 Hello. I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education. I am Dr. Rathni Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanna Girls 2D College, University of Allahabad. And in the series of discussion over educational thinkers, today I am going to discuss educational views of Dr. Sarvapalli Radha Krishnan. Or you can say Radha Krishnan's educational philosophy. Okay. And the lecture reading bilingual mode and it is, it is useful for various examinations as well as for your regular courses, your professional courses. Okay. Let's start. First of all, Radha Krishnan, sir, we know in this form that he is the President of India, he is the President of India, he is the President of India. Few people know the history of education in his form, but I think everyone knows that education is celebrated in the form of his birthday. It is September 5th. It was his wish, it was his wish that his birthday should be celebrated in the form of his birthday, so you don't know how deep his relationship with education would be. So, let's start with education according to him. Education according to Dr. Sarvapalli Radha Krishnan is a quiring of knowledge. Okay. He had the right to knowledge beyond what is academic and professional. I mean, this is not just book knowledge, it is just professional knowledge. He felt that education should be neither bookish learning nor memorizing of facts and articles. According to him, he felt that education should not be limited to books and neither should it be just some articles and articles. Stuffing the mind with information unrelated to life. Okay. You have filled your mind with facts, articles, bookish learning, which has nothing to do with life. That is not education. It is also not memorization of thoughts of others and reproducing those in examinations to get diplomas and degrees for jobs. He said that education is not about remembering or remembering other thoughts and you reproduce them in examinations and you get degree diploma. So, what is education? Education is the assimilation of values and ideas for character building. He said that this is the assimilation of values and ideas for character building. And preparing to face life's challenges. And we are ready to face the challenges we are going to face in life. If education does not build wisdom and humanity in the hearts and minds of men, all its professional, scientific and technological triumphs would be meaningless. He said that if education does not build wisdom and humanity in the hearts of men, all its professional, scientific and technological triumphs would be meaningless. So, what is education? Education is the enlightenment of soul that dispels ignorance and eliminates individual. Education is the enlightenment of soul that dispels ignorance and eliminates individual. And his famous definition is quoted that education to be complete. If we want to see education in a human form, it must be humane. It should be human. It must include not only the training of the intellect, but also the refinement of the heart and the discipline of the spirit. It should be the practice of our heart. It should be the practice of our soul. No education can be regarded as complete if it neglects the heart and the spirit. Mahatma Gandhi also talked about the head, heart and hand. He is saying that education will not be complete until it neglects the heart and soul. He is saying that his contribution to education is unique and irreplaceable. He did not change his contribution to education. He had false hand experience of education institutions and their multi-faceted problems. You must know that the chairperson of the first university education commission, he has a great contribution to education. He had many problems with the first hand experience of many institutions. He saw how they would get rid of the problem. He was a VC of many universities. He was also invited to foreign universities to give his lecture. He was a student of philosophy. Despite of his being a great philosopher, he saw life from very close quarters and saw it full. He had a great contribution to education. He felt that he was connected to the earth. He said that education is a great instrument of social emancipation. He taught us to be free of social evils. We should know that when he was talking about social evils, he understood that social evils had changed. It strengthens democracy to establish, preserve and protect the spirit of equal freedom and equal rights among men, regardless of race, religion, sex, occupation or economic status. He said that education strengthens democracy to establish, and equal freedom and equal rights among men, regardless of race, religion, sex, occupation or economic status. He said that equal opportunity does not mean identical opportunity. We are talking about equity and equality. He said that equality does not mean that everyone has to be equal. It means the equal availability of education for every person to the extent he can profit from it. And of a kind, best designed to ensure his maximum development because maximizing differences of ability, aptitude and improvement. He said that equal opportunity means equal availability of education. He said that equal opportunity means equal availability of education. He said that equal opportunity means equal availability of education. Education and philosophy are inextricably related to every society. We say that education and vision are connected to each other. Education and vision are connected to each other. Education is the source of the soul. Education is essentially a socio-philosophical enterprise. There are many attempts to solve educational problems without wisdom and power of philosophies, inextricably deemed to failure. He said that education is a social and social enterprise. He said that if you want a specific solution, then without wisdom, if you think in a certain way and if you include vision in it, then it will fail. If we look at the concept and function of education, he said that education is training of intellect, heart and spirit. There should be humanism and democracy. We should develop scientific spirit, human values, spiritual values. We should have a capacity for discernment, and we should have a capacity for education and institutions to preserve the spirit of youth. If we look at the philosophical aspect of education, then philosophy and education are closely related to each other. There is a fact too well known to need any deliberation. We have already talked about this. We all know that fiction and vision are closely related to each other. They are even inseparable. You cannot separate them. Two notions, philosophy and education, like the two sides of a coin, present different views of the same things. The one side of the coin, like the two sides of a coin, present different views of the same things. The one is implied by the other. The simple meaning of the term philosophy is laws of knowledge. What can we say? What is the definition of knowledge? Plato said in his republic, he who is philosopher, he who has love of every sort of knowledge and who is curious to learn and is never satisfied. No one can do what he wants. A philosopher is the philosopher. Dr. Radha Krishnan was an idealistic philosopher. Dr. Radha Krishnan was a philosopher who was the idealistic philosopher who was believed in the existence of God as the ultimate cause to explain the cause of phenomena. He believed in the existence of God and that he had the need to overcome everything. Radha Krishnan has thought about the combination It will fulfill the modern aim of education that is all around the development of this type. If we talk about the aims of education, then it is possible that the function of education is the same as the aim. But you should also know that Dr. Radhakrishnan believes that the educational system must find its guiding principles in the aims of the social order for which we are going to prepare. And in the nature of this realization, it hopes to build. He said that social philosophy is clear in education. He said that he has to do what he wants to do to instill the belief that life has a purpose. We can trust that life has a meaning, an aim, and that it does not live an aim. We cultivate the wisdom to awaken the innate ability to live a soulful life. He said that he should awaken the inner self, to prepare for the democratic process. He said that he should prepare for the democratic process. Self-improvement is a skill that maybe we can learn. We can do our own work. To become in touch with one's cultural heritage. We should stay connected with our cultural heritage. The true aim of education should be the production of individuals harmoniously in character and creative influence. According to curriculum, more or less, he is talking about a holistic curriculum. He is talking about NEP 2020. He is saying that according to Dr. Radha Krishnan, there are three types of existence. The natural, the social and the spiritual. He is saying that there are three types of existence. There are practical, social and spiritual. And they are all connected. He is saying that you can read it. He needs to read it completely. It is written that science and technology are giving us a different kind of knowledge. Art and aesthetics are giving us a different kind of knowledge. He is saying that we are giving a different kind of knowledge. The different studies should be treated as part of a whole. He is talking about holistic education. He is talking about a holistic curriculum. He said that it is either to think that science gives us a particular knowledge, art gives another and literature gives yet another. It is one individual whole, indivisible whole with a particular spiritual direction. It means that all the knowledge is taking us towards the same God. Because he was idealistic. That is why he said this. Then for discipline, he says that we should have self-discipline. A free society is composed of free citizens. Freedom is not simply the absence of external control. It is a very big thing. We do not understand the children of today's society. It does not mean that we have been removed from the system. We are free. Our internal control is something that we do not do in any way. Freedom is an inward quality. He is saying that our education should encourage the development in its members of the fearlessness of mind. We should not talk about fear, strength of conscience, integrity of purpose. Any intellectual progress would demand a spirit of free enquiry. He says that if we give a very good example, then it is important that we enquire freely. Then we will be fearless. So all education is expected to be liberal. He says that all the knowledge is removed. That knowledge is the one that is removed from us. From whom? From science, prejudice, unfounded beliefs. Okay. Character building. Radhakrishnan advocated character formation to be named paramount importance. It necessarily involves practice of virtue and goodness. It does not mean that there is no education without our character. We are teachers. We do not know much about our character. So we are teachers. According to him, the development of personality is more significant than the accumulation of intellectual tools and academic knowledge. He says that your personality is the biggest thing. You have a lot of degrees. You have a lot of intellectual tools. Okay. He said that the development of that bent of mind, attitude of reason, spirit of democracy will make responsible citizens for our country. And this can only be done through education. In his education, he said that he gave strength to his three teachers. He said that he has his role. Women are the missionaries of civilization with their immense capacity for self-deprecation. And they are the unquestioned leaders in AIMSA. See, AIMSA was the leader at that time. At that time, he was the leader of the independent government. He said that it is important for women to be educated. No society can progress satisfactorily with the backwardness of women. He said that no society can progress without the education of women. Why? Because the child learns from the mother. And the role of teacher, he said a lot about this. The kind of education that we provide for our youth is determined overwhelmingly by the kind of men and women with secured as teachers. I mean, the child imitates his education very much, follows it. So, if you have good education, then you should give good education and become a good teacher. Teacher is the cornerstone of the art of education. Really, without quality, teachers in education, institutions, curriculum, teaching aids, educational planning, etc. are meaningless. I mean, you have made a very good planning. The curriculum is very good. The teaching aid is very good. I mean, it is a very good building. And if the teacher is not good, then it is a very good level of education. We have to translate that too. The teachers are respected in their society because they have told their students about Teachers Day. They said, he must himself be a master in the field of studies. He must be a master. In the latest development, he should upgrade himself. He said, who are the teachers? They are removers of spiritual blindness. They will remove the spiritual wisdom within us. They will... sorry. Reservoirs of new spirit. Our new soul will create a new generation, it has a lot of followers. And it was a tradition of Radhakrishnan who had such a good education. And if we want to conclude, this is a very great scholar. The scholar, Nehru, has mentioned that he has served his country many capacities. He was a Rajshri husband, he was a Rajshri wife, he was chairing education commission, he was a VC of different universities. So he has served many countries. He is the master of words and no words. He had those words. There is no word to describe him. George P. Conker is saying that among the philosophers of our time, no one has achieved so much in so many fields as having Sir Vapalli Radhakrishnan of India. He is saying that no one has achieved as much as Kaleen has achieved. Paul Arthur's tip says that it would be possible to find the most excellent example of a living bridge between the East and the West. He was a philosopher. So Eastern philosophy, Indian philosophy, he has done a great contribution in front of the West. Radhakrishnan is widely regarded as one of India's brightest and most prominent comparative religion in philosophy. In both India and the West is the defense of Hinduism. How good it is against uninformed Western criticism. The criticism that the West criticizes Hinduism has a significant impact. He is regarded as making Hinduism more approachable to a Western audience. He approached the West so that he could understand what Hinduism is. It was a great contribution. He was a great teacher. He said very good things. Radhakrishnan, you must have understood the philosophy. Now I have covered all the educational thinkers in my head. So learn, watch, learn and do good in your examination. So done from my side. Thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel too.