 For an introductory topic, we're going to look at how you can estimate how much power a piece of hardware is going to use based on a handful of parameters. It's really just an estimate, it's not a exact solution, but it should give you a good ballpark figure for how much power your piece of hardware is actually going to consume. So we have a relatively simple formula as you can see, just telling you that the power and wattage is the product of the capacitive load, the square of the voltage, and switching frequency. The wattage and the voltage are pretty straightforward. You probably have a decent idea about those two already. The capacitive load and the switching frequency are rather more complex, and there's a lot of things that go into those two terms, which is why this ends up just being an estimate. So the capacitive load tells us something about how much charge that the piece of hardware is able to hold. The hardware works as something of a capacitor, and we're looking at how much it can hold. This is a value that's going to depend on all sorts of things, like the number of transistors you've got, the fan in and fan out of those transistors. So it's going to be really, really hard to just look at a chip and say, how much is my capacitive load? It's a whole lot easier to go back afterwards and measure the capacitive load, a processor. The switching frequency initially should sound easy and simple. We frequently measure our computers in terms of the number of gigahertz or megahertz that they offer, but it turns out there's more that goes into the switching frequency. Some of our transistors may be switching at every clock cycle, but chances are most of them aren't. In modern processors, we also have lots and lots of transistors, and some of them may actually be turned off. They may not be doing anything for part of their computation. So a couple of these, like the switching frequency and the capacitive load, can actually be rather hard to estimate ahead of time. Other than that, the equation is very simple, and we'll just look at a couple of examples for how to apply that.