 The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in the development and progression of cancer. It contains multiple cell types, including malignant cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts, tumor vasculature, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts. These cells have distinct immune capabilities which can either promote or suppress tumor growth depending on their presence and activity, targeting and manipulating the cells and factors in the tumor microenvironment during cancer treatment, can help control malignancies and achieve positive health outcomes. This article was authored by Boros Arneth.