 Chronic kidney disease, CKD, affects more than 10% of the global population and has been linked to disturbances in the gut microbiome which can negatively impact immune system function and contribute to the development of different kidney diseases. Recent studies have revealed the mechanisms of CKD progression and the effects of euremic toxins on the immune system as well as the roles of gut microbiota in promoting kidney disease. Current sequencing technologies and novel therapies targeting the gut microbiome are being explored as potential treatments for CKD. This article was authored by Sijing Tan, Shiyang Yu, and Yupan.