 So good morning, everybody. Let me share the slides. Welcome to the session. We're very glad to have you all here for this Innovation for Adaptation session with the title, Innovative Community Engagement with Climate Information Services, Early Warning Systems for Flat Resilience, led by Plan International Practical Action and Global Parametrics. My name is Kiaran Brazina, and I'm the Climate Environment and Brazilians Advisor at Plan International UK. Let me just start with some general housing rules. Please note that the session has been recorded by IID and that means that parts of it may be made available on the website at a later date. We've taken security precautions to discourage uninvited participants from joining the meeting and posting appropriate comments. If you notice anything like that, please notify us with the chat function and we will remove those participants from the meeting. Also, please do not share the link to join this meeting on social media. That's one of the main ways and sources of Zoom bombing activity. We also suggest that you close any non-essential applications on your device, such as Skype and Teams, to really focus on this session for the next couple of hours. How to use Zoom meeting? We're pretty sure that everybody knows how to use Zoom these days, but please see here some basic directions on how to use the commands. Please note that during the plenary, your mic will be muted, but you can unmute the microphone when you will be joining the breakout session later in the meeting. Also, feel free to use the chat function to post any question or comments. So let's start with the session and the topic of today. So we all know too well that in time of emergency, timely, collaborative and effective action can help communities and responders be better prepared in order to reduce human suffering, losses and damages. Thanks to the increasing availability of risk analysis, forecasts, anticipatory action has in recent years been gaining momentum to provide a faster and more dignified response without having to wait for the hazards to hit the communities. Early and user friendly information targeted to some of the most vulnerable groups can also support early action for more resilient livelihoods to shocks and stresses. The session will investigate innovative approaches using early warning system, digital forecasting technologies and index based flood hazards induced disaster risk analysis as well as the role of the communities, implementing agencies, local authorities and all partners to read most vulnerable households and groups and enable them to act prior to a potentially disastrous weather events. We are going to hear from two examples through Ignite presentations. One example from Indonesia and another one from Asia still from Bangladesh. This will take the next 15 to 20 minutes. Following the Ignite presentation, we will split the attendees in breakout groups for 30 minutes conversation and we'll ask you all to bring your knowledge expertise from various contexts to trigger conversation and share ideas. We will have a couple of questions to guide the conversation. Please, as I said, feel free to use the trap box to share example ideas, question. Those will all be captured. Each group will then be asked to reports back into plenary for a couple of minutes each on the three main points at the end of the breakout discussions. After that, we will summarize the main takeaways and close the session. So let's enjoy the session. Let's start. Our first presenter is Wendy Smith from Global Parametrics. Wendy, I'll leave it to you to start with the first presentation. Thanks. Thanks very much, Kiara, and hi, everyone. Welcome to the session. It's great to have you. My name is Wendy Smith and I'm the Program Manager for Global Parametrics, or GP. We are the technical partner for the forecast-based pilot in Samarang, Indonesia, which was developed in partnership with Plan International Indonesia and Plan UK. And finally, this program was received by FCDO. The program is an adaptation of the Be Ready, Anticipatory Finance concept. First piloted by Oxxam Philippines, Oxxam Novib, Plan Philippines, and other local implementing partners in Salcedo Philippines for tropical cyclone risk. If I get the next slide, please, Kiara. So to give a bit of context, the risk of natural hazard and extreme weather events is increasing, as we all know. This is particularly prevalent with flooding events, which are the most common hazard events on the globe. Climate change is unfortunately leading to sea-level rise and an increase in the deviation from usual rainfall patterns. And in fact, flooding frequencies predicted to increase by 42% across the Earth's land regions within the next 100 years. According to research, areas expected to be the most affected are low-income countries in lower latitudes. Increasing urbanization, population densities, and the build-up of infrastructure causes more communities to become vulnerable to these events, which increases the risk of loss and impact. And already low fiscal budgets for mitigation and response can lead to lower levels of formal misprotection. Paying for the rebuild and reconstruction post-event can be costly. And particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, where budgets are already constrained, this can lead to cycles of debt and to trade-offs. So, next slide, please, Kiara. Innovation and technology and risk modeling can help to combat this, but collaboration between sectors is key within this. The financial sector is ever more willing to sort of assist in covering natural hazard risk, and they are aware of a growing protection gap and formal risk transfer for those most vulnerable. Improved risk modeling technologies, such as catastrophe modeling and risk assessment, can allow for a more objective and accurate way of looking at risk, but silos of knowledge definitely exist between sectors and parties, from semantics to experience and overall expertise. Holistic and collaborative views needed, particularly to move away from project-level focus to systematic change. So, to sum up in the bottom of the slide, the time for interdisciplinary communication and coordination in the active assessment management and mitigation of natural hazard and extreme weather risk is now. Next slide, please, Kiara. So, to conceptualize the approach of anticipatory finance, the theory of change is that receiving financial resources pre-event gives households the autonomy to protect and prepare themselves overall reducing the impact of the event itself and increasing resilience. Receiving resources allows a household to buy food, supplies, medicine, materials to retrofit a home or funds to tide over themselves if during event, if income is precarious or even to evacuate during an event. The program combines two innovations, digital weather forecasting and risk modeling, a forecast parametric index with a built-in trigger developed by auspitable parametrics and financial technologies to enable pre-disaster cash payments to pre-identified vulnerable households on the ground directly via mobile money or cash cards. And as you can see on the slide there, it's the forecast law model which develops into a flood index calculated over a forecast time window. And then once this triggers, information is used to manage payouts on the ground. This approach was first piloted in 2019 in Sao Stado by Oxfam Philippines, Oxfam Novuva and other implementing partners for tropical cyclone risk study program. It's a partnership between risk modeling and forecasting technologies with developmental practitioners and community engagement on the ground. So the next slide, please. To show the model in practice, diagram on this page illustrates that global satellite Earth and observed data is ingested by us at GP to create this forecast flood index. The index has what we call a trigger which is activated when the likelihood of impact in a predefined area passes a predefined threshold. And this threshold or this trigger considers both the severity of the event itself. So for this flooding event, it's flood inundation in meters in a pre-identified geography and the vulnerability of those exposed which is why it's pivotal to develop this in partnership with practitioners and communities on the ground. Once this index is triggered, we provide information to planned national who then deploy funds via a payment partner to pre-identified vulnerable households and also provide on the ground support. And the next slide, please. Our collaboration aims to break the silo between climate science, risk modeling and community-led resilience. We are balancing in this new context for flood risk in Indonesia in order to further validate the model and to drive forward systems level change. He next steps to the program in Indonesia are to look in the local government officials and to make the project sustainable. And I will now leave you with Frederica Rambu who's the project manager for Plan Indonesia. Thanks very much, everyone. Thank you, Wendy. Hello, everyone. Good afternoon from Indonesia. My name is Frederica Rambu. Now I'm working for Plan Indonesia as a project manager and I'm responsible for building resilient adaptive and disaster-ready communities. We call Be Ready Project. The project has located in North Semarang, Central Java in Indonesia. Next slide. Next, that describe how the context of North Semarang. The area is a coastal area and tidal flood hit in every year due to rising of sea level as impacted of global warming. And the Tohok Dapi is the coastal level same with the land. There are nine urban villages on this area and five from nine deal with the tidal every year, mostly happening on January to March for one until three days. Next. Yes, this picture shows how the situation during the tidal when the water come to village and cover the old villages and then bring some impact in their community life such as disruption on community daily activities, what is mean the daily jobs will be delayed, cannot access the main road. It's mean demobilization will limit it, building the damage and water degradation and bring some healthy and environmental issue. Next. Following the impact above, Dapi Rady has been engaging with community and government with various groups such as main group, women group and youth group and leaders group to work together and to lead and improve on some subjects related to disaster preparedness such as climate disaster risk assessment, forest base index for flood, link to early warning system application with the disaster agency, create a community action plan, lean about digital cash and risk financing and we conducted some study on financial mechanism or financial services due to technology and strengthening partnership with local government and local mix. What we have done and we get the learning from the community as our project outcomes, now the community understanding about their risk factors and keep the efforts and working collaboration with others group to reduce their risk and now they are able to produce of flood risk map. They are also able to access the summaries for early warning system, financial measurement through the digital financial. What I mean is now the community aware that they need have financial forecasting based on digital to help there during the flood. And also we are working together with government due to mitigation work. We also integrated the community action plan in government and we are collaborate with others group and private sector in order to building the resilience. Next. Yes, we have working engaged with community. We have been engaging with them due to disaster already. We are following them in some information and consult with them and how to do mitigation work, collaboration with various group involved in some learning and do advocacy to government and private sector and empower them on no less technology and digital financial. Now the community capacity are improving. They are possible to sell some idea and give some input to do risk reduction work. We need to continue our support, keep informed them and engage with community. Next Wendy. In inclusion here the quotes mostly women group mentioned they need to be prepared it first and also the women leaders say they have a lot of work due to disaster risk reduction. They need to have economic recovery and they need to continue their advocacy work to government and private sector and building the facilities in their village. That's all we have engaged with the community. The be ready projects still looking some of your support in terms of continue our work on climate change adaptation in Indonesia. Thank you so much and offer to you Apsari. Thank you Ika. Hello everyone, greeting from Bangladesh. I'm Apsari work for practical action in our Bangladesh country office as a senior specialist for disaster risk reduction. Today I want to talk about why giving people knowledge climate information and early warning is so important and how this simple innovation can change lives if delivered in the right way. I'm starting with the issue the innovation is trying to address. Next slide please. Many of you know that Bangladesh is a country located in the southern part of the Asian continent and we are on the frontline of climate change. It is a land of many rivers and frequently affected by flooding accompanied by storm surges and cyclones. And if I talk about the land masses it is less than five meters above the sea level. And our rural communities are heavily dependent on agricultural activities and agricultural activities as you know highly dependent on weather. People engaged in agricultural production activities they need weather information to manage their risk and take this informed decision. Whether it is about like selecting the crops preparing seed bears or any other agriculture practices and every year flooding causes significant devastation to communities damaging crops, houses, agriculture lands and livelihoods. Next slide please. So what is the basically the solution to this problem from our experience and understanding our understanding is that vulnerable communities need effective early warning system and climate information. They need increased knowledge and skills about potential hazards and they need localized weather forecasts so they will be able to make climate informed decisions. We also need climate adaptive technologies and economic opportunities for the most vulnerable. Women in particular are because they are left with additional farming and household responsibilities because of the increased migration of men in search of economic opportunities. And it is not very much clear that changing climate is a constraining our traditional agriculture knowledge and practices. For example, we are not getting rain when we are supposed to. The cropping calendar is changing, flowering, pollination, timing has been changing and frequency and intensity of the heavy rainfall has increased, our winter period has shortened and summer temperatures are increased. And definitely these all have direct effect on our agriculture and production. So early warning and information must reach people at risk of climate hazards. Next slide please. The innovation that I'm going to talk about today it is weather board which provides a range of agriculture livelihoods information together with the information to reduce risk of disaster and health flood management in the monsoon season. It is basically a combination of different systems and builds on ownership and a national system which is already in place. It is about the evolution of government and communities together to improve the information and services. So you are now seeing the screenshot of the innovation. There are two innovations which is showing in this screen. First one is the manual weather board and the second one is the digital weather board. The first innovation manual weather board is basically an agricultural extension tool which is combined with the community capacity building tool using local knowledge and extension knowledge with some market information. These boards contains information on rainfall, temperatures, sunlight, our evaporation rate of like last week, current week and upcoming week and also the water level using simple symbols for easy understanding by communities where literacy may not be like high and the interpretation and advices are in simple Bangla language so that the farmers can take necessary steps for better farm management. If next slide please. This is the like a big screenshot of this manual weather board. So this is an interactive board where people are looking at water level. You can see in the right side the people who is pointing in the board that is basically he is looking at the water level and they are filling things in and discussing what is happening in relation to their farms. It shows a conversation between community members using the weather board changing all the time and is located in the Union Purishod. And Union Purishod are the smallest rural administrative and local government units in Bangladesh and people are looking at it to plan their agricultural activities. In this manual board you can see easily that right side. In my left side you can see that the weather information is being displayed like temperature, rainfall, then sunlight hours. In the right, in my right side you can see that here is the water level of like next five days that water level and in the middle in this white section you can see here they are actually placed the advisers that what the community needs to do under this certain conditions. Next slide please. This is the second innovation which is the digital weather board and the advantage of this board is that they provide live information which changes according to the data it receives about the prices of the commodities, flood early warning, weather information and from agricultural advisers. In this weather board you can see that it is a bit different from the manual weather board. Here in the middle there is the technical video that can be displaced which can actually create more demand based services and in my right side there are weather informations same to the like manual weather board and in the below here you can see these are the premarket prices of the agricultural commodities and down to that these are the important contact number in case of emergencies so that people can actually communicate with them. I will just start, I would like to give you some example here when I visited last time in the community in the month of December Shumi Akhtar, a community member said the flood forecast information helped me to take necessary preparation well ahead. She told me how she store dried wood, moved her store, store dried food items and plant for shelter for her livestock. She also told me like how she was able to keep her valuables from being damaged and if I talk about myself, I'm fascinated and love this innovation. A simple weather forecast and early warning interpretation and information decimation system plays a multiple and vital role for the community to protect their assets, livelihoods and minimize loss from national hazards like flood and contributing in building resilience of the community. And finally, weather boards are not perfect. There are still constraints to how rural people get and use knowledge but we have found them helpful. So I want to ask like the participants who are present in today's community-based adaptation conference how to improve the use of climate and early warning information to enable vulnerable rural populations to adapt to climate change, particularly how we can reduce negative impacts on women, children and elderly who live and remain at risk. How can we do better? Thank you for listening me. Over to you, Kiera. Thanks so much, Wendik and Afsari for the insightful presentation. Shirley, now we kind of split the audience into breakout rooms and we hope we can take these ignite presentations to the next level and have you all share your experience, your thoughts, your ideas. During the breakout discussions, we'll get the discussion through the following questions that you see here. How do we improve the relevance and uptake of climate information services and early warning system for anticipatory action to strengthen community-based adaptation as well as how do we promote strong partnership for effective anticipatory action through CIS and EWS. As mentioned, please do share your experiences and ideas in the breakout rooms. There's still the chat box if you want to continue also the conversation. We'll regroup in 30 minutes and we'll ask every group to bring back the three main points from the conversation. So, Shirley, if that's okay, we'll like you to split us in breakout rooms. Thanks. The breakout rooms are open and invitation has been prompted. Please join in as soon as you can. Thank you. Welcome back, everyone. We're just waiting to make sure everyone has rejoined this, the main room, the plenary. I'd be grateful if Chiara could reshare the screen. Super. The baton has been passed to me. So I'm Chris Henderson, Head of Agriculture and Practical Action and Practical Action is co-hosting this session. And we have a strong interest in trying to find ways to improve when we know this technology, early warning systems, climate information systems, we know that they can be used for anticipatory action that really does give a positive return on that investment. We know it can make a big difference for community-based adaptation. And yet, despite the strong interest in this, by donors, by governments, by communities, by business, the uptake is still less than probably expected. So maybe the community of practice and maybe the world in general are missing a trick. We're not using this knowledge and these systems well enough. So that's our interest in this. You've been talking about that in your groups. We've had four groups that I understand. We're gonna ask each group now to feedback on the discussion you had and then we'll try and pick up comments from the chat. Now, please do use the chat. So we've got the chat box open. I've got it on my screen. If there are questions there as we get this feedback or reaction to what other groups have said, please do comment in the chat. Let's have a lively discussion in the chat. And if we've got some time at the end, we will also then use that for a discussion between ourselves. This is a reminder of the questions that you are asked. And we're wanting the top points from each group. Three minutes each. I'll give you a reminder if I feel it's going on a bit. I'll say, can you please draw to a close? Let's hear from group one. Is group one ready? Can you show her? Can you tell us who was in group one? Give them opportunity to feedback. Does group one have a rapporteur who is going to speak for that group and summarise? The group one rapporteur was Malia. Right, so Malia, is your group ready? If you're not ready, you can pass to another group, to group two. But if you're ready, please take the floor. Sorry, I will take some more minutes. Can you pass it to another group? We don't hear you very well, I'm afraid. Sorry, you're a bit quiet. Can you hear me? Yes, now we can hear you. Okay, I will need some more minutes. Maybe, can we just pass to another group? I will... Sure, absolutely. If there's group two is ready, we'll go group two. If not, ask Susan. She was in my group. Maybe Susan can kick off. I'm not sure if we are in group two, but I'll go maybe. So we'll... Yeah, thank you. I was in the group with Ika. We had an interesting conversation. We actually moved quite a lot in between experiences and questions. So main points that I can report facts. We talked about women's involvement and how to ensure that women, as often they are the... One of the groups more impacted by flood events that can actually make the most of the information, the climate information services and all warning systems. So how can they access them and be an action upon those information? So we talked about the language, ensuring the language, the icons, the location of where those information are shared. What type, for example, of crops if the information are... The climate information and early warning system are also combined with crop advices. So the crops are actually the ones that the women's cultivate the most. We talked about involving women's with but also, interestingly, how to challenge social norms. Where is the primary user, for example, of ICTs and therefore can access the information the most? We also more generally talked about accessibility on the information in terms of ensuring that the particularly focused and climate information services are shared in a way that are understandable and easy and accessible. So often working with the information provider to find a way to translate that information in user-friendly. So, you know, like talking about indices that actually relate to the people and communities life, for example, instead of discussing probability or forecasts. And also talked about feedback mechanisms, how to assess how the various groups have understood the advisory, the information. So I have the various group women men recall those, the advisory and often like involving youth. And they can be the one bridging the gap between, you know, the information and maybe the women as final recipients. And finally, we talked about M&E. So how to assess the efficacy of that information to also support sustainability of the climate information early warning system. Efficacy that is easier to test and validate for rapid onsite than for slow onsite events. So those are the main things we discuss quite a lot, but very interesting. Maybe I'll pass it to the next group. I would say what's really, I mean, I got five, I wrote five points down there. One of them was about combining with crop relevant agro sort of advisories. And I was thinking how that sort of links with the weather board tool. So I mean, lots of really interesting points to capture about probably best practice to try and improve access and efficiency of these systems. That's really great. Can we hear from another group? I think our group had a very contrasting experience. Maybe I can do it deliberately in a contrasting way. Our group focused a lot more on the business case. Maybe I can pass over to Susan to talk about, to highlight what we talked about, because a lot of that was around viability and business case and partnerships. OK, so I can't see my picture. I don't know how I'm looking. So maybe I should put it off so you focus on my voice. We can hear you well. Excellent. So in our group, when we talked about the centrality of the community, we had an experience shared that a cost-benefit analysis was done, and it revealed that CBA approaches were more efficient, cost-efficient than the heavy investments in these technologies. And that really speaks to the fact that we need to really put the communities at the center. They are more effective, and they are financially viable. However, we spoke about sustainability and the fact that our learning systems and CIS still haven't gained traction beyond where we have donor funding. And with that, we really need to strongly consider a business case that will attract private sector investments. And the investors are there, but they do not see the benefit. So we still have a challenge there to bring that business case for the private sector, a business case for government, but also a business case for the community members. Because if the private sector then decides to charge for the services, will the communities agree accept to pay for the service? And in that, we had another point suggesting that beyond these technologies, early warning systems, and CIS, there is need to have a service or product that resonates with the community that will bring money in on their part so that they can relate the benefit of these services to bringing in income and their livelihood. So maybe that resonates with what Shira says about combining EWS and crop services. We may need to think outside the box for other services. Just think out of the box and look at value chains in entirety. The third was that we need government. Government would catalyze social enterprises. It gives incentives. It is central, but in all these, these partnerships must begin together. It is important to have partnerships, but when you bring them towards the tail end, it doesn't work. We need to start out these partnerships at the beginning together and learn together and adjust together. I guess that's it. Did I miss one more? I don't know. Over to you, Chris. I think you captured it exceptionally well. That last one, someone expressed it as government catalyzing social entrepreneurship, using their money wisely to sort of unblock barriers. But yeah, I thought that was super. Thank you. So there was another perspective that was more around the business case and cost benefit. What group, there's two groups left. Is one of, can I ask if one of those two groups is ready to share their discussion? Yes. So I was in the first group, breakout room, in my group. Can you just introduce yourself? Yes, I'm Malihah. I was with Wendy. Thank you. Yeah, in the first breakout room. So in my group, there was a vast conversation. The first point what I identified is in this, the community-based adaptation, the communities are not really perfectly identified. So first thing we have to do is to identify the community properly. And then we have to challenge ourselves for that, because the solution is lying in the community. So the practitioners are doing our bit. We are developing projects and implementing them. But the actual solution should come from the community. And that will be more effective. And we just can make them come forward with their solutions. And we give them a platform to talk about their solutions, what are lying, which are lying in the community. And also, the solutions with other and support them with potential technologies, maybe with the potential technologies with the other. And the second thing we discussed about the communication between three groups, like the community, the practitioners, and the research community. The community people are facing the actual problems. And the practitioners, we are developing projects and implementing them. And the researchers are doing their bit scientifically. But there is a lack of communication among these three groups. So we should strongly focus on the communication of these three groups for a sustainable solution. And the next thing we talked about, the ownership. So firstly, the ownership of the creative platform, technological platform for the community people, which are more friendly and more accessible to them. So when we're talking about a platform, the platform should not be familiar to us only, should be very familiar to them, to the community people, so that they can access to them very easily. And also, the strong partnership and communication between the practitioner, the community, and the donor. The hierarchy should be more friendly and strong partnerships is needed. And there was also this discussion about the language barrier. And language barrier, not only language, the idea why is the barrier of the ideas between the community and the practitioners. So these were the most discussions from my group. Really great. Thank you very much. I noticed that your last point is definitely sort of coming back to sort of reattach what we heard from the first group that reported back about access and making sure things are user-friendly and about that point about platforms. And also, I like the fact that what you introduced there and knew was about communication. Looking at the issue is about communication and how if we facilitate probably better communication, then maybe there'll be more effective uptake. Thank you very much. So we have one group to go. Are we ready for the last group? Yeah, Chris, I can start from as far as from. My introduction is that Danny? That's me, Danny, speaking. Yeah. So we had in our group some really interesting examples from the ground in Nepal. We talked about connectivity as a barrier to uptake. And on that, the need to rely not only on one dissemination channel. We talked about an example in which during a disaster event, a flood disaster event, connectivity cuts out. And therefore, mobile apps that depend on network are deemed effectively useless. So if we go back to the presentation and think about having manual weatherboards and community support groups and community conversations, then those more manual, more human-based means of climate information delivery are important too. In terms of ensuring the uptake of climate information and early warning, we talked about having greater community engagement with knowledge production. And one of the key ways in which this could be done was drills before the monsoon, before preparedness activities to be done before the hazard. This provides a way to judge the extent of community knowledge and also gives communities an opportunity to feedback their take on mechanisms as they currently exist. So preparedness activities before the hazard are a strong way of tweaking those early warning and climate information systems. That was our case. Super. Well, each group has come up with very different or prioritized very different issues. Together, that actually makes quite a, I think, is quite a strong reflection, a lot of useful information. So I think a proper write-up of this session certainly will be helpful because I see it as quite comprehensive. We've got the effectiveness sort of aspect from the first group, the business case aspect from the second, the communication between the third. And then now you've brought up the whole issue about connectivity and I suppose making sure that systems work well in communities. But I think there's more of a focus there on disaster situations when such things are challenged. I mean, it's really good. I haven't got access to the first chat box, Sohail. And just as we were breaking out into breakout groups, I saw a question come in but wasn't able to copy and paste it. I did see a question from Orelie, which popped in the chat box just before we would break out groups about how capacities and needs of people from different gender are considered in the processes presented by our panellists. I think that was a really good reminder. I hope other people caught that. And one group was the first group. You definitely raised the whole issue about access by women, language location where things are being user friendly and so on. Let's open it up now. You've heard from the four groups. You've been challenged. You've heard from the two Ignite presenters. I'm opening this up. We've got, so I see we've got 19 minutes left. Maybe wrong, maybe 15, 16. I can't remember. Yeah, we've certainly got a bit of time before we sort of close. Are there people from the who've been listening to this who would like to reflect on what you feel this session, things from this session which really help with achieving our objectives. By the way, can I have the next slide because the next slide will give us some, so basically what we're trying to do here is identify as a group interesting or notable comments that you want to highlight that you've heard people say, that you think are really important to more effective climbing information systems, early warning systems and more effective anticipatory action for CBA. That's the challenge. So I'm inviting people to either emphasize or challenge or introduce points that you feel have not yet been mentioned. We will go to our three Ignite presenters and ask them for their one top point because of this discussion, what you've heard today. But right now I'm opening this up to everybody else who is in the room. So we've got, who's, please, I can't see. Hi, Nabyn, yes. Let me add on a few more points on it because some of the good discussions and communications were come out from this group exercise. I mean like the inclusion of women. In addition to that, the inclusion of the marginalized and the differently able people in integration within the community level with the CIS and EWS information can be also a good, you know, level to reduce the vulnerability at the ground level. I mean, what I mean to say is like the integration of differently able people, marginalized people in the process of early warning system and the CIS, that can make a difference. Thank you. Absolutely, and you do wonder sometimes. I mean, I think this is the age old problem, isn't it? It is reaching the most vulnerable or the people who are not normally participating in these processes and using this information. So I think that's a really good point. Thank you very much Nabyn. Does anybody want to answer Nabyn or respond? Meanwhile, in the chat, I see a comment from Kaja that I'm trying to take lead. So not to start from the perceived solution, climate information or early warning systems, but bring it in, bring that in when it can help answer the questions that arrive from the community. Problems they're facing. So that is a, I have a lot of empathy for that point. Often I feel in my career, I've seen things where technology is looking for a home. People have a solution and they're trying to use that solution and promote that solution because that's what they've developed and they believe in it. So it's like the technology is looking for a home and uptake rather than is it addressing the problem, the needs. We know the challenges brought about by climate change elsewhere and community early warning could be a vital way of supporting vulnerable communities in Africa as well as flooding. So Andy would like to hear how access to information and whether forecasting could be taken to scale outside Asia. So yes, I mean, certainly South Asia is a very vibrant entrepreneurial context, isn't it? There's a lot of, it's very dynamic and vibrant location and sometimes things where there's more remote locations and maybe enterprises don't thrive so well. So I think I think of context in Africa where such entrepreneurial approaches are less likely to be viable, less likely to work. That's Andrew's question. Does anybody have a response to Andrew? Yes, Chris, I would like to respond. Yeah, this is, thank you for this important question. This is very important. And yes, to scale up the innovations that I talked in my presentation, we started piloting this innovation in like 2013 at the community of Shiraj Khan that is a floodfront district. And from there on, like our first innovation was the manual board. And like several trial and errors and working on that weather boards and trying to see that how it can be effective, what can be actually included as a content in the weather boards and how community can get access to it. Based on all those analyses, the several community consultation and consultation with the stakeholders, we then move on to the next innovation that was the digital weather board. And after that, seeing the benefit of these weather boards, the government, the Department of Agricultural Extension with the fund of WHO, they are now scaling up the same approach, the manual board, this innovation in more than 4,000 union police shifts. So I think like seeing the benefit and like how it is actually supporting the communities and the other stakeholders who are actually involved in the disaster management, they actually picked up this innovation. So certainly like and community who are saying that they're really incurring losses because they don't have the early morning system. And sometimes what happened at the district level on the areas which are flooding every time, not necessarily that remote areas also get the access to these informations. And then they really put themselves into like difficult conditions. And so I think, yes, it is important that we reach with these innovations to remote communities even so that they can get the benefit out of it. Thank you. So, oh, Madan has raised his hand. So Madan, can you please? Okay. Thank you, Chris, actually. I just wanted to echo Danny actually in saying that so we must pay the due recognition to local solutions for extending early actions or anticipatory actions. This is, I was emphasizing on the manual gaze reading stations that help in Nepal actually, when the automatic gaze station would not disseminate information to, and because also there was the connectivity losses. So that time this supplemental system that the local solution has really helped the people downstream 6.5 hours, the lead time was there and that was very, very effective. So I just want to echo what Danny was saying that we must not always think of advanced technologies or expertise, but we should also pay respect to the system that is working locally, locally developed systems. Thank you very much. Thank you, Madan. Thank you Afsari too. Adele pointed out that in order to, I suppose know about effectiveness, we need to have a good baseline and that baseline needs to include the most marginalized and then we can work out, well, find out blockages. He's making a point there about them having the capacity to uptake the information and this baseline can should look at that. Orally has shared a paper in care on sustainability of participatory scenario planning. The link is there in the chat. I feel at my stage, I think sometimes these conversations get confused when we're maybe talking about one solution to two very contrasting sort of situations. There is the disaster situation which needs urgent action but facilities and services can be disrupted and we need to work with the most vulnerable at risk. And then there's the sort of longer term planning. And one of the things I think that the practical action that the case showed is that there are pros and cons of the different types of ways the technology is used which depend on whether we're responding to an emergency or whether we're responding to improving livelihoods over the longer term. And I think, for example, the market information, the real time market information, the interactiveness with agricultural extension is good with a digital system in a sort of calm environment but in a crisis environment, then unfortunately you wonder if that type of information is going, systems gonna work and you see all the strengths of them which I think what Asari is saying about the manual weather boards and the access that that can do and how that tool can work better in that context. You may have a view. Look, we're reaching the end. We've got a seven minutes left. I'd like to invite each presenter to give me their top one point because of this discussion. And maybe I can start with Wendy. I see our cameras just come on. Wendy, what's your top one point and just give you a minute for that. Yeah, thank you very much, Chris. And thanks everyone. This has been a really interesting discussion. I think particularly for myself because I come from more of that kind of research and technology side of things. It's really good to get more of a sort of holistic view on this adaptation. I think my point kind of comes out of the discussion group. So the first breakout session and was also built upon in the discussion that we've just had. But it's really about these partnerships and how to sort of strengthen them. I think from what I can see it's important to look at these partnerships on more of a sort of equal level. And it shouldn't really be about sort of even just the communication. It should be about trying to be as inclusive as possible from the outset to avoid the situation where it is just we have a solution. We're going to try and make it fit to different contexts. It should be that the communities on the ground should be involved and actively participating in these decision making processes from the outset to try and create these equal partnerships. And hopefully then we can avoid some of the challenges and the barriers to potential uptake and potential scale from there. And also, I mean, I think when you have these equal partnerships and lines of communication, you can then adapt your innovation and potentially create a better overall solution. So hopefully that was a minute. Thanks very much, everyone. Thank you, Wendy. Thank you for being so nice. Eka, can we hear what would your one top point be? The takeaway from this discussion. Yeah, thank you, Chris. My point is about women and youth should be contributed in unsympathetic action. What I mean is women being a part of climate information rigs, building or sustainability. And also youth should support the women as a household woman to get access of the technology and make it sustainability in their daily life. So why I say about women because in Indonesia or in my location role to engage with government and also add some private sector in our work in due to risk reduction. Thank you. Thank you, Eka. Now, and I'm pleased that you remind us of the importance of that, by the way, very pleased. Afsari, your one top point because of this discussion. Thank you, Chris, and thank you, everyone who are participating in this session. My takeaway point from this session is that community should be prepared to deal with multiple emergencies, not only with only one emergencies. And for this, we need multiple channels to reach people who are at risk, with like a climate, we need to reach to them with the climate information and early warning system so that if one channel fails for any reason the others can be activated. That means we should not only depend on one technology or one innovation. There could be multiple options, multiple channels to reach with the communities. And also that when we're talking about the anticipatory action to be effective, all the important stakeholders need to work together because this is not like a responsibility for only one particular stakeholder or only for the community. We all need to actually work together. Thank you. Thank you. And I'm going to come to Chiara. Thank you, by the way. And by the way, I want to tweet that. That was a really good point. I like the nice sort of succinct pitch there for multiple channels. Before I come to Chiara, I'm going to ask if we have achieved what we set out to do and for her reflection. I did mention to Shohail that in the previous session, they took a group photo. And it was very quick. Everyone put on their camera and someone took a screenshot, I think, of everybody in gallery view. Do you want to do that very quickly? If everybody, we present the, remove the screen share and everybody put on their, so everybody put on their video and we'll take a photo. Now, Shohail, do you know how to do that, by the way, I'm assuming you, someone can. I'm sure I'll be doing it, don't worry. So if you could take a photo of us all and then I'm going to ask, so we have to smile, don't be for a moment, not talk. I assume that's done, I'm not sure. Chiara, have we achieved what we set out to do? What to, Lia, leave, handing over to you to reflect on that and close? Sure, thanks, Chris. I mean, we set up to discuss, learn a little bit more about how to really engage communities and in climate information services, early warning system, how to promote partnership. We have, I think we have a lot of good and helpful points for discussions. Definitely something to investigate more. My main takeaway is that there are a lot of great and fantastic examples from across the world. We heard a lot of examples from South Asia. There's still a lot, I think, that can be done to promote these sort of technologies and innovation. But I wanted to go back a little bit on the points around community and vulnerable groups' involvement and really how it's critical to have them right at center of any initiative, really, to then ensure that the outcome that we set up is achieved. So for me, that's the main takeaway, how to ensure that they are parts of finding the solutions. They are, we enable them and we keep them at the center of finding the solution to achieve whether it's resilience to climates, shocks and stresses, whether it's disaster risk reduction. And I also want to point out that, unfortunately, sometimes we can't really identify boundaries in between them. So what you said, Chris, is very much true, but unfortunately, sometimes emergencies arise where you don't really expect. So we need to be ready to identify the best solutions and to do that to ensure uptake for impact and sustainability of whatever system we want, we have identified. So more than you're starting from the technology, it's keeping the communities and vulnerable groups at the center of it. Yeah, so that's my main takeaway, quite a lot to collect from this session. We will be compiling all the contributions, the feedbacks, the questions, thoughts, and unless there is no other question or feedback, I really would like to thank everybody. I would like to thank the presenters that started this session with three very useful and fantastic night presentations. I'd like to thank Chris, I'd like to thank Susan, all the Charlene and everybody who played the role of Rapporteur. That's very critical to compiling the takeaways from this session. I'd like to thank everybody who was able to join away to your questions, your inputs with the resources also that have been shared. I need to go back and go through them. So very much thanks to everybody. I hope you enjoyed the session and I hope you still have time to attend additional sessions from CBA today. So unless there's no one else and no one wants to come in and comments, ask any question, I think we can close the session. Yeah. And spot on time, perfect. I think one minute to go. Round of applause, everybody. Thank you. Thanks. All right. You'll find the recording. Thank you so much. Thanks, Susan. Thank you, bye.