 Let's talk about demographics, I guess, you know, you offered some great analysis, you know, as it relates to the great resignation and housing and, you know, just the topic in general, and even on a global scale. So let's bring it back to housing, your birth rates are and have been declining and immigration is restricted. How and why do we find ourselves in a housing shortage? And then how long before we find ourselves with the housing surplus? Well, we find ourselves in housing shortage because still has have, you know, see with 350 million people, even if our population is growing very slowly, one percent is still three and a half million people. So one percent is a lot in terms of just sheer numbers. And the fact is that right now we have a housing shortage of about 10 million units. So there's about 10 million units short of what people are demanding. So some people are just getting richer. They want to move from the shitty house they have or the bad apartment that they have into a nicer place. And then you do have some immigration, you have some baby and those people are getting to the point where they want to leave their mother's basements and they want to go out and and buy a place. And there's just not enough building happening. And how did we get to this situation? Simple just didn't build enough. Why didn't we build enough? Simple government regulations government didn't allow us to build enough. And the thing about the shortage of housing is it's not everywhere, right? Because people, let's say, are leaving Ohio. So in Ohio, there's no housing shortage, but people are moving to California. And in California, there is a housing shortage and housing shortage in California is is too fun. One is it's the very low end. That's why they have so many homeless people. So there's not enough housing at the very low end and it's not. It's very expensive. So it's not even the low end. It's not really low end and there's not a lot of housing at the high end. That's all the engineers moving there. We're making well into the six figures and there's no housing. There's just isn't anything. So that is and the reason there's no building in California is because of regulation, because they don't allow building because they just don't allow building. They don't allow building high in San Francisco. They don't allow building anywhere in in many of the neighborhoods in in the Bay Area. They don't allow dense housing. They don't increase that house density. So the suburbs have grown and grown and grown, but the commute becomes so horrific that and they won't expand the highways. So highways exactly the same as they were 20 years ago. They won't expand them because they want you to suffer driving your evil automobile into work because they don't want you there. They want you to leave. So everything is geared towards encouraging people to leave California. Because that's what the Greens want. That's why we don't have enough housing. Now, if the population starts literally shrinking, that is, if both rates drop further and immigration squeezed even more. Then once the 10 million shortage is made up, in a sense, you know, if there's building enough at some point, at some point, there'll either be a surplus or they might not be a surplus. They might just be it might just be matched, right? Because old houses go out of commission, they fall apart, they become decrepit. Maybe the authorities will allow enough buildings to keep things at equilibrium. I don't know. The 10 million shortage is the entire U.S. But the shortage is focused in particular areas where the demand is high. It's again, there's no shortage in the Midwest. So it's the entire U.S. Well, it's it's the it's those places who have a shortage added up have 10 million. It's not net, right? So it's not the the shortage minus the surplus in places that, you know, we people don't want to live. So somebody says in Denver, the shortage is 35,000. Yeah, I mean, Denver has grown very fast. And I'm surprised there's a shortage in danger in Denver, but it probably needs the government probably doesn't give enough permits. And the other problem is here's the other problem. To build homes, you need home builders. And home builders need employees and guests who your typical employee at a construction site is an illegal immigrant. So when you restrict illegal immigration, restrict the number of employees available to home builders, which restricts the number of homes home builders can build. So that's just another reason why. So, yeah, and, you know, I know you have bemoaned the architecture and what's what's going to happen with architecture, right? As the housing industry becomes more and more automated, the materials are going to be more and more standardized. And you're just going to have more and more of the cookie cutter turning out of of these, you know, standardized, automated factories and and job sites. Yeah, I mean, it could be. But, you know, Frank Lloyd White designed some cheap homes that could be modular and could be produced in mass and that have a better architecture. And you can play around with the units so you can make them different rather than all the same. But yes, part of part of why you drive in Denver and Dallas or these places, you see all these McMansions and they're all exactly the same is because that's cheaper. It's much cheaper to build everything the same. It's less architecture funds. It's just less thought has to be put into them. And and, as you said, it's standardized manufacturing. So everything gets better. Right, I worked in the industry and I know that, you know, working with automation vendors from Europe is totally different than working with an automation vendor from America. Just for the variances in materials and the standardization of the sizes there versus here. You know, it's a kitchen here is three times the size of a kitchen and in Europe and the type of automation that we're talking about here is, you know, just that much different than and what they're they're used to. Yeah, but I don't think the automation is what limits us architecture. I think if you had real creative architects, they could use the standardized materials to create relatively cheap housing that is more interesting and more varied and much and still big. You know, we value our space in the U.S. still big, though, without giving up, you know, you know, look, Europe is also, for the most part, all the same. Right, you go and you look at 19th century row houses, they're all the same. You know, there's not a lot of variation. What I find is when you get to places that are wealthy enough to have single family homes, Americans choose, even though I think they can afford to, they choose to have very boring architecture. And that's unfortunate. Thank you for listening or watching the Iran book show. If you'd like to support the show, we make it as easy as possible for you to trade with me. You get value from listening. You get value from watching. Show your appreciation. You can do that by going to Iran book show dot com slash support by going to Patreon, subscribe star locals and just making a appropriate contribution on any one of those any one of those channels. Also, if you'd like to see the Iran book show grow, please consider sharing our content and of course, subscribe. Press that little bell button right down there on YouTube so that you get an announcement when we go live. And for those of you who are already subscribers and those of you who are already supporters of the show, thank you. 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