 Shankar IAS Academy. Admissions open for UPSC Coaching 2021-22. Classes starts on June 28th. Admissions contact 766776626. Good evening everyone. Welcome to the Hindi news analysis brought to you by Shankar IAS Academy. Here are the list of news articles chosen for discussion today and our video is timestamped for your convenience. Let's take up this news article. So this is based on this data point article which reports about districts caused by unemployment and localized lockdowns among people. So in this light let us see in brief about unemployment and also the important points mentioned in the data point. Syllabus covered by this data point article is highlighted below for the aid of aspirants. So as we know employment in simple terms refers to state of having a paid job. So on the contrary unemployment is said to occur when a person who is actively searching for employment is unable to find work and know that unemployment is a key economic indicator because it signals the ability or the inability of workers to readily obtain gainful work to contribute to the productive output of the economy. So more unemployed workers means that less total economic production will take place compared to otherwise and remember unemployed workers still need to maintain at least subsistence consumption during their period of unemployment. So they need money for that and this means that an economy with high unemployment will have lower output without a proportional decline in the basic need for consumption. So the output is less the consumption need is more so there is a demand supply mismatch which is being created because of unemployment in the economy. So this is the larger picture that the unemployment may create on the economy. So that said let us know that unemployment is categorized into four main types. The first one is frictional unemployment the second is cyclical unemployment third is structural and fourth is institutional unemployment. So let's go over it one by one. First is frictional unemployment. Frictional unemployment occurs when people voluntarily change their jobs within an economy. So when a person switches between one job to another there is a small interregnum so that is what is called as a frictional unemployment. For those aspirants who have left their previous job and preparing for the UPSC exam they are supposed to be frictionally unemployed right now all right. So usually this type of unemployment is very short lived and it is the least problematic for an economy. Next is cyclical unemployment. This is quite significant. This refers to the variation in the number of unemployed workers over the course of economic upturns and downturns. For example fluctuation in oil prices may lead to loss of jobs for some. Usually such unemployment rises during recessionary period and declines during periods of economic growth. So as you can see these unemployment patterns keeps in line with the cycles of the economy thus justifying their names. So next comes the structural unemployment. This occurs as a result of technological change in the structure of the economy in which the labor markets operate. So when a human labor is replaced by machine and technology it leads to unemployment. However retaining these workers can be little difficult costly and time consuming as well and India is said to be facing the threat of structural unemployment in the near future with the technological advancements. So keep that in mind. Finally it is the institutional unemployment. So this results due to long term or permanent institutional factors and incentives in the economy and the government policies, labor market phenomena and institutions contribute to this kind of unemployment. So adding to these another type of unemployment is the disguised unemployment which is prevalent in India's agricultural sector. So it occurs when productivity is very low and too many workers are filling too few jobs. Similarly when there is no work to do on farms people go to urban areas and look for jobs and this kind of unemployment is known as seasonal unemployment. So remember these two other types of unemployment as well and remember this about this guy's unemployment say consider a work say it can be completed by five people. But what will happen is this work will have six to seven people working on this particular work. So the amount of money that is being paid to the laborers is being divided into six or seven rather than being divided into five. So the labor that is being paid to these people has it gets reduced as well. So this is a factor of disguised unemployment which you may have to remember. So with this broad overview on unemployment let us come back to the data point. See according to the report submitted by the standard workers action network around 92 percentage of the workers never received any wages from their employers since the lockdowns that were imposed during the second wave of COVID-19. So this was based on the data gathered from distress calls and as per the data around 34 percentage of workers were not paid their dues for their work before the lockdown while around 15 percentage of them managed to receive them only partially. And also remember that most of the distress calls were made because of the unavailability of work pending wage payments and depleting savings. And these are some of the important points from the article. Note down some of the important facts which we saw in the later half of the discussion. These can be very useful for your mains preparation and mains answer writing. So with these take away details in mind let us move on to the next part of the discussion. Now look at this news article. This article is regarding the impact of pandemic related lockdown on the mental well-being of children. Few days ago we saw about the mental well-being post lockdown for the entire population but this is being specific for children. Besides analyzing the impact few suggestions are provided in order to reduce the impact of pandemic related lockdown. So let us look at it in detail. Here is the syllabus that is relevant to this article. First let us know the prevailing situation at the time of pandemic related lockdowns and restrictions. See children have been mostly indoors for over a year and as a result they are having very little opportunity to stimulate their active minds. See recently I had a chance to interact with few mothers who have very young kids and what they said is in the initial stages when the child goes out and interacts with his or her peers their social skills gets sharpened their cognitive skills get sharpened and because of this lack of interaction the children who otherwise can be active are not being active which hinders their cognitive development and if you note that in the current situation most of the families are nuclear with one or two children so a child gets an opportunity to interact only with the one or two child the fellow sibling. So with this little pace for cognitive development children have been attending online classes also as the schools are shut down and attending online classes has led to the weakening of children's curiosity to learn because that keeps on going that keeps on playing on the screen but then the child finds it difficult to concentrate and it has been reported that children are found to be demotivated and disinterested in learning through the online classes and the author of this article being a counselor this has registered that children of age group of four to six are finding it hard to focus during the online classes and in addition to this there are other major concerns such as screen addictions challenges to parental care etc and alongside these impacts the article highlights the limiting the use of online time can lead to significant reduction in loneliness and depression and till now we saw how children are affected due to the online classes now let us know what are the impacts of the lockdown on the overall education system and remember that the online medium of education is a new system for the schools also and for the teachers also and the teachers are finding it difficult unable to keep track of the child's activity in a continuous manner because it is challenging for the teacher itself to engage with the technology in the first place and after engaging with the technology the teacher has to interact with the children and in the other end the child is continuously distracted is not interested in the class the teacher child dynamics is affected right and secondly it is regarding the difficulty faced by the teachers and the schools in assessing the child's academic performance see online tests and assessments cannot be monitored every time right there are instances where children are found cheating during text this happens even when child goes to the school very regularly right hence there are many gaps in the system that are yet to be addressed and thirdly absence of engagement with students who need greater care has become a problem see during the offline mode of education teachers used to give special attention to certain students so this attention is provided especially to students who face learning difficulties learning disorders and this in turn will improve their learning capabilities and the outcome but such special care hasn't been possible during the pandemic related lockdown now all this extra care has become a parent's responsibility ultimately all these forms of impact have only overburdened parents and in addition to this high school students have reported a different issue the challenge in access to lab and field visits are another problem that are reported by the students of the high school this results in less scope of learning especially in the practical ways and finally the pandemic has widened the gap between the rich and poor so the lesser privileged children who have had little or no access to smartphones or computers or internets have found this system to be demotivating they are further not interested to learn besides that they will also have family issues economic issues they have to combat and as a result cool dropouts are becoming a problem and these are the issues that is being faced as a result of pandemic now let us know these suggestions mentioned in the article here the author recommends parents and teachers to do few things in order to keep the children happy and engaged first the parents need to be proactive and positive see this is suggested because parents behavior has a great impact over children hence parents should be patient and meet their child's concern in an age-appropriate manner so what happens is and in the interaction that I mentioned before the parents are also kept busy with their work because of the work from home arrangement so most of the time the parents sit with their laptops and the child who has online classes also sits with their laptop so what happens is the care from the parent goes missing so author here recommends to bridge that gap that is being created for the development of the child secondly parents can assign tasks to children to make them more engaged because children are bored at home right by providing tasks and other works parents can train their children to cook clean and focus on the basic hygiene so all this will help the child throughout their adult life next what is important is monitoring the activities of children see monitoring can help parents in noticing the signs that indicate child's health especially the mental health alongside spending time with the children what is more important is listening to their stories so this will give a parent the perspective of the child that it gains through the online classes as well as with from the other activities and this is suggested because giving more attention to children can prevent them from seeking any other relationship for interaction as well so this becomes more dangerous if a child seeks online platform for engagement so this exposes the child to the online perils of issues like cyber bullying or a other kind of harassment and all so here also the parents role becomes very important so these are the few suggestions provided in the article finally the article concludes that each child is unique and they need to be dealt with differently so rather than adopting a one-size-fits-all approach the parents should custom make their approach to their child or their children the approach should be different for every children as well so that is how the author concludes this article so with that takeaway in mind let's move on to the next segment of the discussion now look at this editorial this editorial discussion is about misinformation author of this editorial discusses digital news report which was published in 2021 and elucidates on which source of misinformation is prominent in our country and why is it dangerous than other sources so let us see these aspects now here is the syllabus for your reference first let us try and understand what is misinformation it is the information that is false inaccurate misleading regardless of whether there is an intent to misleading that is it is not created with an intention of causing harm but when an information is false and it's deliberately created to harm a person or a social group or an organization or a country it is referred to as disinformation so here there is an intention to mislead or harm which may be absent in misinformation so our focus today is on misinformation so it is generated by or found on many sources so this includes the obvious social media platforms such as facebook twitter youtube whatsapp and then local tv and radios local newspapers search websites and also some government and politicians can also be a source of misinformation and even though misinformation may not have the intent to mislead still causes substantial harm because it can circulate and be absorbed very quickly also so this leads to changes in people's behavior which potentially leads to those people to take greater risks further when it is accompanied by infodermic it leads to vicious cycle of false information so what is this infodermic infodermic or information epidemic as it is expanded is an over abundance of information that is excessive information so the issue is only some of these excessive information are accurate whereas some are inaccurate so infodermics makes it hard for people to find trustworthy sources of information and reliable guidance especially when they need it and additionally infodermic accelerates and perpetuates misinformation this is why both together leads to a vicious cycle of false information so that means in this pandemic misinformation is more dangerous and already misinformation has constituted a shocking level of information about covid 19 so many inaccurate and false informations has been circulating about all aspects of the disease like how the virus originated how its cause its treatment its mechanism of spread and what are the cures all right so this is further worrying since according to WHO searching for covid 19 updates on internet has jumped by 50 to 70 percentage across all the generations this means many of us are being fed with false or misleading stories which are fabricated and are shared without any background check so all this makes the pandemic much more severe harming more people and jeopardizing the reach and sustainability of the global health system so in this regard the author of the editorial focuses on the survey findings of a report to provide us the status of misinformation so the report is titled digital news report 2021 and it is the 10th edition of the report keep that in mind and who commissioned it it is done by Reuters Institute for study of journalism in Oxford University of UK so reports and their sources are very important for preliminary perspective we all know and coming back to the discussion it aims to understand how news is being consumed in a range of countries so particularly the 2021 report among the other things looks at the impact of covid on news consumption and the progress on misinformation so what it reveals is that digital news consumption of online news consumers is 46 markets around six continents and note that for the first time it covers consumers from India Indonesia Thailand Nigeria Columbia and Peru and one of the drawbacks of the study is that data from certain countries including India are representative of younger English speakers only so it does not represent our national population right but that in mind now let us see some of the important findings of the report regarding misinformation it was found that global concerns about false and misleading information have etched slightly higher at 58 percentage there is most concern in Africa and the lowest concern is in Europe even that is at 54 percentage and now coming to the forums of misinformation most common was misleading content which is at 29 percentage and among the formats used for misinformation was found that most of the misinformation involves various forms of reconfiguration that is the existing information is modified so that constitutes about 59 percentage and this reconfigured misinformation accounted for 87 percentage of social media interactions now among the topics of misinformation unfortunately it was found that this year people have been exposed to more false and misleading information about covid than about politics so that was about 54 percentage of the traffic and misinformation about covid 19 has been a particular problem especially in African countries because of the false rumors and conspiracies that circulated in the social media and spread of false information about covid 19 is also widespread in central and the eastern Europe and parts of Latin America as well as in Asia and coming to the sources of misinformation the national politicians led at 29 percentage when it comes to spreading of misleading information so this is a very sad state of fire because these tall leaders are spreading misinformation without cross verification isn't it and this is followed by other sources such as celebrities and other prominent public figures this means there is misinformation from the top levels moving to general public which is termed as top down misinformation and this top down misinformation accounted for 69 percentage of total social media engagement see note that the majority of the misinformation on social media came from ordinary people only but most of these posts seem to generate far less engagement compared to the top down misinformation because top down misinformation attracted large majority of all social media examples so for example you would remember the number of false statements on various topics made by the former US president including about covid so this attracted a lot of attention right and the same is true for the Indian politicians and the prominent public figures also where they promoted covid remedies having no scientific basis and some politicians claim that cow urine and cow dung can protect people against covid 19 so this claim was later shot down by the Indian Medical Association but even now we can see posts about these false remedies in the social media platform the same is the scenario with coronal kits as well now coming back to the report additionally it was found that those who use social media are more likely to say that they have been exposed to misinformation on covid 19 than non-users of social media and another important finding is and among the social media platforms facebook is seen as the main channel for spreading false information almost everywhere and this includes covid 19 misinformation also and additionally among the messaging apps whatsapp which is also facebook owned is seen as a bigger problem in parts of global south such as brazil indonesia india nigeria and south africa why because of the closed and the encrypted nature of whatsapp which makes it harder for fact checking to spot and counter the damaging information and particularly in india whatsapp youtube and facebook have been found to have serious problems with misinformation and hate speech see both their different ideas the report explicitly notes that the individual members of the ruling party of india and groups aligned with them are allegedly spreading false and misleading information via social media and other platforms this is what the report notes and next among the misinformation in terms of claims the single largest category was misleading or false claims about the actions or policies of public authorities including the government and the international bodies like WHO or the u n see this is true for covid as many false remedies were claimed to be WHO approved so that makes the false information sound more authentic right so from the above findings we clearly have an example in this context of covid about how misinformation can make problems bigger especially when such misinformation is backed by public figures like politicians or celebrities so as a conclusion author urges indian authorities to take immediate action for addressing this top down misinformation particularly about covid and as it is essential that politicians and prominent figures promote only legitimate safe and effective health remedies which becomes more so important in the context of pandemic so with that we have come to the end of the discussion on this editorial let's move on to the next segment see this news article is regarding the arrest of a belarussian journalist see the entire episode that the news article deals with it's a very interesting fiasco so what happened is there was a journalist in belaris and he wrote something against the government the government did not like it so when an aircraft was flying over belaris from a different country to a different country the aircraft was landed merely to arrest the journalist the dissenting journalist all right so we saw this in detail on 26th may discussion i would suggest you to go through that notes for more information on this particular episode but here in our discussion today we are going to cover geography syllabus of belaris see belaris is a country in eastern europe note that and it became independent as late as 1991 and the belaris was formerly known as belarusia or white russia which was the smallest of the three slavic republics and these three slavic republics were included in the soviet union and note that belaris is landlocked country which is bordered by latinia and latinia to the northwest and we have russia the north and east and we have ukraine to the south and poland to the west so note that this is very important this is how upsc asks the bordering countries okay and the great part of republic this belaris republic lies in the basin of the river naipur so this river flows across belaris from north to south and then it ends in the black sea so imagine it running through this so let us also know about the natural resources available with this country see belaris possess one of the world's largest reserves of potassium or potassium salts so this was discovered in minsk in the year 1949 and as a result potassium export remained high until the early 21st century and in addition to vid the country is a world leader in the production of peat which is abundant in the private marshes of belaris and this peat resource is also used as a fuel in the country so just a quick reminder peat is nothing but coal and among other minerals recovered are the salt limestone quarts for glass making and small deposits of golden diamond as well and later on only 1960s petroleum was discovered which is a jackpot it was discovered in the southeast part of the republic but apart from these resources belaris lacks availability of other mineral resources hence it is said that belaris is generally poor in mineral resources so for this reason the government is attempting to accelerate the development of its raw material base however belaris still remains dependent on russia for most of its energy and fossil field requirements so this is more or less about the geography of belaris it is more important from the preliminary perspective only with that information let's move on to the next part of the discussion now let us take up this editorial for discussion recently the government of india had decided to tighten the rules for e-commerce marketplace which includes amazon and flip cut this was a result of complaints from small businesses for misuse of market dominance and deep discounting provided by these online retailers so in this context let us discuss the editorial which speaks about the risk posed by over regulation of the e-commerce sector so here is the syllabus for your reference so if you recollect last year center had passed the consumer protection rules 2020 that was notified under consumer protection act of 2019 and if you see the main purpose was to prevent unfair trade practices in the e-commerce and the rules are applicable to all the goods and services what or sold over digital or electronic network and all models of e-commerce but even after its implementation the government has received several representation from aggrieved consumers traders and associations the complaints were mainly regarding widespread cheating and unfair trade practices being observed in the e-commerce ecosystem so as we know certain e-commerce entities are engaging in back-to-back or flash sales here what is black-to-back sale is that one seller selling on a platform does not have any order fulfillment capability that is they cannot settle the order which the consumer places what they do is they merely place a flash order with another seller controlled by the same platform this prevents a level playing field and ultimately limits consumer choices and thereby increases the prices and recently center proposed amendment to the consumer protection e-commerce rules 2020 and the government says that these amendments aim to bring transparency in the e-commerce platform and to further strengthen the regulatory regime to curb the prevalent unfair trade practices now let us see some proposed amendments first of all the amendment envisages appointment of chief compliance officer as a nodal contact person for 24-7 coordination with the law enforcement agencies all right and it proposes appointing officers to ensure compliance to the orders of law enforcement agencies and further a resident grievance officer would be appointed for retracing of the grievances of the consumers on the e-commerce platform and another proposal is registration of every e-commerce entity with the department of promotion of industry and internal trade and this registration number shall mandatory be displayed on the website as well as invoice of every order placed so this will help to create a database of genuine e-commerce entities thus consumers would be able to verify the genuineness of the e-commerce entities before transacting to the platform and the amendment also prohibits misselling to protect the interests of the consumers see misselling is nothing but selling of goods and services by deliberate misrepresentation of information about such goods and services and it also mandates all sellers on the e-commerce platform to provide best before or use before dates to enable consumers to make a informed decision and apart from all these the government proposes a full-time mechanism in the e-commerce platform so this will help to identify goods based on country of origin and suggests alternatives to ensure fair opportunity to domestic goods as well thus domestic manufacturers and suppliers get a fair and equal treatment on the e-commerce platform next is the provision of fallback liability that is the duties and liabilities for the goods and services provided by the e-commerce entity will fall on the e-commerce entity only not on the consumer and it will ensure that consumers are not adversely affected when a seller fails to deliver the goods or services due to negligent conduct next coming to the editorial the author says that the proposed amendments show the government's keenness to exercise greater oversight over all online platform now if you remember the government was in tuzzle with the social media platform over the it intermediary guidelines and digital media ethics code rules and the author feels that enforcement of the proposed amendments is bound to spur protracted legal fights and this incentivize the e-commerce entities working in india thereby adversely affecting the growth and job creation in the e-commerce sector so this brings us to the end of the discussion on this particular editorial with that let's move on to the next segment of the discussion this article is regarding the demise of the legendary karnatic musician Parasala B. Pannamma the Padmasri awardee winner was well known for scripting history in 2006 when she sang at the Navaratri Mandapam in Shri Padmanabha Swami temple of Trivandrum this broke the centuries old tradition that forbade women from performing at the famed Navaratri celebrations so this article is more of a tribute to her in this context let us discuss and brief about karnatic music see the evolution of indian music saw the emergence of two different subsystems one is hindustani another one is karnatic in Haripalas Sangeeta Sudhakara which was written in 14th century AD the terms karnatic and hindustani are found for the very first time see they are two distinct styles the hindustani and karnatic they came into vogue particularly during the reign of mughal emperors of delhi that is when they flourished over the years indian music of the northern part of india assimilated some features from the persian and the arabic musicians with the advent of mughals but the music of south india continued to develop on its own original lines and this was karnatic and the one that saw the assimilation of the persian and the arabic musicians evolved into hindustani see the advent of purandardasa in 1484 marked a very important landmark development of karnatic music he thoroughly systematized and refined in the art so that up to the present day it has remained the same so for his contributions he has been justly termed as karnatic sangeeta pitamaha so purandardasa is a very important character in history that you'll have to remember especially for preliminary here we must also discuss about the trinity of karnatic music who are tyagaraja mutlu swami dikshadar and shama sastri they birthed tirwarur and they lived between 1750 to 1850 ad if you see they ushered in a new era of development in karnatic music and an interesting fact about this trinity is that they were contemporaries of great composers like beat Owen and mozarat and an important literary work on karnatic music is the sangeeta sampradaya pradasini this was written by suburama dikshadar in the year 1904 and this works serves as an authority for information regarding the music musicians and the composers of the previous centuries so keep that in mind now let us see some of the music instruments that are specific to karnatic music so these include veena veena is a stringed instrument and mirdangam it is a percussion instrument and apart from that we have other percussion instruments like gatam, ganjira and morseen see what is a percussion instrument is nothing but the instrument that makes noise on tapping on it with your hand or anything else so violin is also an important part of the karnatic music which is also a stringed instrument here know that hindustani music instruments include tabla which is a pair of drums placed adjacent with each other and which is also a percussion instrument we have a sarangi which is a string instrument sitar santur clarinet or other instrument that are specific to hindustani now finally know that the students of karnatic music start with geeta or simple songs and then they progress to complicated repertoire of kirti or kirtanai and it takes them years to master the musical instruments and for someone to be recognized as a vocalist or a musician a student must stage a music arangetram or music debut with full range of song repertoire to fill a concrete program and if you recollect this arangetram is also a part of baradhanati where a student has to dance arangetram to prove their supremacy over the art so with that information let's pay our tributes to the legend again and move on to the next part of the discussion now look at this news article this article mentions that us administration has announced to allocate vaccine supply to other countries it is about 55 million doses and in this 45 million is to be shared through the covax facility and among these approximately 14 million will go to asian countries including india and 10 million loses to africa and approximately 16 million will go to latin america so in this context let us know about covax that repeatedly finds mentioned in the news see according to me personally i feel covax is one of the best initiatives to supply vaccines to the world right so what is this covax so covax stands for covid 19 vaccine global access and it is one of the three pillars of access to covid 19 tools accelerator which is commonly called as act okay see the act accelerator was launched last year in response to this pandemic only which was launched by who european commission and france see it is a groundbreaking global collaboration to accelerate the development production and equitable access to covid 19 tests treatment and vaccines so it provides innovative and equitable access to these and among these covax is the vaccine pillar thus covax has the world's largest and the most diverse portfolio of covid 19 vaccines therefore it represents the world's best hope of bringing the acute pandemic to the end and it is coordinated by gavi that is global alliance for vaccine the coalition of epidemic preparedness innovation cepi and the world health organization who and the key delivery partner is unicef now under covax doses for at least 20 percentage of the country's population is offered note that it does not depend upon the population it is not numbers that is being allotted it is 20 percentage of the country's population in respect of the population of the country so it also ensures that all participating countries regardless of their income levels will have equal access to these vaccines once they are developed and based on this covax is said as the only true global solution to this pandemic as it is the only effort to ensure that people in all corners of the world shall get covid 19 vaccines so to achieve this covax acts as a platform supporting the research development as well as manufacturing of wide range of covid 19 vaccines so it also negotiates their pricings serves as a neutral platform right so the initial aim is to have two billion doses available by the end of 2021 so remember our global population is seven billion right so this is expected to cover high risk and vulnerable people as well as frontline health workers and allocation under covax is spread across countries based on the number of doses and also note that the global procurement mechanism of covax is called covax facility see this facility makes investments across a broad portfolio of promising vaccine candidates this means the covax facility pulls purchasing power from all countries that participate to have rapid access to doses of safe and effective vaccines and as per the recent data covax has so far shipped about 88 million covid 19 vaccines to 131 participant countries so this is all about covax that you'll have to know from the preliminary point of view with that let's move on to the next part of the discussion now we are going to discuss some small topics that are very important from the preliminary perspective so look at this news article this article talks about a scheme in telangana which is called as telangana kuharita haram so this is a flagship program of the telangana government so what it envisages is that it is trying to increase the present tree cover of 24 percentage in the state to 33 percentage of the total geographical area and the thrust areas to achieve are twofold first is the initiatives in the notified forest areas and the other one is the initiatives in areas outside the notified forest areas so it seeks to expand the forest areas in the state so one of the notable achievements is that as on january 23 about 88 percentage of the target for that year has been completed so this is one of the most successful projects by this government that said in the course of the article we also come across miyawaki forest see miyawaki forest is gaining traction around the world let us see what is it miyawaki forest is a way to create an urban forest and if you see it was pioneered by the japanese waterist akira miyawaki and this method has been named after him as you can see and with this method of plantation what happens is that an urban forest can grow within a very short span of about 20 to 30 years itself but if you take the conventional forest it generally takes 200 to 300 years but here the span is much reduced and in this technique various native species of plants are planted close to each other so that the greens receive sunlight only from the top and grow upwards rather than sideways so as a result what happens is the plantation becomes approximately 30 times more denser and it grows 10 times faster and becomes maintenance free in a span of less than three years so this has been making noise especially in the arena of afforestation especially in the urban afforestation so with that information in mind let's look at the next piece of news so this is about one particular scheme called ysr cheyuta scheme so let's look about it so this is a scheme in andhra pradesh remember that which will directly benefit around 23 lakh women who belong to the sc category st category bc category and as well as the minority communities and the age group of benefit population is 45 to 60 years so what is done here is an incentive of about 18 750 rupees per annum is given that is about 75 000 rupees over a period of four years is given to the women so the aim of this cash aid is to transform them into entrepreneurs all right and what more is done is that the value of same amount is also being extended as loans in helping them to establish a business so what it tries to achieve is that self-reliance for women especially for those belonging to the minority and the vulnerable sections all right so remember that this scheme is from andhra pradesh it pertains to helping the women entrepreneurs belonging to vulnerable sections in the state so with that information let's look into the next piece of news so this is a simple news with very little takeaway so calls to join second phase of iiph project no fever so you just have to know that what is project no fever and which state has initiated this all right so this project no fever was initiated last year mainly to fight any viral fever not just covid 19 keep that in mind to fight any viral fever in the state of telangana especially in the areas in the twin cities of hydrobat and second rabat so that is it for this news article moving on to the next so this is about raitu bandhu scheme so a few days ago we saw about the scheme so we are not going to go into detail it is just a reminder about the scheme so moving on to the next article so this is an important news article about gm rubber see first let us know what is a gm crop see a gm crop is nothing but a genetically modified plant used in agriculture whose DNA has been modified to introduce a desired new trait or to suppress the already expressing trait all right so in this particular case a rubber plant has been genetically modified who has modified it it is rubber research institute in kerala which has modified the rubber so if you see the northeast in india has cold climatic conditions but it is also one of the major producer of rubber but because of this cold condition the rubber plantations are facing challenge just to overcome this this genetic modification has been done so what has been done is the expression of m and sod that is manganese containing superoxide dimutase has been modified to withstand the cold this piece of gene has been inserted multiple times to allow itself to overexpress in the plant so that this plant is made cold tolerant so thereby making this rubber suitable to be grown in the cold condition and remember that this is the first genetically modified rubber in the world and it has been planted in the state of asam so these are the articles that are very important from various editions of newspapers today now let's move on to the next segment of today's discussion now here we are at the doubts clearing session or what we usually call as comments and clarification session so let us take up this comment we received this comment for the analysis on 8th of june 2021 so on that day we had discussed a news article relating to raitu bandhu scheme so there we mentioned about the status of agriculture in telangana along with the brief discussion on raitu bandhu if you remember and while we were at the topic we said that the farmers were provided with a credit assistance of rupees 4000 per acre per season actually when the scheme was launched it began with providing a credit support of rupees 4000 but later following a notification issued by the government of telangana which was issued in june 2019 the credit amount was raised to 5000 per acre per season so we request you to correct the amount in the notes as well so now we are at the fag end of the discussion practice preliminary questions we have three questions for discussion let's go over it one by one so which among the following musicians was known as karnatic sanghita pitamaha we have four options so from our discussion we know the answer is purantaradasa and we discussed purantaradasa on 26th may 2021 discussion i suggest you to go through that for a better understanding now coming to the next question this question asks us to identify the incorrect statement about covax so first statement is that it is the world's largest and the most diverse portfolio of covid-19 vaccine yes this is right we saw that from the discussion second statement is that it is coordinated by gavi the collision for epidemic preparedness innovation and who this is also right it's a factual question that we saw in the discussion the third statement says it allocates vaccine based on income levels of the country where low income countries are prioritized see we saw from the discussion that every country is allocated 20 percentage of country's population for vaccines that is 20 percentage of the population that is vaccines are allocated for 20 percentage of the population irrespective of the country's population size irrespective of the country's income so this is the objective with which the vaccines have been allocated so statement c is wrong so correct answer is option c now look at this question this question asks about black c so black c is a very interesting geographical landmark which might attract ups his interest so the question asks us to identify the countries that share border with the black c so look at the map six countries share border with the black c that includes Ukraine to the north Russia and Georgia to the east turkey to the south and we have Bulgaria and Romania to the west whereas Belarus is a landlocked country we saw that in the discussion so option b is the right answer which is two three and four we can just arrive at it by elimination itself some of the main questions inspired from today's discussion is displayed here write the answers and post it in the comment section with that let's wind up our session today if you like the video like share comment and subscribe stay home stay safe good day you