 You have the floor Thank you very much So the delegates of the diplomatic body and international organizations also to the distinguished participants from the government Today I'll be providing my remarks regarding Chile and the workshop we had recently regarding South American issues on human mobility and climate Next slide please If you think there's a common thread within what we're doing today as a government in Chile is to address inequality And also one of the main issues of inequality that we're facing today is environmental justice And this is a major source of conflict today and we feel that this also would entail climate issues Next slide please And I think President Bachelis says future generations will not only measure us by the environmental, by the economic development we reach But also by how we're able to face climate change She said that in the UN summit Next slide please And I just wanted to say this is brand new information we got from a survey we did nationally this last month regarding the support on climate change and awareness And today this is something that is very new We have a national survey that says around 86% of the people think that climate change is man made It affects our daily life today so it's not something that you could look into the future but actually today And in the last that came out of the slide it says that 78% of people say that it's our generation's biggest environmental challenge And I've done this type of survey before I was Vice Minister and these are numbers that are consistent actually a little bit higher So we have large support and we are called to action within our own constitution Next slide please If you look at obviously just going through some general data obviously today this is based on observations James Hansen's paper on 2012 Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences showing that temperature frequency of extreme events are much higher And this means that today the area that is under heat anomalies for example covers 10% of the global area, land area Whereas 50 years ago this used to be only 0.2% So this means that in terms of observation extreme weather is much more common Next slide please And obviously if you look into different emission scenarios than using the ensemble global circulation models for the IPC report the fifth assessment You can see that this shows that there will be an increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation in many locations in South America And this will have an impact Next slide And if we look at Chile's economy, Chile's economy is there's large issues on the vulnerability towards climate change on mining Today mining projects are largely having a supply from water desalination and this drives up energy demand and is also a recipe for social conflict Agriculture today will be affected We have a decrease of up to 15% of precipitation according to our regional climate models Our water sources are coming from the Andes Mountains and this also will be affected and also environmental health overall will be affected So we are economically, socially and environmentally vulnerable towards climate change Next slide please And if we start looking into specifics this is something that in the north of Chile is a common issue And there's a lot of reform going on within our government today to address this issue Today our water sources are coming mostly from a snowpack in the Andes Mountains So as the isotherm of the zero temperature isotherm shifts the amount of water that we could hold is much smaller and as the glaciers to retreat Also our natural reservoirs are also affected And also there's an increase of the extreme events and if you look at during the driest season the driest season will actually be longer And the flows will be smaller Next slide please And if you look across most of our different northern Chile or central Chile or southern Chile This is something that we are going to see much more normal And this right now at this point we're doing a large reform on our water rights framework And also we're working on glacial framework to protect glaciers within our law that does this all together Next slide please So Chile you know overall I came from the academic side before and I was much more critical But before but in the end to be truthful I think if you look around and if you look at other action of other countries obviously we have been pretty active And one of the things that we have been doing is working on this national climate change adaptation plan And this biodiversity area agency that we're going to be generating within this next government and this glacier protection law Which is something that really is a big challenge since we will have to have a consultation between one of our major activities which is mining And obviously water resources so this is going to be not without conflict But we're looking for in terms of mitigation more ambition regarding to our commitment in Copenhagen of 20% with respect to the business as usual by 2020 Next slide please And one of the things that I just wanted to say that sort of goes with this issue of environmental justice And I guess we weren't able to frame it as well as the climate reality project in terms of what we were doing We're collecting tax on power generation with local and global pollution We're basically going from five tons of dollars per ton of CO2 and with a variable cost of externality Estimated on the health effects on the population that's exposed to a large power plant So and the funding will go to actually one of our main reforms which is the educational reform So inequality is still an issue that we will address in this case within the polluter pays principle Next slide please And this will reduce our emissions by 11% with our power sector by 2030 I think it's a good balance carbon tax that we're putting together Next slide please And we also did one on our fee bait system except we didn't have a rebate on the car So we will tax cars based on their fuel efficiency and their NOx emissions Correcting some of the other taxes that we've seen abroad that have led to larger diesel NOx emissions So we were looking to actually fund some of our programs within these carbon taxes on the transportation and generation sector Which are the ones that we project to have the largest increase within the next years Next slide please And just a thing on energy today clean energy is being much more the norm than the exception And we President Bachelet says we need energy for growth but we need this energy to be sustainable Otherwise we are putting at risk the future of future generations Next slide please And so just to show you a little how fast things are going Almost a little bit more than a year ago we put solar PV system on our government headquarters The campaign headquarters and six months later, nine months later We're actually installing what seems to be the most common thing Week by week we're installing what is called the largest regional, largest national, largest something PV system and which is really great because it's growing and growing And if you look into the general numbers, next slide please We are and this is something that the US has done, this is something that China has done But she is also doing today, we actually to the date we have installed the same Installed capacity of all our renewable energy to date So this is a very good economic activity associated to renewable energy Next slide And obviously we see that there's some great activity going on internationally Like we are building momentum for an international agreement with the addition of China and the US To be with the intention to be looking into an international climate deal Next slide So and just something that we do lead regionally in South America as principle 10 Which has to do with this migration and climate change issue We believe that we need to promote environmental justice through participation and access to information And one of the access of information is to have people know what the impacts of climate change will be to their own community So they could prepare and this is done with a lot of transparencies We adhere to many transparencies of law, law transparencies So therefore all our activities are under public scrutiny and we believe that's very important All our environmental emissions, all our air quality, everything is out in the open And anybody in Chile could access that information And I usually respond to those requests myself Next slide please So in October 28th we did a workshop in South America on climate change and immigration And we had multiple ministries ranging from different topics For example the environment, foreign affairs and obviously ministries of health Because we need to be looking into health issues and the spread of disease within climate change obviously And we have to also acknowledge that South America has a large urban population But very segregated with a lot of inequality And this makes natural disaster management more difficult to be reaching the most vulnerable communities Next slide And some of the recommendations that came from this was to first off better understand the interaction between immigration and climate change Today for South America we still are in the headlines stage of what we believe the link could be And we do need to have better numbers on the table regarding this link between immigration and climate change We need to have common terminology speaking the same thing We need to raise awareness regionally on the issue We need to be looking at the other social and economic drivers for immigration today Because obviously there's confounding variables so we can really identify what is the signal related to climate change And we need to identify which is the most vulnerable population within the immigrant sector Next slide please And so we also need to be looking at have better policy in terms of immigration and climate change And this really is going to be related to our sustainable development goals And we need to be looking obviously into the fighting inequality and the eradication of poverty But also we need to have better capacities on natural disaster management This is something that we are developing and I think probably the overall in South America there is much to be gained In terms of capacity building on natural disaster management and humanitarian relief And also we need to be also supportive of protecting the climate immigrants or immigrants overall rights That's a picture of the fire that we had in March 2015 in Valparaiso And we can see how vulnerable a whole large population could be to this fire Due to bad land use planning we had thousands of people displaced due to this fire Next slide please And so overall we need to acknowledge that our urban areas are vulnerable to climate change And land and water scarcity Overall we have an issue of inequality, poverty, and zones that are vulnerable to adaptation I mean that are difficult to make adaptation measures be adopted And we need to actually address this issue on a more national, regional scale With the Mercosulina Sur and CELAC frameworks Because it's something that may not be on our larger policy makers radar Next slide please And so finally we need to know that we are vulnerable to climate change as a region For multiple reasons Mostly inequality and poverty makes us more vulnerable to this The way that our cities are laid out makes segregation, mountains, rains, water availability, and coastal cities Make this area also very vulnerable to climate change And we need to make adaptation be implemented We need to promote the better understanding regarding the climate and immigration link And we also need to be looking keenly into issues regarding natural disaster management on the immigrant population That's all