 For this global food system summit dialogue, my name is Carol Voudreau and I'm the Senior Land and Resource Governance Advisor at USAID. At AID, I support the design, development, and implementation of programs around the world that work to secure land rights. I also support efforts to create policies that reflect the really key role that land plays in promoting a whole variety of development objectives. So we appreciate you taking the time out of your schedules to contribute to this important discussion. This dialogue is convened by the Land Portal Foundation to draw attention to the importance of land governance as a cross-cutting thread that needs to underpin the success of the summit's five action traps. It's being presented in partnership with the European Commission, the ILC, Land Act, the Netherlands Land Academy, RVO, which is the Netherlands Enterprise Agency, GIZ, and Weltvogelhofer. So again, very warm welcome to you and thanks to our conveners. Let's turn right to the issue now, though. Securing land rights is absolutely critical for realizing sustainable food systems that provide food security, that overcome poverty, and do these things in ways that do not unnecessarily harm the environment. Security of property rights is central to preserving livelihoods, to maintaining social stability, and to creating an enabling environment for really much needed investments. Those can be on farm investments, they can be investments in human capital and training and more. It's also essential to support sustainably intensified and productive land uses. So as research and evidence demonstrates, secure land tenure provides farmers, women, and man farmers, and we're going to ask ourselves on mute while we're talking, so thank you so much for putting your mute on. As we were saying, research and evidence demonstrates that secure land tenure provides farmers, both women and men, but as well, indigenous peoples, pastoralists, and others with the incentives they need to invest to improve their land, their soil, their capabilities. It can also help farmers increase access to financial services, to government programs, to social safety nets, and this is particularly important we know for women. Land rights in fact are a key to enabling poor women and men to exercise their fundamental right to be free from hunger and poverty, to live with dignity. And at the international level, we have frameworks that can help us achieve these goals, including the principles for responsible investment in agriculture and food systems, as well as the voluntary guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure of land fisheries and forests. By the way, the voluntary guidelines tenure anniversary coming up this coming May. These guidelines, these international frameworks have been developed to guide agricultural investments so that they contribute to, rather than undermine food security. As the food system summit underscores, we need to recognize the essential importance of transforming food systems and food production to do three things. Feed the world rising population and do this in a way that meets nutrition goals. Secondly, ensure decent livelihoods for those who produce our foods. And thirdly, decrease the emissions of greenhouse gases coming from agriculture and other related land uses. So we have to feed people, meet nutrition and livelihood needs and do this in a more efficient and sustainable way to help protect the environment and address climate concerns. And these are really big asks. They're big challenges, but big challenges can also present big opportunities. We'll be exploring some of the challenges as well as the opportunities here today. So let me tell you how the dialogue is going to work. This dialogue will begin with a discussion among our very esteemed panelists. I will ask each panelist a few questions. This will be followed by three different breakout sessions. One is going to be focused on women's land rights, another on pastoral land rights and the commons and a third on indigenous land rights. You'll be invited in each of these sessions to to share your concrete ideas for how we can achieve food security by enhancing land and property rights of these groups. The breakout sessions are going to last for 20 minutes and you're free to join whichever group is of most interest to you. We will have facilitators in those sessions and after 20 minutes we'll come back to the plenary and our colleagues who are facilitating those discussions are going to report back to us on what was discussed. So without further ado, please allow me to introduce our panelists. Let me start first with Ms. Nina Susana-Setra, who is an indigenous woman leader from the Diakumal community of West Kalamutan, Indonesia. Nina is currently the deputy to the secretary general of Amman on social cultural affairs. Amman, which is the indigenous peoples alliance of the archipelago Indonesia, has 2,422 indigenous communities as active members. For 18 years now, Ms. Setra has worked on indigenous issues locally, nationally and internationally. David Kamlitz is manager of the forest and farm facility, which is hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, the FAO. He previously served as a senior advisor to the Climate and Land Use Alliance and as senior consultant to the Latin American Regional Office of the FAO. He also directed the Ford Foundation's global work on natural resources and climate change and served as director general of the Center for International Forestry Research, C4. Next, the Honorable Ellen Olunfe Pratt, who is with us today. She's commissioner of land use and management with the Liberia Land Authority. Commissioner Pratt is an executive management professional and a certified urban planner with a specialization in urban infrastructure development. She has over 20 years experience in public and private sector institutions, both in the US and Liberia. And as one of the five commissioners of Liberia's newly legislated land agency, Commissioner Pratt is charged with the development of a national land use planning and management framework, which will be the first comprehensive land planning strategy developed in Liberia. Okay, and last but not least, Mr. Joao Corillo is a researcher at OMR, a research center for rural and agricultural issues. He's also former Vice Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development in Mozambique from 2000 to 2005. Mr. Corillo's background is in civil construction and agricultural development, and he holds a master's degree in remote sensing. He is currently a member of the National Land Policy Review Committee, and he is the panelist I'm going to turn to first. So, Joao, starting with you. Let's take a few minutes and you can describe for us the relationship between secure land tenure and food production in Mozambique. What is that relationship like? Over to you, Joao. And Joao, you may still be on mute. I'm no longer in the ministry, and now I'm out of this and I'm retired person. Most food in Mozambique is produced by small elders in community lands managed under customary rules and customary norms in Mozambique. Above 95% of the food is produced by them. They occupy most of the land, but 95% of the oldings have less than five hectares. And these lands they occupy and produce food in. They are not registered. They are not formally registered. So, rights on land and food production, you can see how close they are. Decisions on land use, especially what to produce and when. And the actual work is made mostly by women. And even when they have their names on the deeds, we know that women have less tenure security than men farmers. Current arrangements and legislation recognize customary occupation. There is a perception that they provide reasonable security of tenure, but there are increasing risks to this security. Especially because there is increased demand for land from commercial, local and global actors in the food system. There is increased activity to convert land from agriculture to other uses. And there is an expansion of cities and settlements or establishment of new ones. So, I think that some form of formal recognition is needed. With particular attention to urban areas, especially in Africa, where the rate of urbanization is one of the highest in the world. And we know that both formal and informal arrangements are incomplete. Sometimes inconsistent and facing uncertainty. Regularization processes are going on everywhere, including in Mozambique, but they are shown to be bureaucratic and centralized. In some places, they increase rather than decrease the rates of conflict and ends the perception of tenure insecurity. For me, it is almost impossible to achieve sustainability without factoring in the political and ideological dimension. And we need to give space for this. For some, privatization is needed. For other, it is, it may be less important than a clear and known tenure system. So, the composition, organization, functioning, aims, and hidden issues, all these need to be brought to light to improve the food system worldwide. And this is how I would describe the situation and the relationship between land tenure rights and food production in Mozambique, Carol. Thank you. Joao, thank you so much. And thanks for starting us by that focus on the critical role of small holders in so many countries, the pressures that they're facing, and the need to think about processes to secure rights, whether it's through an improved registration process or otherwise, but also taking into account those political concerns. So, great way to start us off. Thank you so much, Joao. And we'll come back to you in just a little bit. Meanwhile, let me now give the floor to Nina, turning to you with regard to land issues, what do you see as two or three big opportunities or perhaps things that need to be done to support and promote sustainable intensification of agriculture for indigenous peoples in Indonesia? Thank you so much, Nina. Over to you. Thank you, Carol. Good evening, everyone from Indonesia. I think that for indigenous peoples, the most important things is ensuring indigenous peoples rights on land and territories, because indigenous peoples have great contribution on protection of forests, biodiversity, nature, ecosystem. When land rights legally recognize, we can contribute even greater, including on ensuring sustainable agriculture, food security, and sovereignty. Guarantee access to develop traditional agriculture practices. Indigenous traditional agriculture has been so many years, so many times scapegoat, yeah, as the cause of forest fires, which is unfair and untrue. So we need to have a guarantee on access to develop our traditional agricultural practices, because there are so many traditional knowledge in doing this traditional agriculture. And other things that is important, I think, is to develop roadmap on sustainable organic farming. We need to start changing our agriculture habit, which using so much chemical into organic farming with clear target using the roadmap that we can follow. And other things, it is really important to identify, to do documentation and recognize, as well as promoting and preserve local seeds. It is proven until today that local seeds have great resilience to the changing of climate. Local seeds also can help ensuring diversity of food that can contribute to healthy diet. And the last one is, I think it is really extremely important to support and strengthen the role of Indigenous youth and women in this whole system. We have a great examples in Indonesia with Indigenous youth homecoming movement that basically call Indigenous youth in the cities to return back to their communities to help to prevent and also manage their territories. And many of them coming back to their territories and develop sustainable agriculture with traditional, based on traditional knowledge. I think that's my point for now. Carol, back to you. Thank you. Nina, thank you so much. Really appreciate that. So interesting to hear about the Indigenous youth homecoming movement. And I really appreciate you underscoring the importance of Indigenous knowledge and Indigenous practices to achieve healthy diets and improve nutrition. So thank you so much for that. Ellen, we're going to turn to you now. And we're wondering if you can please share the context of land governance and food security in your country of Liberia. Over to you, Ellen. Good afternoon, everyone. And thank you, Carol. So in Liberia, 80% of our land is unbeaten. It's mostly rural, customary land where poor residents make a living farming. Land in Liberia is the foundation and an equity asset for more people. And you can imagine the pressures we face as we endeavor to develop a sustainable and equitable land management agenda in a country where land governance has been plagued by them and fraud and attempt to solve land conflicts by wielding cutlasses and machetes. That's a country we, like most developing nations, realize that agriculture is the surest way to lift our people out of poverty, reduce inequality, and with good governance, start to achieve our vision of a middle income Liberia by 2030. Women comprise 80% of Liberia's rural agricultural labor force. Securing tenure rights for women is critical to strengthening food systems in the country. Recently, the land rights law 28 also known as the Land Rights Act. For the first time in our nation's history, all Liberians have the opportunity to own land, including women. The LRA by law transfers the ownership of what was public land to the customary communities that have traditionally occupied those lands with the allowance that each member of the community that is both male and female is allocated a portion of it for themselves. However, we see that there is a medable disconnect between policy implementation and equality. Yes, the law enshrines support and rights. But how do we as a government ensure that it becomes a reality for the rural mother represents 80% of the agricultural labor force and whose tenure insecurity is a system threat? The challenge for us is moving beyond policy to implementation of these and other changes that can fundamentally alter rural land tenure in Liberia and change the lives of women and girls and catalytically strengthen food systems. Securing land rights provides agricultural investors with the assurance needed. The lack of this secure tenure has hampered agricultural investments in rural Liberia and tenure rights who strengthen food systems if we are more aggressive in supporting customary communities to obtain their needs. I think I will stop there and turn it back over to you. Thank you. Ellen, thank you so very much and thanks for calling out the importance of women's land rights in Liberia where you do have this really interesting and progressive new law but does need implementation if you're going to help that 80% of the community or 80% of the agricultural laborers who are women. So thank you so much for your efforts and we are now going to turn over to David. David, I know that your work has focused extensively on the Amazon region. Can you describe for us the importance of land tenure in the Amazon for sustainable food systems? Over to you, David. Thank you very much Carol and of course the forest and farm facility works in many countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America but I will be talking today about the nine countries in the Amazon basin and first I'm going to try to explain why the forests of the Amazon basin are so important for food systems then why the indigenous peoples in the Afro-descendant communities that live in those forests are so important to maintain the forests and then finally the role of land tenure and land tenure reforms in that context. The forests in the Amazon basin produce huge amounts of water that goes into the sky and that provides rain for many of the surrounding areas particularly to the south of the Amazon basin and to the west of the Amazon basin which is so important for agriculture in those areas. Second, the trees in the Amazon basin keep temperatures low and those lower temperatures are fundamental for crop production particularly soybean production in much of the Brazilian Cerrado and southern Amazon which is important for soybean production globally. Third, the biodiversity in these Amazon forests are very important for new medicinal plants, new types of medicines, the medicinal plants that people traditionally use but also for producing new crop varieties of many crops where the wild relatives live or exist in those forests and finally the carbon emissions from these forests if the as far as were lost would greatly contribute to global warming so it's very important for both the local and the regional and the global farming systems that these Amazon forests remain. Now what does that have to do with indigenous peoples and afrodescendant communities? It turns out that about one-third, maybe a bit more than one-third of all these forests are managed by indigenous communities and afrodescendant communities in the Amazon basin and the better forest that has more biodiversity and higher carbon densities actually a much higher percentage is in the hands of these indigenous communities and experience shows that these indigenous communities and afrodescendant communities have been very good guardians of these forests they are much better preserved and have been lost the deforestation and forest degradation rates have been much slower there but nonetheless the pressures on these forests are rising very quickly people who are moving into them to expand agriculture mining logging petroleum drug trafficking and unless these indigenous communities and afrodescendant communities get stronger land rights they won't be able to continue to protect those forests effectively. Many countries in the Amazon basin have provided land rights there is large areas that have been titled but much more remains to be done not only to title these lands but also to ensure that these titles are respected and that they are not titled areas are not illegally invaded and to ensure that these indigenous communities have free prior and informed consent over investments so the governments are not giving logging concessions or mining concessions in indigenous territories that have already received their title so in a nutshell these forests are incredibly important for Latin America's agriculture indigenous peoples and afrodescendant communities manage a large percentage of those forests very well but they will only be able to continue to do so if there's more land rights and stronger government support thank you. David thank you so much thanks for helping us connect the dots between why it's so critically important to protect forested areas and the critical ecosystems in the Amazon region if we're also interested in food security as well the really critical role that indigenous and afrodescendant communities play in that process so thank you so thank you so much for that. Now I'm going to turn back to Joao. Joao we've seen that the land rights of indigenous people small holders people in the Amazon and farmers in Liberia especially women all of these groups play a critical role in providing food security um so Joao regarding the issues you mentioned earlier some of those challenges what what do you think needs to be done to address these over to you Joao. Joao if you can just unmute thank you. Thank you thank you I always forget this I was saying that yes it is important to have laws laws are very important to to to secure rights but implementing them may be quite challenging we have a reasonable law in Mozambique from 97 but we still lag in implementation in my experience grand plans usually also reflect grant frustration so but there are things that we can do and I I suggest that we should we should we should ensure the new security to ensure food security monitoring first monitoring of land use changes we need to to to monitor land use changes this implies obviously access to technological and human resources capable of doing that at an appropriate scale uh for a second there need to be a linkage between land rights and limits of resource availability uh the the potential of the land need to be to be taken into consideration and this implies the capacity for spatial planning to prevent a losing land away from food production this can be informal this can be formal also but the formal plans tend to be slow they they are not very flexible and their reaction to dynamic of situation and uncertainty of the times is sometimes lagging especially due due to these institutional inertia so bridging formal and informal process procedures may help third I think that monitoring the regularization process that is going on in in various places uh to ensure that a bundle of rights is considered and that easements the do not precude uh rights for instance access to grazing and pasture land follow movements of resettlement associated with conflicts and weather or climate events for instance the the conflict in the northern Mozambique displaced some 700 000 people from the place and be prepared to intervene if needed and also assisting the capacity to improve local level cadastral local level cadastral may be updated uh and and and may be uh trustful uh because the they know the the the people there of course this needs to be linked to a to a national cadastral but the decentralization of of cadastral and registration processes in in my opinion is very important finally one of the best ways to secure land rights land rights is by using the land uh using the land you secure the land and the secure land rights are of little advantage uh to produce food if this land cannot be used by the right zone the banks not always are prepared to to accept land as a collateral especially when when there are poor there are poor uh uh creditors so this implies access to information on education for and opportunities to assess finance prices and markets for food production by the small elders by the small farmers to produce to process and of course even the consumption side of the equation need to be to be factory so uh if these people so these are these are my these are my my my my my suggestions my four suggestions so if if we can do these and put the the doors open either to enter or to exit the global food system it I think it is very important thank you Carol Joao thank you so much you set out some challenges for us and then you provided us with some some really practical ideas for how to address these problems and your point about local registries uh very well taken as well as your final point that farmers don't only need land they need other inputs as well to build their capacity and enable them to enter into global markets thank you so much for that all right you know we're going to come back to you um and I'm going to ask you a question actually two questions around that are related to climate change so when it comes to addressing climate change and biodiversity we know as David mentioned just a moment ago with increasing certainty that indigenous peoples play a really critical role in protecting and conserving the ecosystems in which they live and those efforts they benefit all of us um yet we see very different levels of political will to secure indigenous lands and territories we see some but limited progress in other areas in terms of delivering titles uh even when laws and policies support these rights that might get to the theme I'm hearing from many of you of having laws but not necessarily implementing laws and finally there are serious problems in some areas protecting rights and preventing problems like illegal law so so Mina that was a long introduction I have two questions for you the first is what practically should we be doing to make sure that the people who do so much to conserve the environment have stronger secure rights over their territories question number one and question number two how would this effort contribute to stronger more sustainable food systems Mina thank you very much for yours thank you Carol um based on our experience in Indonesia we think it is important to provide evidence of our territories we are often asked by governments or companies about the evidence that we are exist you know uh like well if you are indigenous peoples where is your territory where is it located what is the data you know something like that so it is important to provide evidence on this in Indonesia we do mapping of indigenous territories that is one of our strategies today we have mapped 12.2 million hectares of indigenous people's territories including uh documenting of social data which go along with the map it is important to get the information we have handover these maps to government so we can use so they can use this to accelerate the recognition of indigenous territories recognition of indigenous territories can ensure indigenous peoples have full access to manage their territories including their food productions and if managed sustainably it is also can has a high economic value uh in 2018 uh Aman with three prominent universities in Indonesia we conducted studies on the economic valuation uh from indigenous territories in six communities and the results show that economic value in one community only it's bigger than the gross regional domestic product which is really surprising and this is not included yet the carbon from indigenous territories uh other evidence that is important uh i think is uh our traditional knowledge on agriculture systems uh it is important to document this yeah we have so many examples of this uh agriculture system traditional knowledge uh like subak paddy field system in bali for example or lingo system uh it is a spider web spider web paddy field system in mangara and tete for example you can google it if you want uh including the traditional knowledge uh on storage system like lewitt system in all kasepuhan community in west java and many other in other communities um regarding to food system i i have to also tell the the uh disinformation in 2018 we did a study on the state of indigenous food system in indonesia and the result of the study has strengthened our preliminary assumption actually on the influence of global market demand to the changing of indigenous territories that has that impact to indigenous food system it provides simple but strong evidence by showing a comparisons on the situation of food diversity and availability in indigenous communities based on the condition of their territories in conclusions uh we think uh it is ensuring indigenous food sovereignty is the only way to protect indigenous food system and food sovereignty can only be achieved if communities have full control over their land and territories uh that's from me uh carol thank you mina thank you so much and that was a powerful way to conclude that food sovereignty is really the only way to protect indigenous food systems and food sovereignty really requires full control over land and territories thank you thanks for thank you for that so much all right ellen i'm going to come back to you um you underscored for us the really critical role that women play as food producers and in turn to feed their families how have we done enough do you think to ensure that women have secure access to and control over the land that they depend upon to raise crops keep livestock or harvest wild food and and what do you see as the major impediments that women continue to face um so i'm asking you a three-part question so uh are we doing enough what are the big impediments and number three how are you addressing this issue ellen i'll turn the floor to you thank you carol so that's a provocative question are we doing enough um we are getting there while all the lra's on the books it is actually not being implemented to the fullest sufficient awareness has not happened around women's land rights and while the lily has the potential to strengthen the voice of women and to give women a platform totally as good as the knowledge of the people that it impacts i need to do more to build the capacity of women in order to help them to understand how this can change their lives for the better need to advocate for and actually give them the support they need to argue these rights on the country a lot of life here in women know there is a new law but that is the extent of the involvement with any policy discussions they don't feel they have the intellectual capacity to be at the table in liberia the literacy rate in barriers for women is 23 so a lot of our women can write and they do not feel they have skills to actually dialogue on these issues so we need to do more to secure their rights there are the major agricultural laborers and feeding their families on the land they farm food security is practically linked to tenure security and the gaps need to be closed with advocacy policy and fit for purpose solutions our challenge is we have inherited a very patrilineal society where women continue to be marginalized so we understand what the challenges are and work actively to address those education and advocacy and support thank you gerald ellen thank you indeed so much for that really appreciate your thoughts there and what you are doing with the lla in your country to address those those challenges david i'll come back to you we mentioned this earlier we know that youth are going to play and need to play a major role in transitioning food systems so from your perspective what needs to be done with respect to land or land rights and tenure issues to bring more young women and men into the agriculture sector as either farmers or as innovators and agro entrepreneurs david you have the floor thank you very much carol one thing maybe i didn't emphasize enough in the last question was that there is actually a lot of evidence that shows that land rights for these indigenous peoples and afro-descendant communities does reduce forest loss and forest degradation but another thing that's very important that we've also seen in the evidence to reduce forest loss and forest degradation is traditional knowledge is cultural identity is the cultural norms and practices of these indigenous communities the the reason why the fact that they're indigenous or afro-descendant in forested areas is so important is because they have a series of traditions a very strong knowledge and relationship to the forest that can easily be lost when you go from one generation to another you can lose that and it could stay just with the elders and not be passed down by women to the next generation of youth and really embraced by young people and to get that to be embraced we need a number of things one we need to empower and i don't really like the word empower but we need to recognize the importance of these young people in the process and we need to promote gender equity given the strong role of women is kind of the guardians of much of this traditional knowledge and we need to have educational systems they really support this traditional knowledge and cultural identity and don't undermine it by making people believe that these things are not important that they should be going off and doing something else and then finally we need to build economic alternatives that are based on this traditional knowledge that allow people to turn it into something that's valued by the rest of society and can help them make a living whether that be learning about forest monitoring for some project whether it be ecotourism whether it be handicrafts whether it be multiple different options that allow you to convert traditional knowledge into something that young people can see will bring them both income and status thank you David thank you so much for that really appreciate your thinking um i want to thank david ellen nina and joao for this really wonderful and wide ranging discussion as i was listening some common themes that i heard were the absolute the the essential the essentialness of protecting the producers and the stewards the producers of our food the stewards of these resources as well as their knowledge in their cultures the requirement to really close the implementation gap between law and and to enable people to exercise their rights and finally to provide the additional support that's needed for people to succeed so so that's what i'm taking away from this conversation so far but now we want to give you the opportunity to share your views on what else needs to be done or what we got right well we maybe need to tweak a little bit so as mentioned before um now we're going to go into three breakout sessions for 20 minutes um we're right on time so this is great you can choose which one of the three sessions you'd like to join one will be focused on women's land rights one will be focused on the commons and pastoral land issues i want to note that we didn't spend much time talking about really much at all talking about pastoral land issues but this is such an important issue um in many parts of the world and so we encourage you uh if that's an interest of yours to please join that group and weigh in and then finally we'll have a session on indigenous land rights i'll say that the session on women's land rights will be led by christina timponi kambiyaji from the international land coalition the session on commons and castralism will be led by konstanza von olpen from the german organizations of hunger hilfe uh she will facilitate along with reta menberu for the land for life project from europea and then the session on indigenous land rights will be led by hema bettsenga from rvo in the netherlands okay these sessions are going to start momentarily and i just want to encourage you please don't hesitate to take the floor and express your views we really appreciate it all right um if you're coming back in all right not in quite yet um so let's just let's just wait for a moment yeah carol you might just have to wait a one more minute and then everybody will be back in i put in a little bit of a buffer in the timer yeah that's much appreciated thank you so much neil all right well actually konstanza's group came back first uh so maybe what we'll do is switch switch uh the order that i've had planned and konstanza if we can impose upon you why don't we start with you and hear the readout from the pastoralist group and then we'll turn back to hema so konstanza over to you okay i actually um reta my colleague reta and i decided to share roles so reta you want to pick off and then i add perfect excuse me reta of course over to you yeah can you can you hear me great so all right thanks um so let me start with uh uh the what edmund mentioned that's the way for what one of the way forward um um they are piloting edmund is an irish farmer um they are piloting what they call a decentralized um autonomous organization um akin to the cooperatives for small holders uh whereby uh live stocks are given unique ideas uh or seances uh equals them and land is also digitized for payments for uh livestock grazing so addressing both issues of uh securing land rights as well as translating it in some uh secure for security elements there so uh this kind of empowers the pastoralist communities uh to advocate for their land rights and access to some grazing of land um that's one way forward uh the other one is from dr wagtole working with us id on pastoralist uh land rights section uh so uh in addition to empowering communities at the grassroots he uh suggests that we should work across the whole system both at the policy and governance levels um and also at the operational levels some good policies get lost on the way uh never getting implemented in line with what uh the experience we had about women's rights from liberia so we might have good laws but they don't get translated or implemented so uh working across those levels of policy implementation and also empowering communities will be a kind of a comprehensive solution um and then the other one was uh from the african development bank maria uh mariale uh were on land govern land governance specialist her suggestion was that uh mainstreaming is the key uh on securing land rights so that those rights are read uh along with other uh investment areas um she also talked about issues of uh other rights uh for pastoralists uh rights of passage or routes rights to water um uh what we call us uh the bundle of rights uh collectively together so mainstreaming is an element uh or the way to emphasize and the other one is from uh face uh alubi uh from kenya land rights um she has a quite a number of challenges faced by the pastoralist communities in kenyas but she emphasized um a couple of issues at the way forward number one is the appreciation of the pastoralist way of life the pastoralist economy uh by the uh duty bearers uh and others working on land governance so there there is diversity and complexity there so understanding that is critical uh on the other hand uh on the demand side uh raising the awareness of the pastoralists about the governance system the land governance system so that they can exploit to the fullest uh that was also a recommendation she made and then finally uh a South African experience I guess by michael barry uh about uh uh ensuring that pastoralists have the information uh on complex land governance issues uh and they are aware uh what their entitlements are and what they are defending or asking uh and also having a long term view uh recognizing the complexity of uh uh tenure issues uh he mentioned 100 years view uh on uh issues of uh uh entitlements uh I think and also uh having a clear evidence uh to defend entitlements uh that has been also a challenge I guess he mentioned in Canada uh so let me stop there those are some of the issues I have captured over to you uh Constance no I think that was very well reiterated uh and very well captured from our conversation what was really coming up strongly I think was the focus on awareness raising awareness among pastoralists then the bundle of rights yeah the complexity of pastoral land rights and that those need to be um recognized in um land governance systems yeah um and acknowledged in those systems and the issue also of mainstreaming land rights into other programs I think these were some of the key recommendations coming up from the group uh Reita and Constance thank you so much really interesting discussion on pastoralism I appreciate your facilitation of that conversation Hema let's turn over to you you were in the Indigenous Peoples group let's hear a read out from your group please yeah sure and I was a little bit late in joining my group actually so we didn't have too much time um but uh yeah we focused on Indigenous Peoples land rights and we tried to identify concrete ideas of how to improve the land rights and also turn that into food security um I also mentioned to the group that as a group we were kind of spoiled with a very good introduction by some of the panelists into some of the issues relating to Indigenous Peoples and Land Rights and I think we had an we had an interesting discussion experiences were shared from Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Sierra Leone and it was stressed for example that it's important to understand the underlying revenue system in for Indigenous communities there might be underlying sources of revenue that we don't see directly in the case of Indigenous communities and something else that was mentioned by a contribution from Sierra Leone is also the role of of civil society to organize themselves and then linked to that the importance of of multi-sector approach in targeting the challenges around around Indigenous communities the challenges that they face towards land rights there was a discussion also a little bit on whether it helps to talk about Indigenous people separately or rather also talk about local communities since the challenges that they face are similar and I think I'll just leave it to the panel to also reflect on that because I I think there's a bigger discussion about about those issues also ongoing in in the field and maybe yeah to close that was interesting FAO shared some of their experiences in starting working on the legal side first as kind of a basis to build on to to strengthen the rights of Indigenous people so they shared some of the experiences working in the Mekong region and working with with the governments to yeah to work on the legal framework for for this so yeah I'll leave it at that and yeah I hope I reflected our discussions well. Emma thank you so much really appreciate hearing what you had to talk about such an interesting issue all right last but not least Christina we're going to turn over to you you were leading the women's land rights group and women play such an important role in promoting and securing food for their families what are the insights and concrete actions that people suggested in your session. Thank you Carol Elise she kindly volunteered to be the note taker and also to the report back to plenary so Elise please thank you so much for doing this great job of taking notes just a small observation our group was highly had a high participation of men who contributed to the discussions this was very interesting so Elise please you have the floor. Okay so I'll just basically read from my notes but basically one of the I think one of the points made was that in sequence what needs to be addressed is the issue of access to land then ownership of land and third the control of the land and its use there was another point made about clearly defining the property rights of women as well as involving the traditional leadership for for any kind of durable and sustainable solutions multiple points on awareness raising and information to address not only the cultural biases but also to inform on on the legal rights and on the services available that was including even you know the type of land transaction types that that are made available and and more empowering programs for for women in different different areas I would say perhaps also for for the communities that large and when it comes to patriarchal customs then some modalities specific to women to be thought about such as flexible payments modalities for the land and also building links between you know access to justice and the recognition of rights so you know having so that the rule of law is is actually implemented and implementable there was also an interesting point made from a cultural anthropologist so it was about positive reinforcement or or using positive variant type of success stories from from women to to raise awareness and and and inform I guess so there was other points made about addressing social and gender norms and and engaging and with private sector these were not verbally made but they were made given points given in writing and so this was all pertaining to the first question and and only one point made on the question too which is you know what's the impact on the food security nutrition so obviously increased access to credit to women through rural financial services if you have a land rights this helps and you know it also allows for leasing agreements to be put in place so a land that's not used by a particular female headed household can be become an in a source of income so these were points raised and yeah time was too short Carol can I just add one thing that was not really discussed in our group but I think it's important also for us to think about is that we've been addressing in the discussion women and rights as an individual right no as property land property rights but when it comes to community where you have a situation of common lands many of of women are taking away from the spaces of decision making no so I think this is also important to have in mind that women should for cultural barriers or something like that but women should be included in the decision making process of the collective decisions not so she can also give her voice and make part of the decision making process when it comes to community level thank you so much excellent Christina and Elise thank you both so much and we have about six minutes left according to my clock so we're going to be we're going to start our wrap up now and I want to start that wrap up by reminding all of you that the aim of this dialogue is to provide concrete recommendations that feed right into the food system summit the summit is taking place on September 23rd in New York and our conveners today will be submitting feedback through the official feedback form but we know that we need to do more than this if we want the summit to address the challenge of land insecurity and I think we've heard in so many different ways today that this is this is a problem for so many people a problem that they face each day in their lives whether they're farmers pastoralists um forest dwellers many many people likely hundreds of millions of people face this insecurity on a daily basis so today's session can send an important message we've heard from government representatives we've heard from people at UN agencies we've heard from civil society and we've heard from people working in indigenous peoples organizations we've also though heard from you about the serious problems that insecurity creates how it directly impacts livelihoods communities our ability to feed the world in a sustainable manner and how it can impact the environment and contribute to climate change so let's see this dialogue as a call to the food system summit and to the UN General Assembly to put this issue at the center of its ambitious agenda not to sideline land rights and land governance but to really center an equitable sustainable transformation of food systems on the rights of women and men to the land they depend upon for their lives their livelihoods their cultural heritage and and more um let me also take a moment to point out that there is an active global conversation and work that's being done among donors civil society the private sector and other actors to promote good land governance and this includes developing a multi-stakeholder global land agenda and a framework for action so this is all exciting those of you who are in this meeting you understand how critical this issue is let's try to raise this issue up it's not one of the um action tracks at the summit but needs to be woven through all the all the different action tracks and so hopefully our efforts today can contribute to that with just a few moments left I think we're going to do a lightning round and then we'll close out so my lightning round for our panelists today is let's hear if you have a message you'd like to share with the food system summit uh David I'm going to start with you what's the message you'd like to convey to the folks at the food system summit and and very brief very briefly the message is that land tenure security communal land tenure security for indigenous peoples afro-descendant communities traditional communities can reduce deforestation and that can have a global impact on the food system in a very positive way David thank you so much Joao let's turn to you quick message uh uh my my quick message is that uh when the land rights are secure we can dream of uh of food security that is a great short message I love that message uh thank you thank you so much Nina how about you I what I want to say they already say it but I think again to to strengthen again what I'm saying before uh we are we truly believe that food sovereignty is the only way to protect indigenous food system and indigenous food system can can can be the foundation also for food sovereignty in national level and that can be only achieved if we have full control over our land and territories perfect thank you so much Nina and Commissioner Pratt let us close the session with you thank you I think we we know that across the world women and girls parcel of food I think we need to look at fit for purpose and fit for context solutions that address the issues not just just address the issues holistically start to see a world where Congress you leave it thank you thank you so much Ellen and I would like to extend my personal thanks to all of you for taking time out of your day to join us to talk about this important issue it's been such a pleasure to spend time with all of our panelists and with all of you in the audience today remember this is such an important issue you have an opportunity to weigh in we'll weigh in on your behalf but in the meantime please do reach out to appropriate folks in civil society or in your governments to let your opinions be known about the role land should play in sustainable and equitable food system so thank you all so much and thanks particularly to the conveners today really appreciate the support around this issue I wish you all a very good day or good evening thank you so much everyone thank you to the organizers and to the panelists thank you all right thank you thank you