 Conserving and sustainably managing forests is part of the next phase of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, or REDD+. The Centre for International Forestry Research, C4, understands the need to clarify land tenure and legal structures, because improved land use planning is vital to a sustainable future. And a fair division of the benefits of forest use, or benefit sharing, can have an overwhelmingly positive impact on the reduction of carbon emissions. Benefit sharing is an interesting terminology. It's been there with us for a long time, but it's really about making sure that those who actually invest in sustainable use and management are rewarded for the efforts that they put in, including also that the responsibilities that they hold are recognised and appreciated. There is no scheme or plan to remove the forest in a good way, but it's appreciated whether it's a bonus or cash or other forms. Other forms have been done, but it's not explicitly stated that this is a reward for a lot of forest use. We will start with the second part. C4 is conducting behavioural experiments to understand how rights to forests and resources shape people's behaviour and encourage them to manage forests sustainably. It's a game where villagers decide how they're going to use the forest they share. Beginning with a pilot study in Jogjakarta in Indonesia, it will also take place in other red plus sites, such as Aceh, East Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan, as well as other countries such as Peru and Tanzania. Here we are doing some experiments about how people use their forests in their daily life. So we simulate a game that is a very basic game that basically gives the idea of how much they use and they need the forest, but at the same time how much they can conserve the forest. Using this game, we will find the pattern how people will react to any intervention, to any treatment that will change their way of decision making. So that way this game, this methodology will be very helpful in understanding the problem of the benefits sharing. For this game, we have to go to the forest, so that we can preserve the nature of the forest. Gender plays a vital role in the study and is taken into account in all stages. Women don't have strong or secure rights to resources. And one of the reasons is just simply because their rights are acquired through male relatives, such as husbands. Women are important managers of forests as well, and if they cannot get rewarded or recognized or their rights secured, then they will have much less incentive to manage those forests sustainably. Household surveys about how the community use their local forests have also been carried out, with both women and men taking part. Where communities make decisions about how to use shared forests, tenure and rights can be sensitive topics. This research is an innovative approach to understanding how individuals and communities make these decisions, and how benefits can be equitably shared among them. So what we're trying to do with these methodologies is actually to expand the lens from which we view issues and to expand the options for solving problems. The most important thing we have to do is actually how to increase the awareness of the people about their own forests. We have to encourage them to reflect, to think about the need they have on these forests. So if they realize that actually that life is dependent on these forests, then we can encourage them to be more aware on this important of the forest. My goal is to improve the development of forests, and, secondly, to strengthen the forest. Because the forest is usually good for the people, because to support the people, they have to know what the purpose of the forest is. So the forest has to be strengthened, because the forest is strong, the people can be more aware.