 Okay All right, so in 2002 we kind of noticed that the forage oat trowel here had some regrowth now It didn't necessarily look like there was going to be enough Material out there to go out and take a second hay crop But if you had a fence or could put up a hot wire quite easily There was definitely enough Material there for us to to do some grazing we had also so We took the for a jolt variety trial in 2003 and We harvested it was planted on May 2nd and we harvested it at the early milk stage on It had been in mid-July and So we took off about three tons per acre As for jotes and then we noticed that we had the regrowth and we let that go and in the middle of August we came back and We quantified that so we know how much material was out there in case somebody did actually want to turn cows out and And graze almost half a ton of leaf production again. This is dry matter And look over at the far right you can see that We average between about a ton and three quarters to just over a ton and a quarter of Leaf production over the season and we did take and dig up a portion of the turnips to get a root yield and We see that the one purple top which Kevin had talked about earlier does quite a bit of root production compared to some of the other ones We pulled off a ton of roots in the purple top and a ton in the quarter in the globe turnips Now here's the trial that we really thought saw real good fit for livestock producers It's a forage old trial and at the same time we under-seeded it with a bunch of different Other crops if we go down a list we just use Paul oats because like Paul gives you good quality forage Then we under-seeded it that bark Bark ant is a turnip The barnapoli is a rape The Bernina is a vetch the Bernie Nova is a vetch Dwarf Essex is a rape Green spirit is Italian rye grass Puna is chicory and that's in the looks like the it's in the dandelion family, so it looks like giant dandelion leaves Purple top is a turnip and then we also did the winter cereals winter rye winter spelt winter triticale and winter wheat so This was planted May 13th our first harvest was on July 11th, and that was fully headed oats and We got about two and a half tons per acre off as as oat hay Now we did have a little bit of regrowth Our next harvest Was on August 19th the oats that were left or early milk stage And if you see at the very top row that Paul oats, we had about half a ton of Oat regrowth So all the numbers below that anything above that half ton is what that under-seeded cover crop Produced so some of them look pretty promising that turn up there. We got another almost, you know Not quite half a ton Winter triticale we got almost half another half a ton out of it Then We let this grow again, and we took a third harvest October 10th Which is you know you could take cows off a pasture then when your forage quality is going down And we could turn them out onto This trail now we did get some things that did not survive and did not regrow for this third third harvest but That bark nap turn up. We had another three quarters of a ton and yield out of it the door Fessex rape. We got point five eight tons Here's a pretty interesting one that Italian ryegrass. We all got almost another ton of production from August 19th to October 10th and Then the winter cereals looked pretty promising as well. We got three quarters of a ton and a forge with the rye 0.6 tons with the spelt half a ton with the winter triticale and Three quarters of a ton with the winter wheat so over at the right column We'll give you a total total yield for all three cuttings for the different treatments Now interesting thing that like Kevin pointed out here. We didn't We did look at the next season Just to see how many of these things would over winter because we do have some biennials in here And we have the winter cereals But we did take this at October 10th, and we did cut it down at But two inch cutting height so we didn't have much residue left out there to over winter So the only thing that did over winter was the winter rye And we were able to harvest that mid-June and we pulled off between a ton and three quarters and two tons of rye forage the next season and that would have been you would have had time to Go in and plant another annual forage. You could have potentially tried a late season soybean or Sunflowers, but Kevin did mention the allelopathic effects of rye. So we didn't We didn't do that. That's something we're going to try and look forward to in the future Another good fit, especially if you guys grow field peas and aren't totally averse to tillage is what my boss Blaine likes to call a field pea relay cover crop and We come in after you combine And we'll do light disking on the peas so you're going down probably about two inches of the harrow and This slide here shows a survey of three fields in 2008 there's different fields that were seed field pea seed production fields and we just went in a distum after combining and we came back and We take a biomass sample usually between oh the 10th to 20th of October and We got 3,000 pounds on one field where we had a little more throw over with the combine One field that was really quite clean very little throw over in the combine We had 1500 pounds of production and then I kind of an average one there we had 1800 pounds almost 1900 pounds of production and With the protein content averaging well the total nitrogen not protein the nitrogen content in this Residue or above-ground growth was about 4% so we ended up with 130 pounds of nitrogen 63 pounds 70 pounds of nitrogen produced in just the above-ground portion of those Plants if you look at the handout our previous speaker had later on he sheds a lot more information on this material He shows a lot of the roots we have tremendous nodule nodulation in these plants Probably three to four times as much nodulation as you get in your spring spring Your actual grain crop that you took Now we've been doing this for quite a few years our four-year average on all these different pea fields is running right at a ton and acre produced each year One year we took a 16 acre field and we fence that the Peas were harvested August 10th. They were disked on the 20th on the October 15th We turned in 52 cows for and we grazed them for 21 days and Their estimated dry matter production per acre was 2800 pounds and Kevin gave you a lot of the forage quality on this So these past two seasons we turned around and we put a test crop on top of this We had Field peas that we didn't do anything to and then we had two different rates Basically the one was a pretty clean field at six Six seeds per square foot as if you know if you do a pretty good job of setting the combine And if you want to do a little more cover crop or you're like me you don't set the combine quite as good as you probably could We get a little over a ton of production in that scenario Total nitrogen produced above ground when we don't do anything you're looking at 13 pounds That lower seeding rate we produce 72 pounds of nitrogen and the higher seeding rate Produce 88 and a half pounds of nitrogen now the next column is just how green this machine measures the greenness the leaves and it's supposed to correlate with the amount of Nitrogen in the plant, but what the most interesting thing is is what everybody's most interested in is our yield so if we didn't do anything to the peas we Had a 54 pound wheat if we incorporate it at that low lower seeding rate We ended up with 56 and a half pound or bushel peas And in the higher rate we had almost 60 bushel peas Wheat, sorry. Sorry. Thank you I'm gonna move forward those are the two things that I look I see a lot of potential for I'm gonna go over some of the Trials that we had here at Carrington this season This first one is what we call the USDA cover crop trial. This would have been drilled directly after wheat harvest and It got to be a little late here So this was seeded about the 27th of August and we had different treatments to be black lentil At 40 pounds we had oats at 58 pounds an acre The German foxtail mill at 30 pounds cow peas at 40 pounds Radishes at 6 pounds and then we had these diverse mixtures and This past season we got them in kind of late at that Third week of August and we were cool and we were dry here at Carrington and you can see Our production here per acres is quite low In October we went out and took a sample and they range anywhere from 18 to 430 pounds and The November column we did not We did not go back and harvest the same Area we've came back and and took a different area so it's not it's not a combination of the two and it shows you Just kind of how it wasn't exactly uniform across there and we had little or no Dry matter game from October through November just is cold and we had snow here at Carrington we had another trial right next to that where we looked at different seeding timings and It was the same scenario. We seeded cover crops at at the five to six leaf stage at Heading on the wheat and then we went in that was a broadcast seeding and we came in and Drilled directly after harvest same time frame as this trial Basically the same mixtures and kind of the same results. It was just kind of a poor year here at Carrington it was just dry and cool and very little production Ron Weirholt is looking at Did a couple of demonstrations here and also at Burley County and we're able to get some good pictures of how this might Might look he's looking at Drilling cover crops between the rows on soybeans and and corn and Susan musk musky of Dickey-Lemore County He was able to give us some real nice pictures on how that looked ours Were pretty scraggly. They looked at the timing of V5 corn Which is about the last time you could cultivate it or the last time you could get through here with a planner without snapping it snapping them off Soybeans they're trying to do it just prior to leaf drop and there's different methods that you can do we in this scenario We drilled everything I've seen it broadcasted and I've seen guys Aerial seeded in other parts of the country Ron also has a study with SDSU Stutzman County in Burley County They're looking at what they're calling precision cover crops. They're trying different cover crops at different Well, they're testing it over different positions in the landscape and seeing if there's any effect there on the cover crop production as well as the crop production and they had limited cover crop production this year and As they would expect their corn test crop, you know, it did poorest on the summit You know wasn't too bad on the back slope and their best yields were on the toe slope where they had more what the most moisture This one's pretty busy It's just something we came up with Since salinity seems to be a big issue as well we could also look at these in a you know a PP a prevent plant acre scenario, so we did a large cover crop demonstration on a couple saline sites and Foster and Stutzman County and numerous numerous Different types. We've got legumes both perennial and annual warm seasons and cool seasons and then we have Broadleafs as well both cool and warm season broadleafs and then annual grasses as well both warm and cool seasons and Here's a Here's a picture of the trial. This is right south of the Buchanan bar right there off east of highway 281 This is facing Southwest looking over the trial towards the town of Buchanan and The interesting thing that we found there as far as the cover crop goes is that the barley sugar beets and Mangles which are an unimproved sugar beet. They were our best best production And they were able to successfully establish in ecs from five and a half to six and This coming season we're going to repeat this study and we're Unfortunately this last season we did not clip Biomass production this coming season we will and with that I'd be happy to try and answer any questions And anyone has Yes, sir No, no the question was did we use any chemical weed control on the forage oats? No, we did not None whatsoever How expensive is the sugar beet seed? Well ours wasn't too expensive because they gave us old seed and the germ doesn't hold Very well from what I understand the sugar beet seed. So we got two and three year old seed and We did a germination test ourselves to try and figure out You know because it wasn't even remotely close to what the bag said it was going to be So it was 40 40 to 50 percent in the bag said it was supposed to be 90 but prices I Will look that up for you. I don't know. Do you know off the top of your head Tim? Okay, Tim said it's he's had experience with it in this old sugar beet seeds running about a buck a pound he said Yeah, if you can find it are there any questions from out in the different sites Okay. All right. Thank you for the opportunity