 Designing an infrared machine vision system that can efficiently perceive, convert, and process a massive amount of data remains a challenge. Here, the authors present a retina-inspired 2D optoelectronic device based on Vanduwal's heterostructure that can perform the data perception and spike encoding simultaneously for night vision, sensing, spectroscopy, and free space communications. This article was authored by Faqun Wang, Fangchen Hu, Mingjin Dai, and others.