 Okay, so now it's a very great pleasure to introduce Alexander Anders from Budapest who's going to be talking about Neolithic burials in the whole region in Eastern holiday. Good morning for everybody and for everyone and first we should like to say thank you to the session organizers, to Pani Maria and Juan for the invitation and for the opportunity to present our lecture in this conference. About 2,000 kilometers away from here in the northeastern part of the Carpathian basin, more than 7,000 years ago people had settled down in the region of Polgar. We don't know the exact size of the population, but some 340 burials have been uncovered on eight sides in the Polgar area in eastern Hungary, the dates of which 4 between 5,500 and 4,500 CalBC. A part of these burials can be assigned to the Middle Neolithic, Linarband Keramic and other part to the Late Neolithic, Disaharpiteshios Helium complex. The burials were not deposited in independent former cemeteries, all of them were settlement burials. Although for the third glimpse it doesn't really seem to be a high number, the most prevalent peculiarity of these burials is their very amount, since previously such great numbers of burials were never found within a smaller region in the Great Plains. Summaries of the former excavated graves mention only 200 burials from the Albeke and about 500 from the Late Neolithic. Polgar Island is a less covered-lucked surface rising above the one-time fruit pane, covers some 60-70 km² and lies on the outskirts of Bohrgar. The micro-region is outlined by the boundaries of the one-time natural paleo-geographic conditions and it was thus possible to reconstruct the sequence of human occupation and the changes in the micro-region settlement patterns. From the foregoing, it's clear that burials unarsened in Polgar and its vicinity almost immediately attract the attention of the European research as well, as they soon became source material for several international projects. Due to this large-scale international multidisciplinary research progress conducted in the recent years, bioarchaeological, I mean isotope, DNA and paleo-pathological data on the knowledge sigbarias of the Polgar region have been considerably increased. However, these initiatives were a large European scale research programs over each thousands of years, so to say they focused on the big picture to the construction of which the graves of Polgar can only serve as mosaic ties. Therefore, neither to the obtained results of an episode proposed field of research, nor is their distribution uniform. So the aim of our project, which has been started last December, is to get a better understanding of the life and death of these communities. Here, we would like to introduce this project for the first time for a wider audience and present our very first results. The main goal of this project is to change the so-to-say author perspective and to seek answers for such questions which are relevant from an inner point of view. The region is Polgar Island and about 340 excavated barriers is there provide an excellent background for tracing those changes, which may have taken place both in the life of communities and of individuals. We aim to collect equal quantities of data from each and every site in equal quality. As far as possible, we intend to fill the blank spaces left by previous research as well, since only then will our results become comparable. And we have quite a lot of questions to be answered. These are our most relevant questions and proposed research are the following. Are there any technological changes in life style between the various phases of ALP and late-nolicic a period which covers almost 1,000 years? Are there any traceable differences or changes with regard to the life of individuals who were buried at co-temporary sites lying at a great distance from each other? Were there any differences between male and female food consumption? And if so, who had they been changed through space and time? What kind of role did winning played in the life of community? Are there any detectable differences in space and time? Is there and if so, what kind of correlation can be observed between the life and the health condition of such individuals who were buried with valuable prestige artefacts such as spondylous red and red deer canines? Were there changes in health conditions through space and time? What kinds of tri-mortic lesions contiguous diseases can be traced and on what kinds of individuals? We'll be able to find a proper explanation for the under and over representation of certain age groups on the basis of their differences in lifestyle. Are there any traceable differences between men and women with regard to the work they had performed and are there any detectable differences through space and time? What kind of differences can be detected between the remains of children? Were there changes through space and time? Are there any differences, for example, between the individuals buried respectively in the singular area settlement and in the tail settlement of Polga Trusalom? Are there observable differences of correspondences at Polga Trusalom between the individuals buried in the vicinity of a given building? What kind of personal life histories can be reconstructed in case of unconventional burials? What kind of work was performed by those men, each of whom was buried with an anomalous obsidian nucleus in the cemetery of Polga Ferenciat? What can we know about the world buried in Polga Trusalom with a necklace made of 80 imitation of red deer canines or about the older women interved with four and six spondylose arm rings? What can be revealed about the life history of the young child buried is a 10 centimeter long spondylose bead. Were there any differences between the five individuals who got buried in one pit? Furthermore, were there differences between the lifestyles of the older women buried without grave goods at Polga Trusalom with the other ones? Were there artifacts found in the graves such as spondylose beads and arm rings, stone axes, bone and antletours, personal belongings? What kind of objects history can be reconstructed on the basis of user and do they have any relations to the personal histories? Did the man buried in Trusalom indeed use polystone axes? Will we be able to detect user traces on these objects or upper limb asymmetry in case of their owners? How red deer canine necklaces were assembled? Are all the these used for ornaments coming from prey hunted at the same season? Does this season correspond to the season of deaths of the prey hunted for consumption? What kind of data can be obtained from the specification of the disarticulated human bones occurring in great numbers in settlement objects at every site according to bodily location, age group, sex and their spatial distribution within the given site? I think we have quite a lot of interesting questions. But these questions can only be answered with the aid of a complex approach. As applied individually, neither the traditional archaeological or anthropological matters, not certain analytical techniques of bioarchology are adequate enough in the subs to solve these problems. The results will complement each other and the imaging synergy can shed light on the variation and the details of Neolithic way of light geared to individual person. So to sum up, the main goal of the project is the investigation of these 314 Neolithic barriers are nursing in the Poga region with bioarchological and biosocial methods. And the methods we are trying to apply archaeological, microarchological, anthropological and bioarchological methods as well. The starting point of our methodology are the approaches of Marek Zvelebil-Vedrovica as their vitals, life phase and Dushan Borysh-Lepenskivir project. Our research strategy comprises 4 correlating elements. The summary of the previous results and additional investigations which enable us to deal with equivalent data from various sites, applying new methods and integrating and synthesizing the previous and the new results upon which we would be able to reconstruct the micro histories of communities in the personal life of individuals. So we use physical anthropology and pathology, oral pathology, dental and buccal microval analyzes, analysis of antisocial changes using the methods of Vilot and Coimbra and the more detailed paleo-democratic study of the series will be carried as well. We also intend to carry isotope investigations to reconstruct the diet and possible migration. Manufacturing marks and user analysis of debris which is made from organic and non-organic materials such as ponderous artifacts on antleragontos and then red-dyed canines and polished and chipstones as well. Provinian studies on lithics and spondylous artifacts and a quite a new passage of searching the red-dyed canine cement and increments led by Solange-Rigo. And last but not least we apply the methods of archaeology and cardiotherapy radiocarbon measurements. And now let's see our first results. The man with the polished stone axes. Polished stone axes seems to be the expression of maleness not only in the late Nolicy community of the Pogatresholm but in the Weiderbach area or so to say in the Carpathian area as introduced some minutes ago. So and according to the preliminary results of the analysis and his changes led by Istvan Ratz there are no direct correlation between upper arm alterations and polished tools as grave goods in male graves in Pogatres. And we can add that the youngest individual who was buried with an axe was only four six years old according to the right so probably he was unable to use the axe as a tool. According to our interpretation the axes can be considered as signs or symbols and not real tools. And on the basis of the manufacturing marks and user analyzes of red-dyed canine beads carried out by Giugiana Tutt and the letters comparison with the archaeological data we can summarize the following results. Meals never worn imitation but females should try to wear real and imitation beads as well. Imitations were made either bone or clay. The wear of red-dyed canines and their imitation represent a strong connection to the Maturus age group. This phenomenon is strengthened by the fact that this age group is underrepresented in the graves and the singular iron settlements. You can see here this is the sign of this overrepresentation. Red-dyed canines had high prestige value and their appearance is usually connected with other high prestige value items. This indicates that wearing these beads might have been a privilege of high ranking women. There was no strict rule how to wear these personal adornments. Maybe these chains were made individually and they expressed the self or the identity of their owner. And according to the C14 dates wearing such kind of beads built in different chains had a long tradition at the Paul Gaturus alum settlement. According to different user and rejuvenation certain parts suggest that these beads were used longer than the lifespan of one person. If you take a closer look at on these beads and the use in the wider context of the late neolithic period of the curfew, we can observe that Paul Gaturus alum and two nearby settlements have a distinct position. We don't know why. And finally we were able to reconstruct the life story of a brave hunter or but we will present these results in an afternoon session. So please welcome and thank you for your attention.