 Kaj je 46 različnega, da je Rwanda. In v populaciju je tudi 4 različnega. Zelo je več nekaj geografici lokacije, nekaj z vsev kastel, nekaj z vsev ljudi, ali nekaj je vsev veliki vsev. Počekaj smo na sportu. Veska našli je ovo in je vse in zelo se všim v srednih. V srednih je veliko uročne našli, a našli, kar je izgovoril našli turizm, nekaj bi se bolj, da se bolj našli našli našli našli našli našli našli. Mi je to vziv, da bolj vziv na e-commerce, bolj kraj, ki so v 10. rankovati v e-commerce, Zelo je to, da vse, ki je v South Africa in Rwanda vse, is the aspiration of people and of the leadership of the country. Aspirations to be integrated in the regional and world economy, to provide high quality jobs, to have opportunities for young people. I was recently in Rwanda, and I came hugely impressed by how the young people of Rwanda aspire to solve social problems of their communities, of their countries, and it is exactly the same in South Africa. So these are the leaders that we have with us, and I would like to start first with jobs regional integration trade. And turn to President Kagame, you did what many thought was impossible, integrate the region with a pre-trade agreement. How do you see this agreement providing opportunities for growth? What would it mean in five, ten years from now? How do you see lightening up growth in Africa? Thank you, Kristelina. You started on a very clear note about African countries, irrespective of geographical differences and possible other differences. There is a lot more in common, starting with the aspirations. Aspirations of one country, on one end of the continent, and the other end are the same. And this is what has made it possible for Africa, we've seen in the last years, that Africa is talking more and more about integration, working together in all sorts of ways. In fact, that's also what has made it possible to realize this continent of free trade area. It has been building up to that point. Africans wanting to work together, to trade with each other, to do all kinds of things in complementarity where everybody is a winner. In actual fact, again, there is a realization that Africa is a very big continent with 1.2 plus billion people, 55 countries. But if you prefer to look at it country by country and staying like that, you realize that in of these individual countries, even the countries that are actually big, significantly both in economic terms and in geographical terms, when you desegregate that, you find each country is small, when you're thinking about the global events and the size of corporations and other things globally. So coming together integration makes the continent big and all of us gain, even small countries like mine end up being elevated to higher level than the actual size if you look at it individually. The continent of free trade area has come into being with that backdrop, and it is bound to benefit Africans. In a major way there is no question, because if you look at by region, if you look at regional exports being at 42%, and the exports with the rest of the world outside of the continent being on at 15%, that already tells you the potential we have to gain through having a continental free trade area as countries are now, in fact, 18. We are at 18 now, countries ratified, ready to go and we have many others signing up and ratifying as we move. But the first signing, the first day was 44 countries, which showed the appetite the countries had, again based on the other aspirations I talked about, to make sure that we gain, and we gain by creating this space, again there is more employment and jobs created. There is no doubt, and I gave you the volumes of exports, which again will speak for themselves. I think there is no question about CFTA benefitting Africa, benefitting every individual country that is involved. And it is a great legacy that you would leave behind. There is no question. I am sure I actually think that this is a landmark achievement for the African Union, and it deserves a round of applause from this audience. And if I may now turn to you, President Ramaphosa, you have an incredible resume. I read your biography and I thought, oh, this is somebody who was student activist, trade unionist, freedom fighter, accomplished businessman, and a very effective politician. So what do I ask somebody with that resume? And then I thought I would turn to you in your strong standing on your experience as a businessman. I learned that you have a foundation that focuses on education and small and medium-sized businesses. So my question to you is, from that perspective, what do you think the Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement means for private sector? What can the private sector do to make it successful, and how can the small and medium-sized enterprises benefit? How do you see it? Well, thank you very much. I think you are right in calling for an applause, but the applause should also go to leaders like President Kagame, who, as the chair of the African Union, really share-parted this whole process and made sure that it finally happens. President of Niger, who has also given the direct responsibility, and both of them really did an incredible amount of work to make sure that finally we have a free trade agreement, which has been built on the foundation of the political integration that was set up when the OAU was set up and now the African Union, and that political integration is holding, it's firm, it's effective, and on that we've now got this free trade area agreement. Now, what does it mean in terms of the benefits it could yield? Clearly it opens up enormous opportunities for businesses on the African continent. They're coming together of a market of 1.2 billion people. It's a huge opportunity for any business person or any business, small or large. It opens up great possibilities also for manufacturing because it is a trade agreement that is going to enhance and enable products and services to be traded throughout the continent. He, the two, we've tended to trade with other countries outside the continent, so this is an enabler that's going to make us trade within the continent, with each other, but it will also help small, medium and large companies to start off businesses where they manufacture goods that are in great demand on the continent, so I see it in the end leading to the creation of manufacturing nodes on the continent. Industrialization will start spreading throughout the continent, but the other thing it will also do is the creation of jobs. Many jobs will be created as people begin to trade goods and services, and those companies that will take up the opportunities will want to create more and more products and sell them. The other important thing for me is that it is also going to lead to skills development. Skills will be spread, and we will also be able to benefit from best practice, so it will enhance competition amongst companies in various countries, but it will also lead to smart competition amongst nations as well, where they begin to develop specialization around producing certain products. Various regions will also spring up and be able to specialize in certain areas, and so I think this is a great boon for the continent, and if you like it could well be the great industrialization moment for the continent, and already we've got a lot of business people in many countries who can't wait for the various governments on the continent to ratify this featured area agreement so that they can get going, and those who have not yet signed are going to be under enormous pressure themselves from their various businesses, as those businesses will say we are being left behind. So it's going to be a wonderful leveler and it's also going to create all those great opportunities. That is the future we want, and when we talk about the future of Africa and the potential of the continental trade area, we also have to imagine it with digital being the connector of all countries in the 21st century. President Kagame actually also did a huge service to the continent with Smart Africa, and we had that conversation that we cannot imagine growth in the 21st century without digital connectivity. We cannot imagine Africa being left out of the digital economy, but we can imagine Africa leapfrogging through it. But today we are not yet quite there. Today internet connectivity in Africa is only 22%, that is way lower than people want. I had a very interesting conversation with young Africans and they are telling me that they see this as number one right, the right to connect to others via the internet. At the World Bank we are imagining what we call digital moonshot, aiming for every African citizen, business and government service to be connected to the internet no later than 2030. And actually the same young Africans said to me, what do we mean 2030? 2030 is so far. We want it next year, we want it now. So my question to President Kagame is how do you see that being done fast? What needs to happen? And also what do you demand from your partners? Partners like the African Development Bank, the Economic Commission for Africa, the African Union, the World Bank. Give us marching quarters, so off we go to the moon. Well, we will get to the moon. First the Smart Africa effort was a result of the awakening of Africans across the whole continent, that the future is more or less all of it digitalized. And therefore we need to discuss among ourselves we need to talk about policies and harmonize different things we have to undertake for the whole continent to be digitalized. And I think it started, and it will always start with the change of mentality, the mindset and the political will that has to drive it. I think there is that realization across the continent, the political leaders of the continent, especially the young people you talked about, we have across Africa under 30 years of age between 60 and 70% of the population. These young people are hungry, they are part of this process, hungry for what is it that can make difference in their lives. It's not just about social media or being connected for the sake of it. There is also livelihood in this connectivity. People are doing business through connectivity. They are making profits. They are trading on e-commerce and digital platforms that facilitate that. So it's really a very exciting moment in my view and the politics of governance of our continent has to align with this. There is no alternative because if the majority of the population are into this, they see it as an opportunity for a better future. They are just out there searching for the ways forward. It is just important and right for that political environment to be there. So the matching orders therefore, if I may take advantage of your request, is with the political corrective, political mindset, we move into the mobilization of investments in the area of infrastructure that would support that in education and training for development of the very skills and knowledge that are required for this digital economy to be built and thrive and deliver the promise that it has that people have identified. I think this is what is needed and it implied in your statement of moonshot getting to that high ground where I want to be in terms of development. Thank you very much and I am very pleased to report to you that the Broadband Commission that you co-chair has agreed that it is absolutely paramount to have a working group on Africa. So from all possible directions, we will be working to make that a reality and my question to President Ramaphosa is what is on the way? What do you think are the obstacles to overcome? I want to share with you something that, again, young Africans were saying, one of the obstacles is that not all governments are comfortable to switch to e-government and to become part of this digital world. What do you think? Yes, I think quite a number of obstacles. The earlier question that you asked were young people were saying, why should we wait to 2030? They want it now. And in many ways, young people have been ready. A lot ready earlier than we can ever imagine. And in fact, you could say that we have been failing the young people of the African continent because we are much older and they blame us for that and they say we move too slowly and we haven't opened up the broadband, the spectrum and they had expected us to have done so. And in a number of countries, data prices are just too expensive like in my own country in South Africa and they are putting pressure on government to say reduce the data prices because they live in the internet. They live in the technological world. So the barriers has been governments that have been moving too slowly and that have not quickly and fully embraced this new, bright and brave world that young people live in today. And so therefore we've got to be ahead of the curve. We've got to embrace it and you mentioned something quite relevant. Governments have been also too slow to move to e-government. We talk about it all the time, but we don't do it. And the pressure that we are now facing from young people and indeed from the exigencies of the now digital and technical world require that we should actually not only embrace, but we should leapfrog. If you look at the way mobile telephone it took off in Africa and now smartphones, the way they've taken off and the way a number of Africans are utilizing their mobile devices to do business, to trade and in a number of African countries where banking has also been effected through mobile telephony it just shows you that the African continent and its people have been ready long, long, long ago and we've been rather slow and I think the call and the responsibility on governments is that pull out all stops. Pull out all stops and it should never take us 100 years to set in place policies we should move quickly and I'm rather glad that the African Union has now taken the bit in its mouth because the next summit we are going to be dealing with issues that have to do with the digital world and we now need to be getting into artificial intelligence in a very smart way, blockchain and all these other technologies and Africa now has this great opportunity having lost out on the previous revolutions that we've had to leapfrog and indeed the way mobile telephony has taken off on the African continent it does show that we've got the skills we've got the capability and we should now have the courage to be ahead of the curve and embrace technology in the fullest way our young people are already there and they are going to leave us behind even as governments so we need to step up ourselves. We do, let me tell you a little anecdote in my own work at the World Bank we hire young people they come with new skills and then they tell me you're making us learn how to work the old way with paper and meetings so we all have work to do but to ease our pain as being from the older generation my father used to say age is a matter of mind if you don't mind, it doesn't matter so the issue for us is to make the physical investments in digital infrastructure to place everything we can on digital platforms from digital ID to education, to governments to commerce and I just give you our pledge that we will do everything we can to accelerate this process and we also want to bring another angle ok, we have all this President Kagama said we need people with skills for the 21st century at the World Bank we have been very determined to make the focus on investing in people front and center in our discussions why? We did a calculation of the wealth of our planet we were surprised that two thirds of this wealth is us, it is people and the richer a country is the higher the share of human capital rich countries have 70% or more the poorer a country is the smaller is the share of human capital so it is paramount that we concentrate on that we created an index, human capital index ranks countries and provides a motivation and what I would like us to talk a little bit about is how can we make that human capital investment in a way that is corresponding to the needs of the 21st century we very humbly learned at the World Bank that just getting kids in school not enough schooling doesn't mean learning learning doesn't mean skills and skills not necessarily lead to jobs how to close this circle what is your wisdom what would you like to share with our audience on that? Well, thank you again and what you are saying is right we must be aligned and there has to be sufficient amount of planning put into it and one has to look at it in a holistic way not just looking at it in a piece mirror and plugging here and there so but all those things you said are very important whether it is learning, skills on their own they are important but they become more important and more productive and useful if you bring them together and wrap them into something that has been planned for and that means they are aligning of these things we have said to bring them into something that gives a product gives results towards solutions towards what you intended to do what we have also been seeing over time is that there are different results of different kinds of research have been coming up with all kinds of methods of education, how to educate people let people explore with their minds freely and put heart into it rather than just performing or doing things like machines so there are many things out there research has been done but it starts from the beginning and here I have to mention and thank the World Bank Group that has not only generally looked at this in a big way in terms of human capital development for everyone but particularly for my country we have benefited from collaboration with the World Bank and of course a lot of investments being made in this area and in the index you mentioned for legacy reasons for historical reasons in fact my country didn't perform as well as we would have liked in fact this is what I'm saying the investment the World Bank is making with us is very timely and very useful because we've learned from all those legacy problems and mistakes and we are now investing properly trying to fix the different problems starting from the grassroots because you don't expect to start educating a child when they are five years old and on and on you start from in fact the effort starts when the baby is still in the mother's womb how this child benefits from the well fed mothers it starts from there when they are born and that's what brings up the early childhood development understanding that they have investments to be made here because if they lose out on this stage later on they may not actually catch up they've lost some of the things forever so this is the holistic approach we are talking about right from the early childhood education programs and then primary school secondary school up to university but in a more and a better fashion demand to allow the modern times to dictate some of the things that have to be looked at and do you find the ranking helpful that you're being ranked somewhere in the index? Yes, absolutely the ranking is very helpful because something that you measure the measurements of everything are going to direct people which path to take it's absolutely important it is evidence best and you are able to not only measure and understand where you are at a particular point but you are also going to be able to measure the progress you are making with the kind of investments you have made and I can tell you this is everywhere I have been talking in my own country about investing in education but it was when I told them you are ranked 44 when everybody started paying attention why 44, why not higher and actually this is all because we want people to be productive President Ramaphosa you have been talking about jobs as being your absolute priority and actually I quote you that you are focused on the one thing your country needs most jobs jobs and jobs so how do you see that investing in people translating into jobs so you don't enter with people who have skills but the jobs are not there no precisely let me start off by just reflecting a little bit on the earlier issue about how we spread skills particularly young people the digital skills and all that this is a challenge a global challenge I would say and possibly more in Africa this whole challenge just got a very good shot in the arm with a report that has just been released by the International Labour Organization I was privileged enough together with the Prime Minister of Sweden to lead a commission at the ILO which has been looking at the future of work and in a very practical way the ILO which is celebrating 100 years this year which is business and labour people got together labour organizations around the world and business organizations and started grappling with the challenge of how are we going to deal with the fact that the work process is changing challenged or put under pressure by the industrial revolution climate change globalization in a whole range of things and come up with a wonderful report which if you care people should actually try and look at it on the internet and it focuses on how we can ensure that people get lifelong skills development lifelong learning and argues that there should be an acceptance of a universal life entitlement to lifelong learning that from a very early age you should be learning and it speaks to the issue of early childhood development additive the first thousand days of any child are the most important focus on that and let them get skills throughout their lives early childhood primary school and even as they start work they should be skilled and beyond that as work forms change they should be re-skilled and beyond that they should also be up-skilled new skills so that they adapt to the challenges that are given rise to by the fourth industrial revolution and all these are the fundamental developments that are taking place now what does that all mean it means that when people are more skilled they are then employable they are then able to get into job situations a lot better and that has been proven in a number of countries as we talk about jobs and jobs and jobs we should also be on a drive not only to create jobs but also to train people and make sure that they get skilled and where they are displaced either by robotics, machines and artificial intelligence we should give them what we would call a just transition and people should not just be dumped that is why the ILO report revolves around a people-centered process that is going to enable people to as work changes to be properly transitioned into other jobs and other forms of economic activity now jobs clearly are a challenge for many countries in my own country we've got almost nine million people unemployed and many of them are young people and we are devising a number of strategies to address this problem recently we held a joint summit with labor, business, government and non-governmental organizations and we came up with a number of interventions which can be embarked upon to create jobs and already that process of creating jobs is being addressed by all these role players and we think we are building a wonderful foundation for collaboration and cooperation amongst various role players so in the end it should not only be seen to be the responsibility of government to allow to create jobs it's seen as a societal problem and a challenge business community participates labor also sees that it has a responsibility to make sure that it does not only keep those who are their members who are in jobs but it also expands the envelope to ensure that even those who are not in employment also get jobs and it then begins to deal with the labor market issue and we jointly address it and find solutions so for us it is great and I just want to end on how we are preparing even young people for skills in the digital world we soon going to be embarking on a massive drive to ensure that we train our young people almost I would say about 14 million young people in either primary schools as well as in colleges and universities we want to spread the digital education to all of them and even ensure that on a progressive basis we give them these devices that are going to enable them to get better trained this is an investment that we want to make for the future want to make for young people because once they have that then it becomes a lot easier for them to get jobs because they are better prepared particularly for the fourth industrial revolution so this is a commitment that we are making for the young people of our country and I think this deserves a round of applause that commitment to the young people I cannot agree more with you that this just transition is essential in the European Union over the last decade they lost 15% old manual jobs and they created 15% new economy jobs it looks like everything is great 15% gone, 15% new the problem is the people who lost their jobs didn't have the skills to migrate into new jobs and what we see in Europe is more populism more anxiety in society so just transition we are running fast out of time we have 2.5 minutes left and I would have two questions to President Kagame when you pass the baton to President Ossisi what are you going to tell him and to President Ramaphosa when you go to the G20 in Japan what message do you have on behalf of Africa to your colleagues in the G20 President Kagame Well to my colleague and friend President Ossisi of Egypt will be coming to take over the chairmanship of the African Union I will almost tell him the obvious that the job carries heavy responsibility of thinking beyond our own particular countries but the whole continent of Africa and how to keep the African continent united around these very important and positive and consequential themes to do with the transformation so I will be telling him what he knows I will be telling him also what I have experienced that it is also doable it's a noble effort that he just continues until he gives the baton to another African leader to keep carrying all of us and the continent forward so it's a more or less a pretty obvious message but also giving him the kind of balance sheet as we have it from the previous And your phone number so he can call he has questions to you I ask him his phone number so that I can call him to say I'm available President Ramapasa No, the message that I will be taking to the G20 is a very strong call for strengthening the multilateral system in the world because we in Africa and South Africa sees itself as it participates in some of these forums particularly the G20 we do it on behalf of the continent of Africa to be the voice of the African continent and developing economies in the world and as we speak there we want to be stressing that the multilateral system needs to be strengthened needs to be retained and should not be weakened base it on our lived experience Africa is making the progress that it is making today because we've decided that it is only when we work together when we collaborate and when we embrace multilateralism that we are able to move forward now there are others who are trying to weaken and in a way also destroy the multilateral system and we want to reiterate that we need to strengthen it need to strengthen the UN and in strengthening the UN we also want to carry a very strong message that the UN Security Council needs to be reformed because there is a huge chunk of people in the world who are not represented Africa is not represented on the UN Security Council and it cannot carry on like that it is the most unfair and inequitable type of cooperation so cooperation means include everyone let everyone have a voice so we will also be arguing that the various other multilateral institutions in the world should also be strengthened and everyone should have room to participate in and we hope that this is heated because it is out of the strength of the multilateral system that we've been able to address many problems in the world the world has prevented a world war because the UN which is a multilateral organization has held us together and has prevented that from happening and we should be thankful for multilateral organizations or institutions and strengthen them on an ongoing basis so that is the message I'll tear forward Well, as somebody who represents an international organization here I can tell you that I can give you my pledge and this of my colleagues that we will strive to be the very best to serve you to be worth of your trust that you have expressed in us and we run out of time exactly when we started warming up in a very good conversation unfortunately I need to wrap it up now and on behalf of the audience thank you and say the following someone who has so many times enjoyed the warmth and hospitality of Africans visiting Africa and someone like many here who loves Africa I am so grateful that Africa has leaders like you so happy about it and I want to finish with what we all so much love about Mandela giving us this phrase impossible until it is done 21st century is the century of Africa with leaders like you and the people of Africa Thank you