 I am Dr. Vishwanath, Consultant Nefrologist and HOD Nefrology. I am working at Manipal Hospital, Bangalore. The most common causes of kidney disease all over the world is diabetes and hypertension. In our country also, because diabetics are going to be on rice and in fact India is being called as capital of diabetes, diabetic kidney disease is the number one cause for kidney disease. Apart from this, uncontrolled hypertension is the second cause. Many times people will see that blood pressure is a little higher, they will think they may manage with low salt, diet, exercise, but still unless you monitor and make sure blood pressure is in control, it will definitely go on damage kidney. These are two important causes. Apart from these, in our country, many times people will go to the pharmacy, take over the counter medications which may harm the kidney, long term usage of painkillers without prescription without guidance, sometimes native drugs without knowing what it contains can cause damage. Apart from these three important causes, the most other common causes are recurrent infections of the kidney which are ignored, presence of protein in the urine which is not taken care of appropriately. Sometimes rarely congenital problems or some people are born with defects in the kidney can lead to kidney dysfunction.