 Zotero ja refertsimanjärjestelmä on käytännössä koko ajan, fysi- ja estudi-reportit tai eri tekstit, jotka on tekstit, ja sitten on tämä referenss-liste, joka on biografiasta. Tämä ovat huolta- ja erilaiset, joten se voi olla myös vähän koko painoista, jos ei tiedä, miten käyttää software properly, and you might end up with weird citations or missing citations and all kinds of little problems if you don't use the software the way that is intended. Also it is possible that if you write with somebody else who does not know, does not use the software, they might mess up the document and then you need to fix it. So understanding how you fix broken citations is a useful skill. I'll go through my workflow in this video. So this document is just something that I typed and we have lots of citations to Eisenhower just to demonstrate some of the problems that you might have. This is something that I might have gotten from a co-author or from a student, but this has much more problems than a normal document would have. So normally I have one or two problems, this has maybe five. So let's take a look at what these problems are. We can see here that there's Kathleen and Eisenhower. So we only cite one Eisenhower in the paper. So this name shouldn't be here. The reason why the name appears is because of disambiguation. If you cite two different authors with the same last name, let's say we cite John Smith and Tim Smith, we need to indicate which Smith we are talking about. So we would add T Smith and J Smith into the citations and that is the appropriate way of citing. So we would cite the authors with the first names, first initial, but here the system doesn't work properly because it's disambiguating unnecessarily. The reason why disambiguating unnecessarily is that we have Kathleen Eisenhower's name stored in three different ways in our reference database. So we have K period, N period, K, M period, so there's no period, and we have Kathleen M period. Zodero does not know that these are the same person and we might have a person who just uses K and then we might have a person who uses Kathleen. So it is technically possible that K Eisenhower and Kathleen Eisenhower would be different people, but in this case we know that this is the same person. So that is problem number one. Problem number two is that this 1989 year we have two articles, so we have better stories, better constructs, building theories from case study research, so for we don't know which one this is referring to, so it needs to be disambiguated. Problem number three is that there's Burgos and Eisenhower 1988 in text, but that's missing from the reference list. The final problem is that we have this weird citation here, so we have Eisenhower 1999, this is not a valid citation according to the APA standard, so we have Eisenhower comma a year not one, year two instead of Eisenhower twice because it's the same model. So how do we fix these problems? We need to first understand where the problems are or what the problems are, and to do that we need a bit more information. So whenever you start troubleshooting a document the first thing that you should do is go to the work preferences then to the view tab and set field shading to always, and I have this always, that's my setting, so I have this word set up this way always, but I turn it off because it's off by default and that's how many people like to have it, but I've heard that lots of information when I write, so I've always used these formatting marks on as well. Now we can see a couple of issues, the first issue is that this word goes on Eisenhower here is just text, so it's not done with Zotero, so everything that is inserted with Zotero is now with this gray color and this is just something that somebody has typed here, so because it has been just typed then it's not managed by Zotero and therefore it's not included in the list of references. Another interesting thing is that we see is here and this is a case, normally when you use Zotero, Zotero only manages the things within the parenthesis, so we'll take a look at what's the problem specifically here in a moment, but let's go to the next step, so the next standard step is to go to the Zotero tab and click refresh and this refresh causes Zotero to reapply the citation style and it will also go through all the citations and see if they have been edited by hat and it highlights this this weird citation and points out that originally came Eisenhower 1989, 1989 and we don't want to have this manual edit if we edit the citation, we do that through Zotero software, we don't do that by typing or taking or deleting stuff in words, so we will click no, we want to erase always the changes, so every time in all of these dialogues there is no case where you would ever want to press yes, you always want to click no because Zotero manages the citations, you don't edit them manually, so we could no to that one, this also has been manually edited and now we can see that the edit has been informative, so someone added this C here and the original does not have the C, so we want to add that C to the first citation, if you have a large number of citations it's a good idea to make notes of what you need to change because we will go through all the citations with this refresh and then we will apply all of the changes and if you need to change like 10 citations then you need to make notes, one thing that I sometimes do is take a screenshot, so I would take a screenshot of this this citation here like so and then I have it there, so that's my original and then I will need to fix that, so but now I just know that I will need to add C into the first citation all right, so we add the C here because that's what we want to have, we go to add any citation and instead of typing into the C citation we add the C prefix through Zotero and that produce is the same outcome but now it's done properly, this C is not typed by yourself by you but rather it's managed by Zotero, so if we type something like here and then we refresh then Zotero will detect that we have manually edited that citation and it offers to change those edits so let's see, it offers to eliminate those edits so we will eliminate it. Now the next thing that we do is to do the low hanging fruit, so we can see here Burgos and Eisenhower is missing, so we will just just add that, so I copied the name of the authors and I'll use the keyboard shortcut paste the name of the author and then we will go through and see this is Zotero, it is Eisenhower and Burgos and it is this one, so that's really more complete, I have a duplicate but this is incorrect case, so it's title case and we want the sentence case here, so we'll add that citation and then we'll take out the citation that somebody typed and then now this is fixed. All right, then the next step that I often do is to check a switch to a number style and the number style instead of the parenthetical authorier style allows you to find duplicate citations and it allows you to also find citations that are not properly updated by Zotero and we can see here that we have building case study theories and case study research twice and we don't want to have that, the reason why it's included twice is that we might have two copies of it and they're not properly linked to be copies or it is possible that we cite from two different libraries, so if I have a co-author I might have a group library and then I have a personal library and it is possible that one of these is from my group library, another one is from the personal library so we need to find the duplicate entries of these case study research, the way to do that is to go to document preferences and we take a look at number style, I have this IEEE, this is the number style that I like but any number style will do and we change the number style to number style so now it's not parenthetical and we can take a look at okay so we have here building case studies, building theories from case study research, this is the volume and the issue is here so that's complete and this does not have the volume and issue so this is incomplete but this is a duplicate so we can see that okay so we have number six here and then number three is missing, now why the number three is missing is that this this looks like a weird citation so it's not updated for some reason and we need to fix that before we start fixing the duplicate, what we will do, why this happens is that someone has used the soveros citation editor so this is a kind of like a legacy feature which is a bit difficult to access but it is available because it was included in the early days of the vero and maybe some users find it useful so we will go and we'll edit this citation and we'll click on edit and then there is this classic view and the classic view is an older dialogue for inserting citation so this is the one that you should use but there is this one where you can browse for citations and this was the way you added citations in zotero before they have this quick inside out and now there is citation editor here it might be hidden but because this is now edited it is shown and we can see that somebody edited this citation manually so if we type something here and we click on okay then that will be added to the citation what we'll do is we delete the manually added thing and then we'll click on okay and now zotero warns us that the citation will be blank but it's not actually the case it will not be blank it will be numbers so we will click on okay and now we have this citation again being managed by zotero instead of being a manually typed now back to fixing the duplicate number three is the duplicate and number six is the duplicate so we can see that our number three citation is the more complete and so we'll just we'll edit this citation because that's the duplicate and we'll edit it and it's the first one that is the duplicate and we will delete that we can verify that it's actually this one by clicking on it so building theories in case that there is search we will delete and we will re-add it yeah let's type a bit more and we have now a few copies of the isent heart article the reason why this duplicate is that this is cited one of these is cited from a group library another one is cited from my library so we can see that there is a there's the same article from my library so this is a building case study building case study research we have this sbl group library building theories on case study research and then another copy in another group library when you fix these duplicate citations you always sign there on the version of the article that you have cited before so it shows that we have cited building theories on case study research we didn't sign the same version instead of any other of these versions this is of course not a problem you don't use group libraries but i would guess that the many research do and because of that reason there is a problem there can be also a problem if you have two people working on the same document and both citing isent heart 1989 from their personal libraries instead of citing from the citation that is already in the document so we will choose the person that is already in the document and that will fix the problems and now we have only one copy of building theories from case study research and if you want to understand from which libraries these are cited you can you can do it here so we can see this is from the sbl library and this is from our from my library so these are from from different libraries but it doesn't make a difference uh because they're different citations if you have the same citation from different libraries then it appears as a duplicate in the list of references generally what i recommend is that when you write yourself always cite from your library and your library only if you write with co-authors always cite from the library that you you share with co-authors and never from from my library of course there are exceptions to the rule like if you have a citation that's only just once and it's just in your text either have it in the group library then it's completely okay to cite it from your library instead of using the group library so so we'll do that the next thing that we'll do is it switch back to our normal citation style so we'll go to document preferences we will go to our ap a seven we'll click okay and then uh we'll check that everything is okay so we have now uh Kathleen Eisenhardt spelled km and uh we have uh this this c appears correctly this is disambiguated properly and uh we would need to add here the name of Eisenhardt because that was included in the citation and now we need to have it in the text and we'll still have some problems now we have individual citation that we depicted so this is capitalized incorrectly and we will need to go to the citation and we go to the Eisenhardt Martin we go edit citation and then we'll uh we could open my in my library then uh it opens it here we right click the title case sentence case i mean and then uh we will fix the citation and uh the correct capital is there and we we click on it then that fixes the citation and what we're going to final is to do refresh just to make sure that everything is okay and everything is okay and now this document has been fixed so let's take a look at the workflow they are the workflow is that we first toggle field calls on to see what comes from sotero and what's typed manually then we refresh citations and for every manual we add a citation make note of the modifications and apply the modification to sotero for example if we have this this c typed manually we will add it through the insert citation and then uh we replace manual type citation with sotero so this is the uh the Eisenhardt and Burgos article locate all duplicate entries in bibliography we had the case study resource article decided twice then we switch the numbers file to locate the duplicate references in text and then we find every reference that did not update and eliminate uh and when we change that by eliminating uh change is done with the citations editor in classical then we fix back to author your style we fix author names if there are any problems anymore so normally it should be first then spend it uh uh spread out fully like we have here and then the first initial note for example k period and period or k without period and period like we have in the first version and then we fix the capitalization article so this is the workflow for fixing our citations these document contain every possible problem that I could think of normally going through the workflow when I get broken document takes a couple of minutes to fix everything and then we're good to go uh one good idea is to to keep on fixing the document as you get the problems so if you have a document with very inconsistent use of reference management software that has hundreds of references and then you want to fix it in the end then that's a lot of work and it's also difficult to keep track of all all manual edits so it's a good idea that when you get a document you go through any possible errors when you get it from a co-author and then you fix them right away instead of waiting at the end