 Pacific story this is the story of the Pacific the drama of the millions of people who live around this greatest sea where the United States is now committed to a long-term policy of keeping the peace this is another public service of the national broadcasting company is the background story of the events in the Pacific and they're meaning to us and to the generations to come you haven't changed a bit what do you want to bet I'll give you one another couple years Shanghai I'll be back to normal out of fact things will be better what's changed or some of the buildings were smeared they've all been patched up the Wangpu River is still where it was before Suzhou Creek is in the same place the boon is still out on the waterfront the racecourse is still in the middle of the city the mansions and the circle sporty france are still out in French town and the Shanghai Club here still got the longest bar in the world so what's the eye just as I was telling them up in the Shanghai Club it won't be any time at all low until Shanghai is running just like it was before the war the war has changed many things mr. Whitfield never change Shanghai what did you bet you still bet on everything that's my life yes that was mr. Whitfield's life gambling I had known him ever since 1925 and he had been in Shanghai some times then he never worked he just gambled and he was everywhere betting on the horses at the racecourse betting on the tennis matches betting on the polo games talking with politicians and dignitaries and sometimes with shady characters at the society club scoring beautiful women to the country Columbia Club and to the little club and always eating at the finest place Shanghai is going to be one of the show places of the world low yes Shanghai will be an important city will be it is why you'll be back to normal in another couple years and one of the first things we gotta do is to get those state lotteries going again remember them low yes I remember them everybody was in on them yes the poor as well as the yes sometimes I can't make these Chinese out this guy low here for instance smarter Chinese as you'd meet anywhere scarlet you'd call him been getting himself mixed up in the revolution ever since I know him started a way back when he was a student right here in Shanghai and what's it got a crack scarlet couple of bullets through him some of these Chinese don't know when they're well off there you see low a lot of people are becoming to the audience and now that the war is over and a lot of them will be coming here that's why we've got to get Shanghai back on its feet you know commercially yes Shanghai so it's more than half of China and the more important half economically that's what I say low Shanghai is a big city about the sixth city and size of the whole world we should be a distinguished Chinese city well yes Chinese it is the main seat part of the whole gang see valley that is why it should be Chinese you Chinese are always quibbling Shanghai is a great city a great outlet for you what more do you want you could you imagine new Orleans being controlled by foreigners being an international city rather than an American city well that's a different thing low it is different only in the sense that new Orleans is not the only outlet for all the wealth of your great Mississippi Valley but Shanghai is virtually the only major seaport of the Yankee Valley and it is controlled by foreigners but it was the foreigners low who made Shanghai the foreigners the British came here during the open war in 1842 British warships British warships are lying in the screen below what they must have slipped in during the night come with me there they are sir with their guns pointing right at the foot that big one the steam vessel must have come around the Cape of Good Hope what shall we do sir our duty is to defend Shanghai here at Wuzong yes sir they are shooting at us the British warships blasted the Wuzong fort and then landed a thousand men to much overland the 12 miles to Shanghai by the time the ships move upstream to Shanghai the city had been taken by the troops great site for a city this situated here at the confluence of the Wangpu River and the Suchao Creek yes here we can command the entire Yankee that will mean control of most of the Yankee Valley that is what we must have on the Yankee our Navy can float our power can be seen and it's necessary to help my people were frightened and bewildered they watched the British movie and you gotta admit low that Shanghai never amounted to much before the foreigners came wasn't much more than a much less was it it was China's most important commercial city yeah but look what it is today it's got everything nightclubs well hotels eating places racetracks and in no time at all soon as business gets back on its feet it's gonna be just like it was before the war better yeah the British came here in the beginning for our markets to sell their goods they came as merchants and traders and they saw to it that the Chinese did not interfere with them the possibilities here are enormous here is a nation with a population nearly double that of all Europe and half of it is at our fingertips right here in Shanghai here the interior can be tapped tea gardens cotton lands the silk centers they wear the yanks millions of people of the great valley country can be reached to the products of Britain actually Shanghai is the seaport of the angsy and principle in four years after the British the Americans came then came the French and the other nationalities and they barred the Chinese from their international settlement they managed to keep the Chinese out for 10 years until the typing rebelling look here look here you have nowhere else to go but this is the international settlement you are we better just keep it to the land where else can we go this is Chinese fur that came up the road to the far east look here look here I say let us see, let us walk it, let us walk it, let us walk it the international settlement was no longer completely white but more and more westerners came as the years passed Englishmen and Americans and Frenchmen and all the others the Frenchmen built their own settlement the French concessions and here in French town the world of dual foreigners built their homes they made Shanghai a paradise for themselves but they did little about the slums where the arachid people live in squallow and soap and die in disease and misery you see low Shanghai is really a luxury center but best of everything based where people come to do business and find a little creation and now that the Japanese are moving out things should be better than ever before oh see that's what I mean this guy low has still got those revolutionary ideas on his mind funny thing about these Chinese it was his kind that were mixed up in that boxer rebellion back in 1900 and I foreign movements as they call them his kind never changed they were the ones that pulled off the revolution back in 1911 and no matter how tough the going is they keep on fighting yeah that's low here now if he used his head he could save himself a lot of trouble and make a nice thing for himself back in 1925 he was arraigning a cloud of Chinese students 90% of the population of Shanghai is Chinese and yet what voice do we have in the administration of our own affairs yes man five of the members of the municipal council of Britishers two are Japanese and two are Americans how many Chinese are there on the council we are packed by them and most of the revenue used by the councils who administer the affairs of Shanghai comes from us foreign warships lie in our harbor foreign police officers have been imported to control us foreign money triangle us but now we have the courage at last to rise up against this injustice our Chinese workers by the tens of thousands have gone on strike even some of the Chinese financiers and generals have joined us our fellow students have demanded the end of unequal clit and the end of exhaled and they have been thrown into jail I had just come in from the race course the mob of young Chinese would go along with them went to the Luzo police station they demanded the release of the Chinese students and somebody in that police station made a bad mistake the crowd scattered there were about 20 Chinese on the pavement some of them were dead some of them wounded one of them was just standing there as if he was dead I went up to him it was low blood was running out of his mouth and a big bloody blotch was forming on his shirt on his side low low you hit Mr. Whitfield he dropped to the pavement the crowd went wild all right all right clear the way clear the way is stand back to get these people picked up you get away from that man he's a friend of mine well what's he doing is I don't know must have just been passing this way he he works for me all right you lit about pick up this man no no no I'll take care of him well he's short what are you gonna do with him I'll take him out to my place you better he's not gonna last long it was touch and go with low for weeks even my doctor didn't know he was gonna make it but finally I I knew he was getting better by the way he talks yes Mr. Whitfield some of us were killed and a dozen at least and what did it get you we did not lose we have called the attention of the whole world to the wrongs of Shanghai listen though listen if you would have kept your mouth closed and minded your own business you wouldn't have got shot and neither would any of the rest sometimes one can do more by getting shot than by not getting shot sometimes I think you're crazy though we will make Shanghai a Chinese city don't be a sucker what are you gonna get out of it couple more bullets or a popper's grave the tie pants know their days are numbered I could have laid you a bet and giving you ours that the tie pants wouldn't budge it's out of the question the Japanese of Chinese rather objected because they said they didn't have any members on the council so we admitted three Chinese but they still weren't satisfied so we admitted two more but were they satisfied no now they're asking for more concessions but gentlemen I say the making of concessions to the Chinese is affinite to make any further concessions would be to give up the settlement and to do away with extra and that is out of the question but local never see it that way the writing is already on the wall for the tie pants the British control the gas and the waterworks and most of the transportation the Americans control the electricity the power and the communications and the opium well you know mr. Whitfield who controls that but in the last few years new industries have created a whole new working class in Shanghai and these workers someday will join with us against the tie pants that's the way he talks I took care of him until he was well I offered to use him in my business smart boy pleasant personality plenty of room for guys like him in my business in Shanghai but he couldn't see it and I guess maybe he didn't have a knack for it anyway he doesn't look much different today than he did then you know low a lot of water is going under the bridge in these last few years and it's time that you start thinking of taking care of yourself yes mr. Whitfield a lot of water has gone under the bridge mr. Whitfield has hardly changed he has always managed to live well I wonder where he could have been during these years he's a little greyer and a little puncture but he is dressed as well as he used to be when he was in the silk trade and in the opium trade he looks almost the same as he did at the time of the Shanghai war in 1932 something ought to be done about this Chinese boycott of Japanese goods they were antagonizing the Japanese that's what I say first thing we know they're going to involve Shanghai in the swivel of a manchuria of course and that's in the bar business Shanghai is neutral and it hasn't helped any to have junk I check send that Cantonese 19 through to army up here if the Japanese got it that we want to fight what we've got to do is to get at the Chinese of a heading up this boycott against the Japanese yeah they're the ones they keep yelling about the Japanese moving in on Manchuria why Manchuria is hardly been a part of China for years it's practically independent they won't listen to reason they can see what we've made of Shanghai the most modern the most cosmopolitan city in the Orient and yet they can't see that if they keep popping away at the Japanese that we're going to have trouble here oh I've talked to one of these Chinese until I'm blue in the face hello name low that guy low one day he called me an old China hand you know he meant that I've been out here in Shanghai for 35 years without learning Chinese and I said to him why should I learn Chinese Shanghai isn't Chinese that's what they don't understand and that's what makes this boycott business so dangerous they've still got the idea the Chianghai's Mr Whitfield and many of the other foreigners objected when the Japanese started using the international settlement at the military base but they said very little about the Japanese bombarding the Chinese section you see low that's what comes when you antagonize people you overlook Mr. Whitfield that the Japanese have literally stolen Manchuria we have no weapons to fight suddenly we have the right to boycott what good is it done you look look up there if you Chinese don't come to your senses those Japanese planes up there will be dropping bombs on you we cannot give in low low when are you gonna start using your head most of the foreigners of influence felt as Mr. Whitfield did it's an invasion brother 19th root army that's what it is exactly we ought to be thankful for the presence of Japanese troops they're the only protection we have against looting and heaven knows what else by the 19th Army what are these Chinese thinking of they want to make a battleground of Shanghai I say what's happening in Manchuria between the Japanese and the Chinese there's no concern of Shanghai's the Chinese don't seem to realize the Chinese 19th root army stood firm we cannot hold out against the Japanese law they are stronger in numbers in equipment than we are and we are isolated they are blasting the Chinese sections unmerciful can we get no help from the foreigners no the 19th Army resisted with all his strength but at last it crumbled and the Japanese spread their influence any schoolboy could have seen this coming why didn't the foreign forces join us against the Japanese the fighting took place in the Japanese defense sector didn't it besides this is not war some of the foreignness were more charitable in public but privately they express other opinions it was unfortunate and perhaps brutal but let us hope that it has taught the Chinese a lesson you know the war is over now and people want to forget about it pretty soon now tourists are going to be able to buy everything here in Shanghai that they bought before the war silk rugs George J things like that and a lot of other things yeah they'll be coming right into this waterfront here just as they used to do and there'll be plenty call for a man of your intelligence and your personality you know Shanghai and even if you're not interested in my line of business you can do pretty well for yourself I'm not thinking of myself Mr. Wittfield you think that by this time he'd get wise to himself after all he's been through at last we will stand up to the enemy I remember him saying that back in 1937 after that instant of the Marco Polo Bridge Shanghai Shaq means every word he has said about ordering the Japanese out of picking yes they will have to clear out of picking and tin thing or we will fight them with what look low this sort of thing all these these squabbles and local wars have been going on out here in China for centuries we can't stop them I can't and you can't think for you and I to do is to stick to our knitting we will fight now look look low don't you want all the rest of you go kicking up a disturbance here in Shanghai let's keep Shanghai out of us the time has come for us to make a stand well a bunch of us were sitting around in the bar at the cafe hotel talking in spite of everything we've done the fighting may break out here any minute naturally with the grain proof of Japanese warships that is in the worst of it those Japanese transports loaded to the gunners with fighting men that are heading here a problem would not have come if that Chinese sentry hadn't shot that Japanese offside near the Hongkou airfield what was he doing out there well what are the Chinese troops doing concentrating outstanding the militarized section in the suburbs so naturally a Chinese sentry is going to challenge the Japanese officer piling around an airport the whole thing was stupid say you hear that what sounds like bombers yes that's what it is come along let's go up to the speed we hardly got outside before the bombs began to fall those are Chinese bombers a Chinese bombers lost it the bombs came crashing down at the main intersection of the settlement where Nanking Road meets the boom right in the middle of all the people one of the cafe hotel where we just come from we scattered as fast as we could miss a whip deal miss a whip deal it was low miss a whip deal you better get out into the suburb out to where the Chinese troops are what's the matter with those pilots of yours are they going sane they are bombing the Japanese warships in the wampoo and the Japanese position and industry well they're hitting Nanking Road in the bund they are also hitting the Japanese you better go out behind our lines miss a whip deal I'll stay here Shanghai is being evacuated the next day the scramble started to get out of Shanghai thousands of Americans Britishers Frenchman Dutchman crowded aboard the line is goodbye to you which feels I'll see you here when it's blown over it will not blow away the Japanese should win they take over Shanghai and if the Chinese should win they would never permit us to come back I'll see you in the Shanghai Club when it's over goodbye son cheerio which we the Japanese troops ships landed their men the Japanese warships pulled up in the stream to shell the city the Chinese brought up reinforcements and planes from both sides loaded up with bombs and it came well it went on like that for three months and Shanghai fell and the Japanese took over I wondered what happened to Lowe I always wanted to ask you where did you go when the Japanese took over in 1937 I stayed with the Chinese troops until I saw you here again in 1940 you came back even though you knew if they recognized you they would have bumped you off what did you get that scar across your forehead okay Lowe you did your part for China you had to do that to get smart and you picked a great spot to come back to now the thing to do is to make the most of it Lowe I'll be glad to use my influence to help you get back on your feet thank you Shanghai was not a free and easy after the Japanese took the city but when I came back in 1940 Mr. Woodfield seemed to be prospering about as well as before the Japanese came many refugees came to Shanghai he made friends of them yes yes that can be fixed Fritz as suppose we have lunch at the Parisian if you do not mind couldn't be anywhere but the Parisian oh yeah yeah of course of course how about the Astor grill that would be much more satisfactory thank you Mr. Woodfield is a practical man in 1940 the Germans were winning in Europe and the Germans and the Japanese were drawing closer together the Japanese had taken over French town and they had one control of the Municipal Council gradually Mr. Woodfield was able to see the merits of the Japanese point of view but he was too practical to lose sight of the Western point of view America was not yet in the war I don't know what to make of this with you the United States is not actually thinking about giving up its rights in Shanghai is it not only the United States Britain too here it is they say that after the war they will be willing to negotiate for the relinquishment of extra territoriality and other so-called special rights what can they be thinking about that's what I say all we want for our investment is reasonable security at the least we can ask that's right we're not interested in throttling China do you think we are low China will not be interested in just a promise of willingness to negotiate extra when the boys over China want a promise that the Western nations will give up extravity low you're being unreasonable China's day was coming in 1940 the British and American citizens were streaming out Shanghai well he's the last British troops all British military forces have now been withdrawn from Shanghai and North China we are moving us up the stock support from Shanghai to Singapore they were leaving Shanghai like rats leaving a sinking ship by February 1941 most of the last two thousand five hundred American civilians were evacuated in 1942 the U.S. gave up its extra territorial rights we knew the showdown was coming between the United States and Japan you heard anything about the 750 U.S. Marines that are still here moving out low only the same rumors as you I think the time has come for me to leave mr. Whitfield left in September on Pearl Harbor Day the Japanese took over all of Shanghai the white man had been chased out of Asia it's been a long way to get back here to Shanghai low for years but we're back here again and that's what counts hello what are your plans now the peace has come and the Japanese have been thrown out I will continue to work for the same thing I have worked for all my life well stay out of trouble there is still much to do lay your bed Shanghai will be back to normal or better in another couple of years or perhaps well take care yourself low and say if you ever need any help come and see me you have been listening to the Pacific story presented by the national broadcasting company and its affiliated independent stations as a public service to clarify events in the Pacific and to make understandable across currents of life in the Pacific basin for a reprint of this Pacific story program send 10 cents in stamps or coin to University of California Press Berkeley, California may I repeat for a reprint of this Pacific story program send 10 cents in stamps or coin to University of California Press Berkeley, California the Pacific story is written and directed by Arnold Marquess the original musical score was composed and conducted by Thomas Paluso Sydney Miller played Whitfield Peter Chong played Lowell this program came to you from Hollywood this is the national broadcasting company