 In tech citation using APA 7th. In this video, we will cover the basics of how to properly use in tech citations in APA format. First things first, use a citation guide. A citation guide is a set of rules outlining how to properly cite sources in academic writing, offering specific formats for various source types. It ensures consistency and accuracy in citation. You can access a free online APA guide by going to the citation and research hub on the learning portal to find links to your college's citation guides. Whenever you're unsure of what to do, you can always refer to your citation guide. In APA style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. Anytime that you paraphrase or quote someone else's words or ideas within the body of your paper, you must give credit to the original author with an in-text citation. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. The in-text citation refers the reader to the full citation in the reference list at the end of a paper. The rule of thumb is that any information you include in the in-text citation must match the first thing that appears in the corresponding reference list entry. Usually this will be the author's name. APA format follows something called the author date method of an in-text citation, which requires the inclusion of the author's last name and the year of publication for the source, separated by a comma. Here's a guide along with some examples to help you master the art of APA parenthetical citation. Number one, to quote or not to quote. If you are directly quoting an author's exact words, use quotation marks around the text, then include your in-text citation. For example, quote, the impact of climate change is undeniable, unquote, followed by Smith, comma, 2020 in parentheses. If you're paraphrasing the author's ideas in your own words, quotation marks are not necessary, but a citation should still be given when your ideas are derived from another source. With summaries and paraphrases, always list the author's name. The page numbers are optional, but a page range is encouraged. If the work you're citing has a page number, include the relevant number or numbers after the publication year. To cite a single page, pursue the page number by the letter P with a period. To cite a span of pages, use the letter P twice, P-P, followed by a single period and separate the page number by a dash. If your citation is at the end of a sentence, always place the period after the parenthetical citation. Number two, author's name in the sentence. If the author's name is mentioned in your sentence, this is called a signal phrase. When you use a signal phrase, you only need to include the publication date in parentheses after you mentioned the author's name. If you are referencing a specific page, include that after the quote. For example, according to Smith, with only the publication date, 2020 in parentheses, the impact of climate change is undeniable. Then the letter P with a period followed by the relevant page number, 45. Number three, author's name not in the sentence. If the author's name is not mentioned in your sentence, include both the author's last name and the publication date along with the page number if relevant in parentheses. For example, the impact of climate change is undeniable with Smith, 2020 comma, the letter P period, 45 in parentheses. Number four, unknown author or unknown date. If the source has no identifiable author, use a shortened version of the title in quotation marks. For example, impact of climate change with the comma included in the quotation. The publication date, 2020 comma, the letter P followed by a period and the page number 45 in the parentheses. If the publication date is unknown, use the abbreviation for no date, ND, with a period following each letter. For example, your parentheses would contain Johnson, comma, N period, D period. If you mentioned the author in your signal phrase, N dot D dot would be the only thing in parentheses. For example, according to Johnson, with only the publication date in parentheses, in this case unknown, N dot D dot. Number five, multiple authors. For sources with two authors, include both names separated by an ampersand. For example, Johnson, ampersand, Miller, comma, 2018 in parentheses. If you're including the author's name within the text, make sure to fully write out the and. For example, research by Johnson, A-N-D, Miller, with only the publication date, 2018 in the parentheses. For sources with three or more authors, use the first author's name followed by et all and the publication date. In et all, et should not be followed by a period. Only all should be followed by a period. For example, in parentheses, brown et all comma, 2018. Number six, citing multiple works by the same author in the same year. If you have two sources by the same author in the same year, use lowercase letters, A, B, C, et cetera, after the year to order the entries in both the reference lists and in the in-text citation. For example, research by Smith, with 2020 A in parentheses, revealed strong correlations. However, a parallel study with Smith, comma, 2020 B in parentheses resulted in inconclusive findings. If you have multiple sources from the same author with no known date, proceed the N-dot-D-dot with a dash. For example, in parentheses, Johnson, comma, N-dot-D-dot, then a dash, then your lowercase letter, A. Number seven, using multiple sources in one citation. To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations within the parentheses by a semicolon. Order them the same way they appear in the reference list, which would be alphabetically. For example, Burke, comma, 2011, followed by a semicolon, then Dewey, comma, 2021, in parentheses. If you cite multiple works by the same author in the same parenthetical citation, give the author's name only once and follow with dates. For example, Smith, comma, 2016, comma, 2018, comma, 2020, in parentheses. Remember to check the APA handbook or the official APA website for any updates or specific details, as citation guidelines may evolve over time. You can also go to the Citation and Research Hub on the Learning Portal to see examples of how to cite various sources, both in text and in full, for a reference list. It may seem confusing and complicated to properly cite your sources, but by following these simple steps, you'll have it mastered in no time. If you ever need a little more help, check out the Citation and Research Module on the Learning Portal or contact your college library.