 students. Now we are going to discuss the economics part of our paper 3. So we are going to discuss question number 3 and question number 12 students. First let us start with the discussion of question number 3. How did land reforms in some parts of the country help to improve the socioeconomic conditions of marginal and small farmers? That is the question. So here what are the words which should be given importance in this question or this? What are they means? Let me write the words first. So we have to structure our answer based on these words. Number one land reforms and it is clearly given it is in some parts of the country. So that is the understanding what we should have not in the entire country. In some parts of the country it became successful. Then how it improved the socioeconomic conditions of marginal and small farmers. So we have to structure our answer by giving importance to these words which are given in the question. So this is the area framework based on which we are going to structure our answer. So how the answers can be structured for this question? It is a Denmark question. So five or six points based on that we can structure our answer using this context of the question. So now we have to start the answer with a decent introduction. Introduction you can give introduction according to your own choice. Introduction we all know about the land reforms well in detail. So give a small brief about the land reforms. Give a small introduction about it is a it was a post-independent exercise which was carried out in India with the intentions of socialistic objectives and then to remove institutional discrepancies or to improve agriculture production whatever maybe. So give any sort of a small brief introduction for this question. Then we have to get into the answer. So the answer is you can start the answer by giving a proper heading. What is that? What type of heading can be given? So the heading is socioeconomic impact of land reforms on marginal and small farmers. So you give a heading like that here. Socioeconomic impact on marginal and small farmers. Socioeconomic impact on marginal and small farmers on marginal and small farmers. Okay like this we should have we can give a heading like this. Then we have to proceed with the answers. How to proceed where to start because land reform is a very big concept okay very big exercise which was carried out in India where to start what to write. For that okay let me give you a small clue based on which you can structure your answer. What is that? We all know that land reform was having certain components within it. What were they? For example the component like abolition of zemindari we know it as a component of land reforms like that security of tenure and land sealing like that many components were there within the land reforms. So that can be taken here as a subheadings or the area based on which we can structure our answer. So how those points should be applied with reference to the context of our question that we are going to do it now. For example now we are going to make the point first point. First point I am going to tell you the point now frame the point that you can write in two ways. One is you can write the point in general then you can underline the keyword or else you can give the heading subheading. Subheading under the subheading you can write your answer. So what is the first point? Land reforms now the point is we all know that the land reforms implemented the process of abolition of zemindari that you can write here. Land reforms had implemented the abolition of zemindari which in turn removed the domination of intermediaries in agriculture and then as a result okay this enabled the improvement of socioeconomic conditions of marginal and small farmers how because the these people they acted as intermediary between the state and between the farmers and whatever they decided everything was levied on the farmers starting from exorbitant rent and the kind of the practices whatever they practiced it was not helping the farmers to improve the their living standards but when these people got removed this created a kind of completely the people those who are dominating the agriculture picture so we removed them and then as a result okay these people they are able to have a breathe of fresh air because of that remove because of removal of those intermediaries so that is the understanding but how you would write the point so point should be a simple abolition of zemindari enabled the removal of institutional discrepancies or the domination of zemindars in our agriculture economy and which in turn resulted in the socioeconomic conditions improvement in the socioeconomic conditions of our marginal and small farmers and then second point how we can write second point is we all know that the land reforms at the second component called us security of tenure that can be taken here what is security of tenure one is abolition of zemindari how it improved the socioeconomic condition second point is security of tenure and then here we all know that before the implementation of land reforms the farmers were not having any security of the tenure so because of that if i'm a farmer if i'm doing agriculture at any point of time i may be evicted from a farmland because of that farmers were not having any incentives to do any investments on their agricultural land as a result the production was going down and productivity was very going backward but because of the enactment of the security of tenure through the land reforms we are able to provide a kind of security on the minds of the farmers because of that they've got incentive wise to do more investments on agriculture because of the investments on agriculture these marginal and small farmers they were able to make some decent returns through the agriculture productivity so it happened automatically the improvement in the socioeconomic conditions of the farmers so that is the second point how the security of tenure enabled them how it created a sort of confidence on the minds of farmers and how it resulted in investments and how the investments connected with the economic part and then ultimately the socioeconomic part of this question then next one we all know that land reform at a future called us land to the tiller because before that we are observing the events like scenario like absentee landlordism which means the person who were the owners they were not doing cultivation the people those who were the cultivators they were not the owners but this actually made the because we ensured that land must be under the hands of the tiller land to the tiller when it was implemented so automatically the land where lands were given to the farmers as a result we are able to create the sort of the because at the time they were they were just mere peasants but because of the enactment of land to the tiller through the land reforms able to convert the peasants to become the owners in agriculture and this it empowered them socially and economically also so next point is land to the tiller can be taken and then you can write the point you can frame the point according to your choice i'm giving idea how the point can be structured and the next point land reforms had one more component called us regulation of rent because we know that this we would have studied history the during the time of the british period the samindars the intermediaries they were charging exorbitant rent on the farmers rack renting like like that so whatever the farmers yearned they were not able to have it with them they have to share it with the samindars otherwise they may not be given the land they may be evicted but this process of regulation of rent because the rents were regulated as one fourth of the produce or one fifth or one third like the things got regulated because of that farmers were able to make some decent returns on the investments what they did in agriculture so this improve this returns what they made it improved the socioeconomic conditions of marginal and small farmers in our economy so that can be next point so the point is regulation of rent how it enabled regulation of rent how it enabled the social so you take a point then connect with the marginal small farmers then socioeconomic condition then what point next we can write next point is we know that next component of land reform is that ceiling on land holdings the the landowners they they don't they cannot hold the lands beyond the particular limit ceiling was levied and all know that you can bring here ceiling on land holdings then we have to frame the point based on that aspect ceiling on land holdings on land holdings so under this what we did we try we tried we just implement we tried getting the lands from those landlords and then we were doing the process of redistributing it to the landless masses as a result this actually empower the the complete in the rural society of India and and along with that the marginal and small farmers benefited on a large scale so in this way you can write the point so the redistribution of land holdings to the peasants or the small farmers this actually enabled the improvement of socioeconomic conditions of the peasants of the people those who are earlier peasants in our economy so like this you can you can just take this point and then you can connect the point with the context of this question in this way then what we can write we all know that next point called us consolidation of land holdings or cooperative farming it was one of the exercise under land reforms that you can write here so the point is cooperative farming land reforms enabled the consolidation of land holdings or cooperative farming among the farmers this enabled them to have more marketable access or they're able to come together and then able to have more access to the market and then they're able to do agriculture in a collective way in this angle you can write and then while doing doing it in that manner they're able to improve their socioeconomic conditions it helps the farmers to improve the socioeconomic conditions of the conditions in this way you can take a point cooperative farming or consolidation of land holdings and how we got connected with the socioeconomic conditions so these are the ways how we can take the components of land reforms and how we have to connect it with the socioeconomic conditions of marginal and small farmers then after adding all this then we have to give a proper conclusion by having this context of the question in our mind though low though land reforms it enabled the improvement of socioeconomic conditions of marginal and small farmers it was not successful in the entire part of India in the entire India it was successful in some parts of the country only the question part is some parts of the country only like states like Kerala and West Bengal where there was a highly political will was associated there it was successful in the many parts of India it was partially successful so in this angle we shall write a point based on this perspective and then we have to conclude the answer so this is the way how the question can be written it's a one it's a it's a it's a it's a one way the next thing or the next way is what you can do here in not write the submitting and all directly you just you have to you can write the point in a point by point manner here what you can do is you can write the flow chart anything whatever way so you can flow charts or they can draw the circle within that you can write the points so you can apply your innovative way of presenting the answers so this is the plot how the answer should be written for this question now we are going to we are going to discuss the answer for question number 12 now the question number 12 goes like this investment in infrastructure is essential for more rapid and inclusive economic growth discuss in the light of India's experience this is the question so what are the words which would be given importance the thing is first we are starting with the word investment in in the infrastructure so the thing is investments investment in infrastructure is essential for more rapid and inclusive growth for rapid growth as well as inclusive growth rapid and inclusive growth so we have to write our answer based on this perspective this context then what is the next part discuss in the light of India's experience in the light of India's experience discuss in the light of India's experience so it is not a question is not about uh explain not mention so it discuss so we have to go a little bit elaborate about the points what you are what we are taking what you are what you are writing writing here what we are taking here or what we are writing here so how the points must be how the points must be framed for this question that we are going to do it now for students give a introduction proper introduction how the introduction introduction may be based on this area investments in infrastructure so give a introduction so the introduction can be given here so now let's take this context and then let's give an introduction investments we all know about the how crucial how import how essential the investments in infrastructure for an economy based on that you give a small introduction the infrastructure acts like a wheel of an economy because it is the wheel based on which all the so they enter sectors of an economy so they rest on for example the primary sector secondary sector tertiary sector enter economy the rest on the infrastructure so when the wheels when the wheels are when they when they're rolling when they are moving automatically so the economy also progresses but when the wheel when the wheel doesn't move automatically all the other sectors so because all the three sectors they rest on On the wheels here we have the wheels these wheels are the infrastructure when the wheels are rolling when they are moving economy also progresses when it stops then economy also stops when it punctures or whatever happens when the wheels doesn't roll on the economy also stagnates so the point is the introduction is so the infrastructure is essentially you can write infrastructure as a engine or as a wheel whatever you can write it is your choice the words you can use according to your choice so the thing is infrastructure act as the wheels based on which all the other sectors rest on so here all the other sectors the primary secondary tertiary their movement depends on the movement of these wheels when the wheels when they are moving automatically the economy progresses when the wheels stops economy also stagnates so in this context investments infrastructure is very essential for the movement of this entire sectors which means the entire country like this you can write the introduction based on your own perspective anyway anyway you can write according to the context of the question then we have to get into the second part rapid and inclusive growth so I am going to give the answer in the incident two parts one is a small brief on this segment then more importance to this segment so here rapid inclusive and then first I am going to give a small ideas again first part is how the infrastructure is enabling rapid and inclusive growth I am going to give a small brief then the same rapid inclusive growth is going to be applied with respect to India's experience how we are able to achieve the rapid and inclusive growth with the help of India's experience so the first part is so how the infrastructure enables the rapid inclusive growth so here how it enables the rapid growth because we know that if the we have a production center here now you can give a heading infrastructure and how it is connected to the rapid and inclusive growth of an economy you can give a heading like this rapid and inclusive growth so which means you are going to write the answer for this segment of the question rapid inclusive growth now the first point is infrastructure it actually it actually it connects it connects the raw materials or is the resources with the production centers and then it makes a linkage between the production and then raw material availability and also the consumption points of an economy so here we have the consumers here we have the producers here we have the raw materials so to meet all the threes all the for example we have to bring the raw materials to the producers and then from here we have to take to the consumers all the things can take place in an uninterrupted manner in an economy only when you have the proper infrastructure all the things the pre-requirements must be available in the economy if not then the economy cannot have the rapid growth it may have the growth but it cannot have the rapid growth the word is rapid accelerated growth of an economy we may have a growth but the growth may not be as per our expectation so how means you can write the point because it connects all these points of an economy all the points are properly connected only with the help of this infrastructure so in this angle we have to address the context of the question then second point second thing is how it brings the infrastructure brings the inclusive growth of an economy how it brings means infrastructure when you have the solid infrastructure in an economy then we will be automatically having the rapid economic growth in our country when we have the rapid growth of our country when the country is rapidly growing automatically the country delivers the employment opportunities to the people when the employment opportunities are delivered to the people automatically the people will get the job and then people will get the money in their hands and then people actually they will get the purchasing power and everything so automatically the people we are developing the capabilities of all the people of our country the growth becomes more inclusive because when the infrastructure converts into the growth growth becomes the opportunities for the people so the opportunities we are seeing it in the form of the income and jobs among the people then the infrastructure has got the ability of bringing inclusive growth in our country so the point is simple but you have to connect it here infrastructure we are connecting to the growth and then how it brings the inclusive growth by giving the jobs and then giving the income making ability among the people then the next thing is infrastructure how it is normally the one is regarding the employment opportunity and inclusive growth that we have written what is another way of bringing inclusive growth with the help of infrastructure now imagine we have a rural area which is disconnected from the mainland here the people they have to make a long walk or they have to make a travel of 10 or 15 kilometers we don't have any proper bus facility or any mode we don't have so here we cannot observe any economic prosperity these people may not be included in the growth and development of the story of the country but when we build a proper infrastructure then automatically those people will get connected to the mainland so with respect to the employment opportunity all the facilities they may be able to avail they may be able to utilize with the proper connection with the proper infrastructure investments so it is actually so what the infrastructure is doing infrastructure is connecting all the length and breadth of the country so no one is left out in the economy and none is left out automatically then what is the resultant outcome the possibility is undoubtedly the inclusive growth so in this perspective you can write the third point so one is how the infrastructure enables the makes the linkages production distribution consumption then we are saying the substantiating the rapid economic growth point then second one is regarding this point how it provides employment and how it becomes more inclusive growth then the third point is how the it connects all the point how we are doing the connection how it actually helps the people to move from one part to another part and now the growth can become more inclusive this is the just I am addressing only the first part so in this angle you can conclude by making the proper connections and connectivity so we are able to enable we could be able to enable inclusive growth or achieve inclusive growth in the country then we are going to enter into the because it is 15 mark question so based on the 250 words so now we have spent some 100 words or 110 words for the for this part it up to this point then we have to write about India's experience discuss India's experience the thing is how India is able to achieve rapid and inclusive growth with the help of infrastructure investments that should be our next area so here you give the next heading what is next heading how India okay so how India is able to achieve rapid and inclusive economic growth with the help of infrastructure investments here students you always know that infrastructure can be approached in many dimensional perspective the one perspective of classifying the infrastructure is infrastructure is of two types one is there are certain infrastructures investments which we call them as economic infrastructure of a country there are certain segment of investments in infrastructure which we call them as social infrastructure this understanding first of we should have so what is meant by economic infrastructure the investments done on the economic sectors of a country you may do on the transport you may do on the on the rail projects you may do on the agriculture sector industrial sector or service sector the communication transport whatever you are doing we call them with the with the with the main intention of bringing some economic outcome in a country that is called as economic infrastructure next thing is social infrastructure so the investments in infrastructure which may have more social outcome example when you spend on the schools when you spend on building the hospitals when you spend on bringing rural connectivity as to giving some drinking water sanitation facilities to the rural people so these things and all will come under the category of the social infrastructure you should have this kind of idea then based on this when you frame the answer then exactly you would have addressed the demand of the question so here there are two ways of framing the answer the balance 120 or 130 words how we can frame means by taking the economic part how India's experience how India was able to achieve rapid economic growth with the investments in infrastructure that may be the first part then you can write how the socially we are able to have achieve inclusive growth with the help of our infrastructure investments or else you can combine both the segments then you can write the answer that is your choice so there are three ways one is first write the economic growth with help of infrastructure investments or the social inclusive growth with help of infrastructure investments or combined you can write a point how the points can be written now let me give you some tell you some points you take the agriculture so the heading is India's experience now next thing is India's experience we are going to discuss India's experience now the first one India's experience no so what we have done so based on that what we have achieved what we are not able to achieve that you can write discuss part no so here the first one say first you can write you can take the sector agriculture in agriculture since the times of our fire plan what happened we know about the first fire plan we did more investments on agricultural irrigation infrastructure so in India experience what we experienced we did more investments on agri-irrigation infrastructure so the investments on irrigation infrastructure in agriculture it resulted in the rapid growth of our agriculture sector which we had witnessed during the times of our post independence period so are able to understand the point so here we are talking about the agricultural irrigation infrastructure which we have done in our economy and how it enabled the economic growth because here I am telling the point based on the rapid economic growth segment then how it enabled the infrastructure investment how it will enable the inclusive growth so that is again part next part or you can combine manner you can write both the things so I will tell you that so how agree how the investments on the agri-irrigation infrastructure enabled the growth of our economy because we have done adequate infrastructure in building the dams and canals so wherever possible because of that we are able to improve the productivity as well as the production in our agriculture since India's experience number one second angle India actually builds more rural roads in our economy and India spent money on the building of warehouses and then the storage facilities all these enabled the proper connectivity the APMC markets so here we have some drawbacks also so that I am not mentioning here so first we are writing the positives so the thing is so here the rural infrastructure all the things were done by the government and most of the investments were public sector based investments in our economy as a result we are able to achieve rapid economic growth in our agriculture then next you can write the point is industrial infrastructure example the industrial corridors it is the investments done on the industrial infrastructure this actually brings more connectivity and enabling rapid economic growth in our country and then you can cite some Delhi Mumbai industrial corridor Chennai Bangalore industrial corridors like that you can cite some examples also industrial corridors then here you can quote the other industrial sector example the fourth one the special economic zones special what are special economic zones these are the geographical areas which are chosen by the government where we provide the top quality or the world class infrastructure and then which act as a point which will incentivize the people to make more investments so that you can write here special economic zones or the top class or the world class infrastructures provided to the industries which helps us to improve the exports and then helps us to generate more forex yearnings then you can write the next thing NIMZ also national investment manufacturing zones which these are the industrial infrastructures which were created under the national manufacturing policy of 2011 so these actually act as industrial townships where infrastructure was given by the government and this enabled the increase in the manufacturing output of our economy so that we are talking with respect to the industrial sector then with respect to the service sector next point we can write the service sector service sector for example you can take the example of transport or communication or any financial infrastructure for example take the example of transport or take the example of communication you can write about digital India mission how the digital India mission enabled the economic growth of our country and how the investments on the road infrastructure or rail infrastructure or port infrastructure or the Udaan scheme of India how it enabled the regional connectivity in our economy and how it enables the movement of the people and how it enables the rapid economic growth like that you can write about the roads, rails and then Sagarmala project any project you can write quotes from India's example you can write the point already you can write the example is the Gujarat gift city so and then that is the international financial services centre where we are planning to make India's one of the hub of international service providing international services so while doing that while giving this infrastructure we are aiming for rapid economic growth in the international financial services so in this angle you can write the point so investments in infrastructure enables us to achieve rapid economic growth in the financial services in this angle there are many points so it is a 15 mark question we have given many points for this so it is one aspect where I have talked only about the how the investments in infrastructure are enabling the economic growth of a country only that part we have seen here what is second part how the infrastructures are bringing the inclusive growth so that it can be next heading India's experience here before writing the answer you can give a small submitting India's experience with economic growth due to infrastructure then here you can write inclusive growth due to infrastructure how you can write the points one by one the point number one is India has done adequate investments on health infrastructure because of that we are able to even manage the even pandemic even the crisis happened during the pandemic times we are able to even now we are able to manage with the help of the investments done on health infrastructure and then regarding the school regarding the schools so here we are able to address the disparity between the rich and the poor by giving them the educational facilities by doing investments on the school infrastructure or then you can write the example as Jandhan Yojana what is Jandhan Yojana it is a bank account to the people but the Jandhan Yojana is the investments done on the financial infrastructure we know about the Jamm Trinity the Jandhan Yojana Adar and then mobile so here you have mentioned digital India and then we are connecting digital India so here the Jamm in this here we talked about in economic way here how it enabled the improvement on the so it enabled the inclusive growth of our people so we are able to provide the bank account it is not only a bank account through the bank account we are able to provide multiple social benefits and different activities are delivered to the people in this angle it is able to deliver the inclusive growth in our economy and then here agriculture return on irrigation so here we talked about the irrigation we talked about the rural roads everything but here the same point economic point can be written in the social angle also for example the investments done on the warehouses or the food corporation investments done on the food corporation of India warehouses or the PDS systems of our economy it enables us to implement the food security of our country which is more inclusive in nature and here we talked about the industrial corridor we talked about special economic zone we talked about the NIMZ and here when we talk about the SIDCOS state industrial development corporations or when you talk about the industrial estates you connect with the MSME so the kind of investments or the we done the small industries development corporation areas so it act as an incentive for the MSMEs so which provides which enables the regional development which tries to create some balance among the different parts of our country so we are able to bring in inclusive growth in all part of our country with the help of the promotion of the by supporting the promotion of MSMEs so here when we bring the connect the point in the food security angle or PDS angle this becomes social aspect same angle here when you connect with the MSME this becomes a social aspect here when you talk about the gift city it is economic perspective but we talk about the Jandanejana it is a social perspective then we talk about the schools or the hospitals whatever we talk about the social dimension or when we talk about the drinking water sanitation rural roads electricity so those investments infrastructure are more social in nature and even skilling the people skill development we are giving them empowerment it is a social it is a so on those infrastructure skill development infrastructure should not write about skill development skill development infrastructure is more social in nature so in this angle there are different ways how we can discuss the you can write the answer but it is a discussed part so how we can write even though so we have made more improvements and then more achievements in this by doing the investments in infrastructure so we got miles to go because there are many areas where we have not properly address the so the demands of our economy both economically and socially in this angle you can write the point the points also you can give the conclusion by connecting all the three areas of the question so this is the way how we can write the answer for this question yes with this I am finishing the discussion part of these two questions thank you students thank you