geography geology yes this another option geology so a part of geography maybe we can say geology history law is there another thing you study in your college management mathematics mechanical engineering medical science again post philosophy physics political science psychology public administration sociology statistics is another paper biology literature and agriculture these are the 26 options given by UPSC out of which you have to pick one optional now quickly what are the factors to be considered by selecting an optional what is the first factor you can basically consider your graduation subject is one area like if you there are certain areas you can definitely not pick if you are an engineer you cannot definitely pick medical science if you are a doctor you cannot definitely pick engineering so there you can easily rule out certain optional from the list of optional you have not studied biology rule out botany and psychology you are not said done science you can rule out all the science subject so one aspect generally you can consider is the subject your graduation subject and second aspect is like whether you have studied law if you are a lawyer if you have studied law there is a possibility of picking law right if you have studied commerce there is a possibility of picking commerce and economics similarly engineering these are all subjects you generally pick if you have done the graduation these subjects now there as you said your inclination right so there are certain alternatives which will fit like I have done my masters in management right so I have considered about picking management as an optional but why I did not pick management there were certain constraints for management one nobody to teaching management even though I have done masters that is not sufficient for writing UPSC so I need some UPSC related help so no very few people clear with the management option even if I have to ask what all did you do for management there is no guidance right no test series for management so there are certain aspects so there are certain parallelist you can take like law if you have studied if you feel law is a physical optional there is a lot of things in law which we use in public administration right similarly if I studied agriculture you do not want to pick agriculture you can go for popular option like geography or bottom bottom is not popular option medicine if you do not want to pick medicine you can look subjects like anthropology psychology psychology etc so this is another opportunity what you have studied for your graduation and how you can link it with the alternate subject so commerce and accountancy management again you can take Babadar economics overlap is there then you are liking right whether you like a subject or not and this like should see there are two there can be two things one I generally feel that I like the subject there is no reason there is no reason I don't know I like a subject I like a subject mostly as I said it will be very fine somebody told that this option is really good I have not even read the syllabus of the subject but I feel I like the subject this is not the liking your liking should be based on certain parameters right you when you like an optional again which is generally said that option should be considered as your girlfriend or boyfriend because we are going to build a relationship till the time we are going to clear the examination the exam pass out in the number daily time spent in the subject channel optionally daily time spent in the optional on a subject on a optional GSNA column you have to spend more time so you have to like the subject to that extent that you feel like spending time right UPSC also gives this opportunity to break up which is girlfriend boyfriend you can talk about the possibility under opportunity cost right in the other market you can name you might be able to easily replace your girlfriend boyfriend right Kalyan and I know I was here and implications on the new even a opportunity cost if you study one subject and then you change the subject you have to spend again 45 months to grab and all of the subjects right that is the thing so you have to analyze basically again am I graduation is engineering right but I knew that I'll never grow for engineering because engineering pass out again and I'll put the mood and I'm a career very difficult and that you have to study the entire engineering for your three engineering they will they give only three subjects but it is very difficult to grab the whole sub thing for the main type was for sure that I will go for humanity subject out of humanities I had a board manager I studied from management that is why I picked public administration this was my logic when I picked public administration so you should have your own logic of why you are picking a subject right so again there are two types of analysis one is an objective analysis other is a subjective analysis and then objective and subjectivity yes objective means it is based on facts it is based on pure facts how optional is performing okay you can understand my I am mostly going in English only but if you if I expect all you miss something you can tell me like if I am using Malalam anywhere so 10 how optional are performing everybody is saying anthropology is the best option in the market what is the proof that anthropology is the best option in the market that everybody is taking sociology they are getting good marks do you have any proof that this is all so there is a you can analyze the trend how will you analyze the trend UPST gives us a statistic every year as I said now the 72nd report of UPST have come out in April they give you the statistics of the exam in 2020 also is a statistic everybody is saying Pabad is very difficult what is the statistic how many people are hearing from Pabad what is the score of Pabad you analyze all this thing see first you have to like the subject Pabad if you feel it is very dry to read I do not want to read Pabad I like reading physics more read physics I like solving mathematics solve mathematics that if you do not like solving mathematics you do not like time think about humanity is optional right you if you feel sociology is good if you feel public administration psychology read psychology for two three days one week some NCRTs are available no or you Google ignore books any book to take a public administration start reading the basics right basics and see how you can connect with the subject I will tell you the advantage of public administration later but first thing is trend analysis I will show you a trend analysis it is an objective analysis trend analysis second as I asked you can I know is there should be somebody to guide you unless otherwise you have done this as your graduation subject there should be somebody to tell you and teach you right general studies they call it general studies why they call it general studies you need only very general knowledge even though questions are little applied but still even with very general knowledge you might be able to answer most of them but optional even though they say that you need to require only graduation level knowledge they mostly ask post graduation level questions in all optional right so there should be somebody who has to teach you what you study up to post graduation post graduation is how many years graduation post graduation is five years you have to finish this in four months right we are going to study the whole content all options not just public administration all options are like that four years of engineering you have to finish in four months right so this is one aspect you need guidance you need somebody who have written this examination who have understood about this examination or who have cleared this examination somebody who have written so my personal experience I will tell you I have written two main both with public administration I have attended interview one interview both times add more than 290 score both about two times I wrote about I have 290 one one time and 288 second time this is my first so I understood about really well I did not make into the list because of other aspects not because of Babak Babak has never troubled me my both me have written two main so I can tell you what will work what will not work this is one aspect then second is material availability right do you have books engineering you have books hundreds and thousands of books like how many of your engineers any engineer only science all our other humanities how many science people one two three four five six seven of you are some time so I don't I don't know how much science engineering if you take four years of books it will be you know if you have buy books it's a personal buy but nowadays it might be photo I don't know what is in market but if you take all the textbooks you know I am a mechanical engineer for me it will be 2-3 Alamadi or a right so it is not possible to read all this books times also I remember the physics of class that itself is this big physics vines if you remember these books are there in market now vines for these and all if you write engineering entrance and all these books are for the studies I don't know if it is there anyway material availability so this is one aspect where the popular optional shine what is the popular options I will tell you why people pick certain optional like history the options you said history geography public administration like sociology this is popular options because of these two aspects one guidance some good faculty is there who is guiding people second you have material to study the subject right then you have to know your writing skills this is something we can work on right if even if you have no writing skills I can assure you that the writing skills can be improved right you can see right now so this course will have something called a kind of enrichment program after your problem we are doing it right now for the your previous batch so after problems we will sit and we will write meticulously answers T-vacues because in the classroom program I will not be able to focus too much on answer writing because I am trying to finish the portion in 4-5 months right so there I will discuss some T-vacues but again I will give you test papers but again we will not be able to sit and write and I will not be able to come and read your answers correctly in a class itself so for the problems what we will do we will do this intensive answer writing program and fundamental enrichment it is more like a revision value addition class plus answer writing plus test series all these things we will do post-films that is where you will focus more on the optional right because this course which she will be starting next week will end by say December of course won't extend till December for the September October November or anyway December calculated December and then we will focus on problems in January how many of you are writing 2024 attempt age wise and you can give attempt in 2024 all of you age wise all of you can give attempt no 2024 so when you are from January obviously you will be running around films so by the time you write films everything of Abad will be forgotten water also you study you will forget it so after films we will revise summarize it and all of you should attempt to write names in the first attempt this is my our target so films also I will try to help you out certain aspects after January we will you know personally I will help you to in certain aspects of films and all obviously we have vendors here you will be a lot of vendors they will also help you out so films we have to focus as I said the maximum elimination happened in the film space then another aspect you have to consider is the GS overlap if I study this subject how much it will help me in GS general studies so basically GS 2 is called Abad 3 and GS 4 is called Abad paper 4 we can call it like this because GS 2 has a lot of overlap with Abad paper 2. Abad means public administration this is a colloquial term for public administration we call it Abad so Abad paper 2 is nothing but GS 2 there is a lot of overlap and general trend is Abad students score really well in paper 2 and ethics also 50 to 60 percent of the syllabus of ethics is Abad because they are ultimately going to test the ethics of future administrators so there is administrative ethics if you will study in Abad paper then there is philosophy of ethics like what talker he is told what Aristotle does this is not there in Abad so ethics has one philosophy but one administrative but administrative but we are covering in Abad so 2 GS papers you will get a lot of condense from your Abad knowledge so you can ultimately track 4 papers with help of Abad this is one other thing again this you may or may not listen it is up to you obviously institute will tell you join the option which the institute is offering sociology is the best option public administration is the best option history is the best option because we have these faculty here this is one thing we will tell institute will tell when your seniors will tell based on their experience again I don't know how many people have analyzed the statistics of this option so you there is no discrimination among any option right so this is few things you have to consider while using the optionals so if you analyze we will now we will go this trend analysis first we will do that you analyze the rank of UPSC toppers ranked one of the last 10 years from 2013 to 2022 we are taking the copper rank which option has performed the you know which option has got the rank one maximum number of which option is performing the best in the market which option is performing the best in the market anthropology sociology I am taking only from 2013 what happened before 2013 before 2013 two optionals I think the last person to get first rank with two optionals was first the last Malayali to get first rank from UPSC from Kerala do you know Harizah Vikumar you don't even know Harizah Vikumar she is right down the district electoral district electoral Alapudra Alapudra collector the issue I know she is now transferred to Alapiz she is now the district electoral Alapiz she is the last person to get all in the rank one in the UPSC from Kerala right she studies Malayali literature and economics in 2013 you have to study only one optionals right they removed one optionals syllabus revision of means happened in 2013 from 2013 to 22 if you analyze which optionals have performed best we have said how many times it stops 5 times 10 times 10 out of 10 9 out of 10 8 out of 10 6 out of 10 1 out of 10 more than that again I don't know how this randomization happens but maybe UPSC intensely does this right so ESI at 2 times last time 2015 then only in 2022 then 2 times I think anthropology also 70 and 20 apart from that every year different options have stopped the subject right so Kabad also was ranked one in 2019 history was ranked one in 2021 so according to this probability maybe next year geography again the chance for Malayali literature right only one time literature top 2016 Kannada literature right so I don't know I think there is some randomization see they will never promote one option continuously even if you check the statistics of all options you will understand that every option will be given a fair chance right so there is no logic that ESIR is the best optional sociology so I think the last 10 years nobody from sociology got into first rank that does not mean sociology is not performing second third fifth sixth rank is coming from sociology right sociology is also performing I am not saying performing now we will see there are six popular optionals high popular why we call it popular maximum number of aspirants write the names with it that is why we call it popular right that is now you are friends so if you are writing names you have picked public administration if you are taking public administration you have picked public administration so it is one subject before 2012 50 percent of aspirants writing names was with public administration right so what happened after one optional three years they asked very difficult questions from public every three years one also subject as one chair man in the UPSE right he might be deciding the question the trend of question the difficulty of question etc I think 13 14 15 3 years public administration questions were very difficult questions after that questions normalize 16 maybe they did it intentionally to reduce the people taking public administration I don't know why they did this and that 3 years marks not know reduced probably that is right people fear public administration there is nothing to fear as I said after that 15 70 90 20 20 you take any year paper all papers are very much doable right so if you take the trend of last I have taken it from 15 you can take it to any year this is all from UPSE reports right there are 6 popular optionals which are the 6 popular optionals geography history PSIR sociology anthropology and public administration these are the 6 optionals where the maximum number of people write them in right in 2019 geography was the most popular option all these years geography was the most popular optionals last year last year 2020 PSIR was the most popular option in terms of number of people writing the names it is nothing but people picking the paper optionals that is the only thing now what you have to understand is the conversion ratio what is called conversion ratio what is conversion ratio if 100 people write the names with one optional how many of them make it into the list right so if 100 people write 10 purpose here you can call the conversion ratio is 10% right so if you analyze the conversion ratio all optionals have more or less 8 to 10% conversion ratio right all optionals be it sociology be it anthropology be it see there are certain years some options have performed really well there are certain years some options have not performed at all in general history and geography performance is a little lower on the lower side among the corporal optionals I am saying okay not all optionals among corporal optionals if you analyze the geography performance geography 2020 is the highest number 7.2 that means out of 10 100 people writing et cetera very clearly before that it was 5.5 5.1 et cetera et cetera PSIR the best performance so far is 9.4 me out of 100 people writing 9.4 rounded to a thousand people are 94 people will clear right you are some only 8.3 that means IRM where is the et cetera realistic group 83 people public administration IRM where is the et cetera 75 8 to where it difference your look it's not you know as people think otherwise public administration there is no discrimination this is the general rumor people say in the market and you take the most proper option also PSIR and anthropology one year they have hit a very high success ratio 41 people wrote 14% success ratio there after that you just hear for andro success ratio is only 3.3 and even if you see 2017 and 2018 sorry 2016 we have more than 10% success ratio 10.6 meaning IRM where is the other 106 people will make it in the list 102 people will spend the list there are a lot of bad people right if there are a lot of bad people but people generally see you can see the number of people taking bad is ready declining 1795 1506 509 it's up to people to pick your option that is the only thing but the success ratio varies among all options history in general over side Lana IS number of American 6.8 this year only 4.1 maybe it's a difficult subject if you have a again difficulty or another also you have to remember a lot of things if you like reading things if you like reading factual content you can definitely take history people do because even in history 500 people wrote history names almost 600 people wrote history names so this is the objective evaluation of optional right last 3 6 years I am showing the data and I am so telling you that if you take public administration there is no part discrimination all options is like this and as I said there will be some normalization that may be that is how they are doing it but all optional they are giving kind of equal priority only so this is the objective analysis now what you have to do if at all you are still confused you have to narrow it out to 2 optionals right among the 26 optionals we discussed pick 2 optionals you like and then you read content about it so when you are reading content don't take the driest book in the world and read right very factual books if you take and read you will obviously see it bored right take or watch some videos just when a public administration you can comment sit in the first one or two class and see what we are discussing whether you like it or not right this is what you can do confined to two options read content from that option first thing second maybe you can go through some previous chair questions about I'll say go through paper to question paper one to read now if you have no bad background you won't understand because paper one is theory I'll tell you what is in paper one paper one is a theoretical aspect of public administration you might find it a little difficult you read paper to and you read yes to question paper you can see the overlap right so bad paper to is more like yes to any you study things for yes to me this question will come in public right there is a lot of overlap so you read and see how you can incline yourself to any subject so this is the general things you have to consider for picking any options all options are good right two things you have a you should have a good faculty teacher I'll tell you from a very practical point somebody to help you out right you are comfortable with my class you can you should be able to listen to what I'm telling in the class right there should be a connect between the faculty and the teacher and the teacher should be ready to help you out this is one thing second book system all in the proper options system all the books available there are a lot of books available for all the proper options right no depth of books so that is there in the market I will tell you what books to read then answer writing practices follow this you can score mark I'll show you the fact mark this year also in Trivandrum people have scored 293 right about perform really well this year this year's data will come only next year's report so when next year's report I'll I'll I'll I'll get I'll show you the data then if you want for sure this year proper performances really well I think around eight to nine percent students have cleared this year with Babad even in Trivandrum I think four people have around 290 score in my knowledge I will go all down directly for the 5 where they are marked in the mark in the Trivandrum all of them have 280-290 marks right now so any questions in anything you have discussed so far? Online, offline? any questions in anything you have discussed? any questions? question questions online any questions? right now Let us fix the subject public administration right what is public administration? What is public administration? I asked you to tell me what is public administration what will tell you what is public administration Who is public? Who is public? People. Okay. People. Administration means. Administration means. The roots I think is from Latin word administer. Which means serve. Basically to serve. You are called a civil servant. Not civil master. Not civil king. You are called civil servant. So ultimately we are going to serve the society. We are going to provide service to the society. So we are discussing about how we can serve the society in the best possible way. Whether an IS officer, ITS officer, IS officer, whatever officer. Ultimately we are going to serve the society. Right. So how to do it better? That is what we are going to discuss. So again why public administration certain aspects. I already told you there is a lot of GS overlap. Right. GS paper 2, 4 lot of overlap. Then again this is what you are going to do in your life. Administration. So again in Abbasana when you go, you will study all the things. Administration. You will study more things. There is law course. There is economics course. All the psychology. All the things I will teach you. But ultimately you will be learning administration. Again interview it will help you. Because interview they will try to test your administrative acumen. That they will give you situational questions. You are appointed as a collector of your district. What all will be your priorities? My interview that Chairman asked me. You are appointed as a policy IPS officer in a district with less number of crimes. You know what all will be your priorities. So administrative acumen even if you have no public administration optionals. They will ask you. Because ultimately you are going to be administrators. It will help you in your interview and for selection. So again there is a lot of real life connect. Especially in a subject like public administration. Public administration. Because ultimately we are studying about society. How to deal with society. So whenever we are studying. If we can connect it with the real world. This is one aspect. When you are studying quantum physics quantum mechanics. Even now I do not know what exactly is. You know the implications of quantum mechanics. You have to imagine a lot of things and study. Because we are dealing with people. Society how we are interacting with people and society. This is public administration. Another aspect syllabus is very short and crisp. We have 12 chapters in paper 1 14 chapters in paper 2. Even then very short syllabus unlike PSIR and all PSIR has a very vast syllabus. So as compared to PSIR sociology also has a very short syllabus. Anthropology I do not know about the syllabus. But about syllabus I can tell you is a very short syllabus. You can cover the syllabus. First round of studies will take 4 to 5 months 4 months to 5 months. After that if you want to revise you can revise it very quickly. Because content wise we can finish it very fast. And again previous performance. I will show you the previous performance. These are the top post of sabad in last year's name. So fortunately or unfortunately the marks I have seen. The person who got the highest marks in sabad did not clear the examination. He did not make into the rank list. That is not because of sabad. So sabad is only mark list. You have to score in all the other papers also. SL is score in them GS is score in them. Interview is score in them. So this is his mark list. See he got 150 is equal to 147 in sabad. This is a really good mark. So in the review he got 155 SL he scored only 100. And GS also he scored less than 400. And he could not make it in the list. S.R. Markman, Zainan, Kareela Vashe. He is the topper. And rank 31 292 294 293. There are a lot of 292 here. 292 is a really good score in optional. Current trend that I remember in 2016, 330 were able to do that. That time 300 was very easily achievable. Now 300 is not very easy achievable for any optional not sabad. They are not giving them a standard. There is a standardization which is happening. So all optionals they will try to keep the highest score to 300. So this guy who got 300. So they gave 300 in sabad. He could not clear. So Priyanka Shah Shah sorry dark. This is her score. So she scored 153 and 139. In this paper. Sabad paper 1 and paper 2. See. In general I am telling you. See the paper 2 score. 115. Here also paper 2 score. Paper 2 Nandana. Central studies paper 2. Those who are in all the may batch will know. Do you guys know what is paper 2? Paper 2 is Indian polity. Indian polity. Governance. Constitution. All the things is paper 2. This is what we are studying in sabad paper 2 also. Then 2021 the top rank of sabad are 17. She had 259. Again 2021 I did not see any marks above 300. So I bought the marks highest test score was 288. That is a rank 17. 100. So again people have cleared. 280, 290 easily achievable. This is the score card of Mahat. She scored 114 but she got less marks in paper 2. Why we do not know. But if she had good marks in paper 2 also. She might have been ranked 1. We do not know. So 140, 190. She scored 131, 143. Good score. 2020 less. Again Karishma is a Malali. She interviews there in the Shankar YouTube channel. So she scored 269, 266. 299 was the highest score I saw. Again 300. Year to 300 people have scored. So this is group study of markless. 150. 149. So 150 is a good kind of highest score in paper 2. Karishma's mark. 139, 130. Again there is a concept of penalty marks. Exactly we do not know why UPSC gives penalty marks. Mostly on writing on the margin might be. Or I do not know exactly. Writing on the margins is one general idea why they give you penalty. Is what I understand. Then Avinash 129, 137. This was 2019. Obviously rank 100. Public at the station. And then rank 11, Nupur Goyal 302. This was the top score. Nupur Pradeep. Then 2018. So many people. And there was somebody who got 312 in the first system itself. In the bad. But possible. Very much possible if you spend time. Then 331 was there. That there again. If you look into the scores this year. A lot of people are scoring 300, 300, 333, etc. So that means everybody in all options got this score. So if you are scoring 290, 290, 290. That means most optional. That would be the highest score. This is a trend. This is why I said normalization. They give you the 2018. Lot of people got 300, 333, 331. Lot of scores. Pradeep had 262, 169. 163, 151. 17 again. 311. Top score. 16. I think this is the so far the highest score I have seen in Babad. 334. Abilash Mishra ranked 5 in 2016. Right. So the point I wanted to tell is. The previous performance of Babad. You can. And you should target. Target 300. In an optional subject. Right. This is our target. Very much possible. And if you analyze the previous ranks also. Babad is not. You know. Butchered in any manner. Babad is not. There is no discrimination to this subject. But all options. If they analysis you can do for all the optional. The other faculty would be doing it. I don't know. But if you do this analysis. All subjects will be like this. No discrimination, no partiality. You can score 300 in public administration option. So we can divide the syllabus. What we are studying going to study in the next 4 months. Paper one is called administrative. Theory. That is a theory part of. How public administration evolved. As a subject. Right. And what are the theory. What are the different perspectives you will do as an administrator. Theoretically you will study this. And paper 2. We will deal with. Indian administration. What we do in India. What are the things you are doing in India. How is financial administration happening in India. How sales services is recruited in India. Then how PSUs are managing India. Then there is a chapter on union government. What is union government. General government. Same thing you said in full. Then there is a chapter on state government. Same thing you said in full. Then there is a chapter on district administration. The union government. State government. Then there is something called. Punjai Tiraj Institute. Do you know what is Punjai Tiraj Institute. Basically. Punjai Tiraj. 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments. Punjai Tiraj. That is two chapters. Urban local body and Punjai Tiraj Institute. So basically how administration happening in India is. Paper 2. Paper 1 is the theory part. Theory of administration is paper 1. So again as I said. Just you can write. What is public administration. What is public administration. Serving the public. Can give the answer in two lines. Two sentences. Write two sentences and give me the answer. What is public administration. Will you write. This fast. So most of your answer use the word serve the people. Right. You are all serving the people good only. So this is only one aspect of public administration. So public administration. Whenever you hear the term public administration. There are two aspects which should come in your mind. Public administration. Is a discipline. What does it mean by discipline. It is a subject you are studying. Right. It is a theory subject you are studying. And it is an activity. This is where your service. And all the other things will come. Right. This is the applied part. You go into the society for the people. Public administration is an activity. Public administration as a discipline. As a subject. When did it evolve. We have only a history of 131 40 years. Only in 1887. There is a former president of USA. Called a Woodrow Wilson. Wilson will say. That other where a public administration. Is considered as a sub part of political science. Right. There was no separate discipline of public administration. Because study does a sub part of political science. Woodrow Wilson at that time will say. We should study public administration as a subject. Separate subject. This is the beginning of. This is the symbolic beginning of. The discipline of. Public administration. So what are we going to do here. We are going to deal with the. Discipline of public administration. When you are going to. What is. Going to. For administration there you will deal with the. Discipline you will study the subject. And then you will come to your home. And you will apply. Activity. There are two aspects of first part. Is mostly dealing with the. Disciplinary concern. Right. So the first chapter. Is basically how public administration. Evolved. A brief history of 131 40 years. From Woodrow Wilson in 1887. To 2023. How has the subject. Evolved is chapter 1. So you will study all the basics. What is the meaning of public administration. What are the activities done by a public administrator. What is the how did it evolve. Right how did it evolve. How did it come into existence. And Wilson what is what was Wilson which. Wilson who is Wilson. Woodrow Wilson is considered the father of public administration. So what did Wilson say about public administration. Why did Wilson want to study public administration. As a separate discipline. All these things we will discuss. Right. So first chapter is about the basic of public administration. And the evolution. There are different phases through which public administration. Will evolve. And how does the subject evolve. Public administration is closely. Linked with the society. So administration will evolve. Depending upon the problems of the society. Right. Now the society is moving towards. All this artificial intelligence. All these things. So administration should evolve to deal with the problems. And conversations of the society. This is how administration will evolve. So in general. If you understand society. There are two, three phases of how society has evolved. Just for your understanding. There is a concept called a laser sphere. Do you know what is laser sphere. Laser sphere is called laser sphere. Laser sphere is nothing but free market. Laser sphere is nothing but free market. So there are few proponents of free market. One famous proponent is Adam Smith. One famous proponent is Adam Smith. Right. What is free market? What is free market? Governments should not control the market. Right. Market should be allowed to work very freely. If there is a demand for something. Let the market produce it. Demand. have you seen flow feed is there are something called flow feed is which was used to store data long time back flow feed is you know gone out of market why no demand government should need not have to tell okay reduce flow feed is automatically it will die down right this is called a free market let the market function by itself government only do minimum things of regulating policing function tax collection tax collection and the minimalistic activity mask are the government is on a free market from free market we will evolve to something called welfare state and then welfare state should do everything in the society revolve change of 1930 what is the significance of 1930 world again administration evolves in which country administration evolves basically in yes serving public answer online also I hope you understood serving most of the people serving public only but there are two aspects it should come in your mind whenever I see we say public administration from now you think public administration after discipline and activity now coming back what happened in 1930 you have to know world history administration basically as a subject evolves in America people are not a little global either basically this administration evolved in America America went through something called depression right America went through depression after world war one America market boomed and then collapse all of a sudden collapse so people job loss was heavy people were poor poverty was very high so to deal with all this thing that time American president said okay now we are going to provide every service to the society right whatever you need we will provide state became the ultimate provider this is called welfare state right from welfare state we are moving towards something called corporate state in 1970s so what happened state started providing everything people wanted but ultimately state provides means who is providing who is giving the services state provides means who is giving the services again for may back it might be repetition for the new people democracy has three wings or three pillars sort of pillars legislature executive judiciary there are three pillars of democracy what is the role of legislator legislature will make loss executive implement loss and judiciary low adjudication so parliament suppose parliament is making a law or a policy who will implement this policy in on ground executive again executive we can divide it into two types of executive there is political executive and permanent executive whose political executive ministers they are elected only for five years then they will change whose permanent executive bureaucrats you are all studying to be permanent executives you are all going to implement the loss of the government they are all going to implement the policies of the government so when the government is saying that we will provide you certain things who is ultimately providing all this thing right when we are saying government what is government namal garner government is the honor executive executive is providing us right if you want something you will visit the collective or you will reach the maybe secretary it will meet people there they are all representing the government so what happened is by 1970s this welfare state started failing because bureaucracy has a lot of problems right bureaucracy in its traditional bureaucratic corruption is there bureaucracy was very much corrupted there is something called red tape is some what is red tape is some what is red tape is some you would have seen in government files government files is folded with a red tape right you will never open this red tape you will keep it as a file to keep it in the shelf for years it will be there so this is called red tape is a means files will not move things will not happen so it had a lot of problems people were very much agitated that government was not functioning that time we thought that let us move towards solution to all the problems of the society if you want to provide services not government but who can provide it better private sector so here government means public sector public sector people felt that private sector will be able to solve all the problems of the society right so private sector private sector and we started something called LPG reforms what is LPG reforms liberalization privatization globalization right even if you do not know any of this does not matter as you read more NCRTs as you read more basic books all these things you will understand I am just giving you a brief of what you are going to study as I said in my quality class also this is like a trailer when you see the trailer you would not understand anything the substance is when you see the actual movie so you have to wait for the whole thing to unfold after four months I tell you all these things you will know things better than me right so what happened LPG reforms were adopted and what happened there were a lot of problems of private sector also what is the problem of the private sector their motive is nothing but profit the oriented the motive of government is service public welfare so private sector if you let as I know you are asking ambani to provide public welfare will we try to get public welfare or will we try to gain profit profit so private sector also had problems right then the government understood that you cannot private sector is not the solution you need welfare corporate state you need welfare cooperated where the state and the private sector should come together right so we will link it to different theories in public administration so beginning phase some theories are there then we will move to something towards the all these things in the syllabus I am just giving you again there is something called new public administration right so initially public administration came certain people wanted to revive public administration because public administration of scaling we call it new public administration then when new public administration also failed people wanted to bring private sector this is what we called new public management but these are all terms which you will study again this is the first chapter first chapter is nothing but the evolution of public administration now from there we have moved to something called good governance now it is governance how to manage the people good governance again all this concept new public management challenges of LPG liberalization privatization globalization again we are moving to public choice LPG NPN is all privatization impact of privatization and how it has impacted us administrators right so first chapter is chapter one is public administration we are public administrators we will study how it evolved again as many of you have wrote in your question some of you have wrote in your question to clear administrators right but we deal with but how do we deal with the public how do we interact with the public do I come with a mic and announce every day hello hello I am the collector of the Siddhartham please come to me do I go to Thambanura with a mic and announce I am collector please come come I will solve all your problem how do we solve the problems of the society you know how how like as I am saying I am the collector now how do you know that I am the collector rare to come etc there is a place called a collector now I know that if you go to the collector's collector will be there I can approach you you go to the secretary there will be people's secretaries who can help you so we reach the public through something called public organization organizations right so collect rate secretary these are all organizations through which you will reach the public right so chapter four is nothing but public organization how are we interacting with the public public this is public organization now what fills this public organization you collect right the point and are under also under right we are dealing with people right so it means people we call it personal people is called personal management or personal administration means resources money should make us work so there is financial management right so if you take paper one processor chapter three is sorry chapter four is organization chapter nine is personal administration so this we will study in chapter nine and financial administration we will study in chapter 12 right what is been a personal administration and what is finance administration then we will discuss about what affects these people the most complex thing to study in the world is people human behavior and how to influence the human behavior how to motivate these people how to interact with the people this is called administrative behavior so this is called administrative behavior which we will study in chapter three chapter three so chapter three is administrative behavior then we will discuss about how we interact with the society there are certain aspects of interacting with the society there are certain things we people expect from us which is called accountability and control accountability and control which is chapter five we have to be accountable to the people right and we have to be accountable to the superiors who are our superiors who are our superiors what are superiors government or politicians ministers right so if I may use the lower if I am a say you know I am jumping things you might not understand I have I have IS officers above me right so I am responsible to them as well as to the minister so I am accountable to them I am accountable to people also there are two different types of accountability so how we are kept accountable etc is dealt with in chapter five then sixth chapter is called administrative law two things who makes law legislator makes law right so ultimately when a minister is making a law that's see our electricity minister might be able to stand at pass he doesn't even know how will electricity is generated so who actually makes laws for them bureaucrats right so how are we making laws one aspect and there should be laws to control also so ask him the thing bureaucrats else if you are left to free bureaucrats will rule the country and yes through in the country also so there should be some laws on us also so this is what is dealt in chapter six which is called administrative law now coming to chapter two like every other chapter sorry every other subject we have certain fingers as I said Wilson is the first person who said we should study public administration Wilson is called an administrative finger just given some thought into administration similarly we have fingers like Taylor, Fyall, Weber these are all people who have said different things about administration so chapter two of paper one is nothing but administrative theory or administrative thought right chapter two we'll discuss about all what did Weber say what did Fyall say what did Taylor say what did there is maybe Parker Polay what did she say so there is a book for that I'll explain about books and all in the first class now we are only understanding the syllabus so this is theory different people are different so Polay will say how to motivate people right Simon there is another thing called Simon Simon will say how to influence the decision of people right this is we are all dealing with human behavior and how to make organizations efficient what organization what organization public organizations how to make public organizations efficient and how to influence the behavior of people bureaucrats or how to improve the behavior of bureaucrats so scientific management theories there classical theories by Fyall these are all fingers Weber, Mary Parker Polay, Mayo Elton, Mayo Bernard, Simon then there are three fingers I'm not discussing their names now we'll study all the fingers one by one what is their you know contribution this is there in all papers now now you see if you feel okay there are a lot of things to study public administration let us go to sociology sociology has a history of 500 years now we have a history of 130 years you have to study fingers in only 130 years right there is 500 years starting from Aristotle you have to study everything ADCD you have to study so all papers whether it is political science whether it is sociology if you are studying humanities there are fingers there are people who have given different thought process into the development of the subject of the discipline this is the second chapter so third chapter behavior so in behavior communication motivation leadership decision making all these things will be discussed this is the third chapter administrative behavior fourth chapter is organization so organizations what are the different structure ministries boards commission this is the fourth chapter we will go through all these things fifth chapter is accountability how we can ensure the accountability with the people and with the bureaucrats all those things legislative executive judicial accountability citizens media role of media role of interest group pressure group do you know what is the pressure group pressure group means they influence pressure on the government right so again they will keep you they will be pressure on you also nowadays one pressure group in social media is children and parents malayana avyarana malayana avyarana should take collector page is filled with the pressure group of children they keep on writing malayana pressurize to take decision very simple example not a correct example collector will never take decision because people are putting his facebook insta page right he will take he or she will take decision only based on data are malayana prediction analysis or heavy rain red alert malayana no rain here collector did not give holiday maybe probably today's rain alert was yellow or whatever it is no heavy rain no need of holiday you will correct sir my house is flooded i have to swim and come to the college academy you have to swim and come no other go anyway this is all pressure group very similar then civil society what is civil society again this pressure group is also part of civil society will again discuss governance concept of governance as three pillars under public public ultimately means government we are represented by you know how do we our thoughts are represented how who represent our thoughts our elected representatives our every all of us legislator no we cannot go and think directly so our thoughts are represented by the government then there is private sector and the third pillar is called civil society example NGOs interest group all these are example of civil society so they also helping in you know in uh enforcing accountability nowadays there are a lot of NGOs there are a lot of interest group who will ensure that the government is functioning properly this is all part of accountability and control six chapters administrative law so how do we make laws and our laws implemented on us there are two three concepts so there is something called administrative tribunal this is all gs overlap and that administrative tribunal meaning what are tribunals quasi judicial body what is a quasi judicial body quasi means half so half of them might be judges half of them will be administrators right so we make laws we give judgment one aspect and then there are judgment there are some laws on us delegated what is delegated legislation have you heard the term delegated legislation yes have you heard the term for now the legislative law delegated legislation basically means as I said parliament the law making body in the country is legislature parliament parliament does not have time to make the law in detail because they how many sittings are there for the parliament when you read lexica you will read it how many sittings are there for the parliament in a year only three sittings right and they sit for maybe maximum hundred days maximum right so the detail they will pass a law they will pass a law the details are made by again bureaucrat bureaucrat this concept is called delegated legislation we are given the charge or power to make law even though law making is the priority of legislature executive have some power to make laws this concept is called delegated legislation this also we will discuss in administrative law now seventh and eighth the chapter are interconnected seventh the chapter is comparative public administration again a theoretical chapter see for a for anything to be called a spine what is the first aspect of a scientific subject objectivity how will objectivity come when there is universality right when I say Newton's law Newton's law is applicable only in India or Newton's law is applicable only in America Newton's law is applicable anywhere in the world is universality so if you want to make any subject into a scientific subject we have to make we have to apply universality so for this universality to come we have to study if you want to make public administration as a scientific subject right we have to study it in different countries across the world and then come out with theory because we are dealing with discipline of public administration right so we are trying to compare the administration of different countries that is called comparative public administration we are comparing historical factors sociological factors administration different countries then ecology ecology means the environment right how the surroundings affect the administration administration of India is totally different from the administration of China which is again totally different from the administration of Saudi Arabia which is again totally different from the administration of Somalia right these are surroundings are different right what is the surroundings so should be the administration this is ecology of administration, then there is a thing there again RICS, FW RICS who has given a lot of points on combative public administration which we will discuss in the 7th chapter, 8th chapter is an you know coming from that we call development, this is what we are all eager to do know, do you want to bring development, you are all going to be collectors and doing development. So, how did this concept of development came, as a theory we will study the concept of development dynamic, what is development, development administration, etc., etc., bureaucracy development, all these things you will study, women and development, another aspect. So, we will discuss about the theoretical aspect, not just India across the world, we will discuss the development. 9th chapter I told you personnel administration, we need people and how these people are across the world, we will discuss grievance, addressal, administrative ethics, etc., etc., 10th chapter is again another duty we will do. So, basically once you get into the surveys, what are the jobs you will do, what are the jobs, I have slight thought problems, I will ask some here coffee, hope you do not mind, I am not you do you want to break, no break, I mean you are 16, I know you are 18. So, for the sleeping you have to bring some feel by yourself, now I would have told in the GS class bring some coffee co, now do not in the class, that is very unprofessional, apart from that you can do, you bring some chocolate, you drink some water, you bring some snacks, when I turn back you can do something, so that you are alert in the class, not just also, GS also you do this, I do not mind, you have to be alert. As I said in my GS class, I will not be taking class like, hello, welcome to public administration, last 91 point and this is not the way class is going to happen, now I have to respect even now, because of last week's quality and last of my thought is a little down, so there will be some tone and mode which I will be taking, so you have to be alert, right, at times my voice will be very sweet, I know, will be very sleepy also, this is I know, so you have to be alert, you have to be alert. Now once you get into the service, what are the jobs you are going to do, all of your first preference is IAS, IPS, IFS, IFS, so let us take IAS for the help of, ease of understanding, because you are studying administration, what are the jobs you are going to do, are collector, I am going to be collector, day 1 collector, day 100 collector, I am a writer also collector, I will be the district collector, I will come in car, boo boo boo, car will come, and everybody will look to district collector board will be there, I will declare holiday for all flights every day, now I will be people's hero, public hero, is it, and all these movies would have misquoted us, you know, and in it some motive will come and say, India Narayanam, and then people will come and clap, wow, collector, collector, super super, and then Vani Viswanath also in that movie, or you would have been motivated by this guy, Rulkar Salman, Vikram Adityan, all so hard, Pisa Vichon, Padikin, Nunjana, Zorak Padiche, then he comes in IAS officer, Sunivin Pali will come, and shout on people, all these things, these movies, or you would have been motivated by all this, Shinga movies, ITS guys, maybe you will come and tash, people will come and throw the chair and chair will fly, nothing of this happens in reality, so as an administrator IAS officer, what are you going to do in the GMO, in the GMO administration, what are you going to administer, according to the problem, re-analyze, and then decisions are you in, yes, ultimately there are two things you will do, one is called policy formulation, and the second is called policy implementation, right, as you said you analyze the policy, you analyze the problem, and you give a solution, this is called formulation, and then there should be somebody to make it effective on ground policy formulation, so there are two phases to your career, first phase is called the sealed posting, what is sealed posting, what is sealed posting, all this collector, deputy collector, now deputy collector is not there in Kela sub collector, assistant collector, now there is I think DDC also, district development commissioners, all this is sealed posting, you are on the seal, you are implementing policies, where will you formulate the policies, secretary, so mostly after say 7 to 8 to 9 years, DDC collector and all is your lower level posting, in a sense, you are still in the junior level, right, once you become senior level, all your postings will be in the secretary, yet you will be serving in a ministry, under a minister, and you will be called secretary, you are all studying to be secretary, right, so you will all become secretaries in some phase of your career, and there is a hierarchy there, secretary, additional secretary, joint secretary, deputy secretary, and under secretary, right, under secretary is not for UPSC, if you are clearing KAS, what is KAS, Kela administrative service, you will be entering as under secretary, then after 8 years, you will be promoted as IS, then you can become deputy secretary, generally the equivalent of collector, you are going to the secretary in a very young phase, you will be serving as deputy secretary, so our entry phase is called deputy secretary, generally in that phase, nobody goes to secretary, all of you will be in the field, right, you will be collector, sub-collector, all the things you will be doing, mostly we will be going to the secretary at a joint secretary, then there is additional secretary, then there is secretary, then there is at times principal secretary, who is the chief secretary, whose chief secretary cabinet is in union government, state is the chief secretary, chief secretary is the senior most IS officer of the state, right, so that senior most not in age, everybody retires at, everybody retires at, 60 years, if you are a central government employee, you will retire at 60 years, so your seniority will depend upon years of service, you will have the seniority to become cabinet secretary, right, if state tiller 30-35 years of service, you can definitely become chief secretary, so chief secretary is nothing but the senior most IS officer, so chief secretary will manage and coordinate all the secretary, secretary is the administrative head of a ministry, right, so ministry, all ministries will have two heads, one is the political head, and the second is the administrative head, who is the political head of a ministry, minister is a political executive, and who is the administrative head, who is the administrative head, they are all going to be that at one phase of your career, after writing 20-25 years, you will be the secretary of a ministry, right, you will be then above you, there will be chief secretary in the state, and in the union government is called cabinet secretary, right, so this chapter 10 is about public policy, right, how to make policies, different phases of policies, all these things we will study in chapter 10, public policy is different phases, and chapter 11 is how we can improve ourselves, there are some scientific tools to make decisions, this is actually very old, now we have moved towards artificial intelligence, right, that and all is not included here, basically it is about how to use technology to make some decisions, this is the 11th chapter, which is called techniques of administrative improvement, like e-governance, IT, etcetera, the syllabus of this is now drafted in 2013, 10 years, no updates, this high time syllabus updates should come, and I expect it any time after 2024, because 2024 what is happening, the day 18 again Tamash are called elections, right, 2024 elections will happen, mostly Narendra Modi will become the prime minister again, and in 1-2 years they will revise the syllabus, so that time maybe they will remove the option, even if there is one advantage, that even if they remove the optional, public administration will be there in a GS paper, for sure public administration, because if they remove the optional what will happen, they will add two more GS papers, in 2013 when they removed two GS papers, sorry, till 2013, two optional, and two GS papers, so they removed one optional, and they increased two GS papers, right, now if they remove this option also, what they will do, add two more GS papers, so this GS paper for sure will contain public administration, so you do not have to worry, you will have expertise there also, I do not know, I do not think it will be happening, but still if at all I am saying, this rumors as you said, there is a lot of great pain, you will sit in the reading room and study, somebody will say, they are going to do, you did not hear, I have got information from the ministry itself, ministry itself told me that when next year, there will be no optional, all the things you will come in the course of your preparation, do not worry about any of this, focus only on the second, anyway, last chapter of paper winner, financial administration as I said, every organization needs money, and you have to manage money, right, what is so important about you managing money as an administrator, you are working for Ambani and managing money, you are working for government and managing money, what is the difference, audit is there for Ambani also, Ambani will hire a chartered accountant and audit it, you will also have audit, what is the difference there, so Ambani is also serving the public, yes, you are spending, not your money, in Ambani you are spending Ambani's money, the law so happens only to Ambani, Ambani can fire you, it is over, but when you are serving the government, you are spending people's money, you are accountable to people, so it is a huge accountability, so how you can spend money, auditing, accounting, all this basic concept, it is heading chapter 12, right, so this is paper one, where we will be discussing the theoretical aspects of public administration, there are certain books, we will discuss these books probably in the first class, this is a little, every chapter has certain books to reference, every chapter has book reference, once you join, we will form groups, like all the CPT you can take, I have no intellectual property on any of this, it is all taken from different sources, syllabus is given by UPSP, I just copy pasted here, sources you can find anywhere, so the first and primary source for studying public administration will be, will be inability, inability is paper two, first and primary source for studying public administration will be NCRT, there is no NCRT for public administration, even in graduation you do not have public administration, forget NCRT, your class notes, what we discussed in class, for sure if you study that, I can assure you that you will be able to answer questions, you can evaluate from any books, you can ask the people who have studied last year, you will have comprehensive class notes, everything in detail I will dictate notes in the class, you will have to write, write and write your hands my pain, but it is okay, you are let the hands pain, you will write notes, so it will write notes, I can give you printed notes also, but writing notes matters because ultimately you are not typing your answers, you are writing clear test, so we will keep writing your hands in pain, you can bring Bollini, and you know use it in the class, I do not mind, but we will write notes, I think last year people had 7, 8 notes, books of public administration, that will be for you also, so what you can do, do not write small, small notebooks by big, big notebooks, then you will have lesser number of notebooks, at least you can expect 5 to 6 notebooks of public administration, you will be there at the end of the course, and another thing you can do is take papers, spiral bind it, this is one thing, so here you can spiral bind to wonder papers, so paper one will have more notes, because we are dealing with the theory, paper two is more Indian administration, you can read it from Laxmi Khan just there, you will get study from multiple sources, but paper one notes will be, I think at least 3 notebooks will be paper one, and maybe 2 notebooks will be paper two, if it is big notes, if it is small, this notebook it will be at least 7, 8 notebooks like this, so first and foremost you will have your class notes, read these class notes hundreds of times, as many number of times as possible, then you will understand the subject very thoroughly, then you value it, there is a book called Aribam, right? Aribam is an IS Officer, he was a student of a Delhi Institute, right, so what he did, he after studying this course from the Delhi Institute, whatever note he had he published as a textbook, so Aribam is something like a guide, you know in schools and all you would have guides for study, so Aribam is a guide where he still have a size he writes things, good book, simple book to understand, the best, the most needed book for public administration is Mohit Bhattajarya, but the problem with Mohit Bhattajarya is it is a very technical, technical in the sense there are certain terms in public administration paper one, which for which first you have to sit in the class, like if I say post to modernism, post to structuralism, post to behaviorism, if you are a humanities aspirant you might understand this, science aspirants will never know all this term, so this we will discuss in the class what is post structuralism, post modernism, once you listen Mohit Bhattajarya you will understand, once you start Mohit Bhattajarya you will say in there self, so please do not start, I said read one book of Babaj, so tomorrow onwards somebody is reading Mohit Bhattajarya, I am starting Mohit Bhattajarya, you will say no Babaj, so please do not read Mohit Bhattajarya, Mohit Bhattajarya is for your third level of studying, first level of studying is, second level of studying Aribam, third level of studying is Mohit Bhattajarya, then this because Henry is like a aspirant's book, he calls Henry is an in the master order, right, so some aspects in the class itself I will be giving you notes from all these books, do not worry, we will be studying all these books, I will be referring all these books I will be giving you notes, like Nicholas Henry first chapter there is something called evolution of public administration, so Nicholas Henry divides this evolution into six paradigms, six spaces, this is the most accepted evolution of public administration, Mohit Bhattajarya also will be referring in multiple papers, but I will not be telling this I am discussing Mohit Bhattajarya, this I am discussing somewhere else, no, this I will be discussing from a lot of papers interconnected, right, you can read it and thanks and whatever you have, but first I will say please class note, first you are thorough with the class note, you read any book you want, and then there is a basic book called Prasad and Prasad which you have to buy, Prasad and Prasad is for your administrative department, I told you know chapter 2, there are I think 10, 11 tingers you have to study, so this tingers is written in this Prasad and Prasad, this is one book you can buy, and if you want to buy book, buy Aribam right, Aribam you can buy, Mohit Bhattajarya also you can buy maybe a little later, right, first you buy Aribam Prasad and Prasad is enough for the time being, Mohit Bhattajarya also you have to buy, or take photos at whatever it is, then what is there, what is it know National Open University, so they have NPA, Master in Public Administration, not Bachelor Master course, they have some books, some books of NPA will be helpful, some books so these are the sources for paper one, paper two is nothing but as I told what you are you are going, eagerly waiting to do, what are you eagerly waiting to do, serve the society, so here we will learn about how India we are serving the society so, 14 chapters simple chapters, we will finish paper two, just like I am starting with paper two, so I will start with paper two, then we will go to paper one, right, we will start with paper two, we will finish this very fast, paper two, there are 14 chapters, first chapter is nothing but evolution when did public administration start as an activity, as a discipline I told you, when did it start Wilson, 1887 as an activity, when did it start, as an activity when did it start, as an independent maybe an activity have you heard about Ram Rajya Ram Rajya, I don't know whether it is there or not, but have you heard this concept called Ram Rajya, Adjip Pujit and all have come flop, but still even Ram Rajya had administration right, you study India history, you know ancient India right, what is the first civilization you study, Indus valley Indus valley also had administration, right baby cage also had administration Maurians also had administration Guptas also had administration so, when society came we don't know, from that time we have administration as an activity is as old as society we have started studying it very lately so, there are 2-3 people 2-3 areas, 3 specific areas we will study in Indian administration, first major book written on Indian administration was by a person called Kautilya he is popularly called Chanakya, Chanakya Artha Shastra right, so this Chanakya Artha Shastra is considered as a pre-tized best book on good governance administration so, we have to study about Kautilya and its Artha Shastra then the second major what you can call administrative example in India was Mughal administration right, Mughals had a very good administrative system that we will study and the third is British administration so, Indian administration history we will study 3 things one, Artha Shastra Kautilya was the minister of Chandragupta Maurya Maurya, so Mauryan administration Kautilya Mughal administration and British administration 3 things second chapter is called philosophy of Indian constitution again paper 2 we will start with paper 2 in the sense we have 2, polity we will start with constitution, so here also we will discuss constitutionalism what is constitution, constitutionalism all these things again everything is bureaucracy democracy, bureaucracy, development all the things is various in this what is again we have I think we are ready to discuss in the polity class what is constitutionalism constitutionalism basically means why we need a constitution what is constitution constitution is fundamental law of the land right, fundamental law of the land why we need a fundamental law as I said the government will change you know I think I would have given this example in the polity class like today green means go traffic light I gave an example green light means go, red light means stop, tomorrow government is saying red light means go, green light means stop they will do you know what if they change law every day we cannot live in the society so there should be some fundamental law which they are following so constitutionism is nothing but limited government we are limiting the powers of the government to do any random thing they have to govern according to the fundamental law of the land called constitution this is the basic concept of constitution so the philosophy all the things we will discuss in chapter 2 chapter 3 we will deal with one organization public organization in India called TSU what is TSU yes full form is public sector undertaking what is it what is public sector undertaking basically organization we can divide into public organizations and private organizations so basically this public companies right government also run certain companies example railway then Indian oil CPCL ONGC all these are you write these exams so people write the exam to get into the government services these companies which are run by the government is called TSU public sector undertaking so who manages this public sector again mostly the MD of the PSU will be an IS officer you are managing you have to make it profitable so that is why PSU is a chapter on the syllabus 4th chapter is 4th chapter is union government 6th chapter is state government 7th chapter is district administration district administration means who is the who manages district administration collector district collector, district collector's role all this we will study in the 7th chapter so this is again fully overlapping with the PSU syllabus quality syllabus you will study it in quality also some things we will study extra like when we study union government we will study something called cabinet secretary this is there not in there in the quality here we are studying a little bit of administration also there we are focusing only on quality part but legislature, executive, judiciary here we will discuss a little bit of administration also, cabinet secretary apart from that it is mostly overlapping executive, legislature, judiciary they are functioning working everything you can read from next week and so when I will tell you what we will be starting in the class you should read lexnikan then come those who are in the new how many of them july batch 1 you also you are from me batch so you both actually there is a book called lexnikan have you heard about lexnikan lexnikan is a book for Indian politics by that book and for Monday's class you just read the parliament chapter let us say after on parliament you may not understand 80% of it is okay just read and be familiar and others also read the parliament chapter when you come for the Monday's class and I will tell you what book to buy so first you can buy paper 2 book because you will be starting from paper 2 I will tell you the book so anyway 4th chapter is union government we are more central secretary etc. 6th chapter is planning again one major function you do is which is the most important planning in the body of India earlier it was planning commission now we have something called so we have the study about nothing but chapter 5 is nothing but media when was media I have formed when was media I have formed 2017 no 15 15 anyway when was the syllabus formed 2013 that time we still had planning commission so syllabus mentioned about all the things planning commission national development council all the things not 11 anymore now they ask questions only on media chapter 5 means media I have syllabus is different questions are different so we will discuss about planning in chapter 5 chapter 6 is state government chapter 7 is so here T secretary all the things will discuss chapter 7 is district administration role of collector the development planning when district administration chapter 7 8 is we are connecting it with paper 1 this we will discuss with the paper 1 there was one chapter called personal administration right personal administration in India is called civil services right so this paper 2 chapter 8 which is called civil services is nothing but personal administration in India personal administration in India is a chapter 8 civil services so what is the constitutional position recruitment how does it happen code of conduct good governments all the things we will discuss in chapter 8 chapter 9 we will again connect here we will study financial administration here and we will link it with India India financial management that is chapter 9 financial management budgeting parliamentary procedures accounting auditing TAG what is TAG who TAG comptroller and auditor general we audit things for the government so his role etcetera chapter 9 chapter 10 is administrative reform again we will link it with civil service T the civil service in the current form was formed when after independence in the current form but there only was you know it took the initiative to form the current civil service these the requirements of civil service between 47 same as 2022 civil service have to change right the changes we are bringing in the civil service is called civil service reform civil service reform this is one chapter civil service reform so major administrative reforms from independence what are the major changes which are comes to the administration then 11 is rural development 12 is urban development so in rural development we will discuss about panjai jiraj villages panjai jiraj 73rd amendment right and chapter 12 is urban development where we will discuss about 74th amendment and urban local bodies 13th chapter is low and order where we will discuss about basically police police administration in the country how police evolved how law or this laws national police investigative agencies police public relations basically this chapter is nothing but policing which is also a form of administration and the last chapter is a masala of a lot of the significant issues where they can ask any current affairs even though they have mentioned few things in the syllabus last chapter is a current affairs any thing in GS paper 2 can be asked here so they have no one topic significant issues values this is ethics values in public service is nothing but ethics regulatory commission regulatory commission means regulation I told in private sector I told you when private sector comes we need to monitor them so we have regulatory bodies like RDI tri telecom regulatory authority competition commission all these are regulatory bodies then NHRC what is NHRC human red commission this is again formed by the parliament to deal with human rights in the country again this is all in GS problems of administration in coalition what is coalition coalition means lot of parties coming together and forming the government so when the syllabus was formed in 2013 who was the prime minister one more thing and India was ruled by coalition from 1989 to 2014 India was ruled by coalition but for the last 10 years India was ruled by single parties again this is not very relevant but questions can come on administration in a single party government coalition this is no longer relevant administration in the face corruption again ethics disaster management this is again there in your GS paper 3 just disaster manager in your GS paper 3 in that bad also we will discuss disaster manager because why we have to study disaster manager because why two disaster managers avoid problems disaster problem they are also good The district collector is the head of district disaster management authority, DDMA, district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district management authority, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, the head of district collector is the head of district collector, is very difficult I saw the question paper, nothing I do even did I did not even understand the English of the question paper, do not tell me all the things right, so questions in the applied in little bit the terms because it is a even though it is a humanity subject there are certain things which are technical in the back right, we will discuss all this thing and it is up to so our plan is like next week we will start we will have three classes Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday after that we will probably break for a week and then after the second batch come you know their classes starting on 19th so maybe two days after that we will resume, next week we will just start paper 2 right, so I will ask them to form a if you have decided that you are joining public administration till the forms are joined, so whoever joined they will form a what is a group of public administration and there I will tell you what is the chapter I am starting on Monday right, we will start with is first step first day again it is like I will discuss the syllabus a little more detail right, we will just go into a little more detail of the syllabus every now I have just ran through the syllabus now first day we will deeply discuss because syllabus is extremely important you have to understand the syllabus then we will second day onwards we will discuss what we are discussing we will analyze on Monday, so next class will be generally our class time will be Monday to Friday 5.30 to 8 that will be the optional class time if at all we need any special class toward the end we might take Saturday started on Sunday generally you would not be there which is we can comfortably finish it from 5.30 to 8 so almost four months will be the class duration, so July you do not need to consider fully because we will be having only few classes all the September, October, November in between autumn will come, Vishu will come, Ramzan will come that already if you count maybe one more two more weeks it will extend right, so that is the course plan we will have around 90 classes will be there you know 90 you are taking two and half hours it will stretch 100 classes 100 plus classes will be there that is how 40 I mean 4 months every month approximately 20 classes he might get right in that case 5 months 4 to 5 months classes will be there, so this is the course plan we will cover the whole syllabus do not worry every every thing of the syllabus will be covered and then we will focus on the answer I think the class will this we will have class test but it will be there and after the problems we will have a proper test is also for all the things you can do after the problems you know