 Um, I said my name's Kyle. I'm one of the system administrators here. I'm the person that doesn't mind getting up in front of people and talking So I actually enjoy this part of things And I think Still that was yeah I'm really rare among computer guys and that I like to actually people and talking to things Turn this down just a little more. That is if I turn the whole thing down. That's I Think I'm turning down the wrong thing here Volume test test that's too far. How about that? That sounds a little better. I'm not getting any feedback there. All right, so We're gonna be talking first of all. I got my notes on my phone About Linux itself Linux itself is an operating system operating systems are what we use most of you guys probably are familiar with Mac OS 10 or Windows. It's a way of Allowing the It's an interface between the user and the computer itself. Okay, you don't want to have to write Things like when the bad old days of technology back in the 70s of I need to know how to talk to this disk and how to talk to This disc and how to talk to this disc and how to talk to this network card and that kind of thing so Linux is an operating system Which means it is just the the piece that makes that all easy for you guys to use easy being a relative term The one thing you'll notice about Linux at least in our iteration of it. It is at its core Command line, so that throws a lot of people off and in the especially as they're getting started. They tend to like You're used to windows you click on this you click on that and everything works Not so much with the way we have this setup. There are graphic front-ends to Linux Those really slow down a supercomputer, so that's why we don't use those instead. We use an interface called SSH now SSH is a Protocol it's a protocol is you know how you talk from one system to another But there are several different implementations of that and by the most common ones you're going to see here are Ones that I have just now installed on this machine, so I'm going to pull up my downloads folder here Anybody here use putty before Okay, so that means you guys are probably are going to be bored just so you know because we're like I said This is a very pretty basic But he is probably the most common interface that we have from windows OS 10 hasn't built in by default you just use SSH command But I'm going to just pull this up here and show you What we have here for putty, so? when you first pull up putty it's asking where you're wanting to connect to and That's all you're really going to need to start off with so the name. We're going to use here is head node dot baocat Dot KSU dot ed KSU dot ed you and I say open The very first time you run this you're going to get this This is the only time you'll ever get is the first time you don't do this unless something goes horribly wrong So so yes, go ahead and do that. I'm talking to who I know I'm talking to and login as here I'm going to put in my username. This is my eid and Password and you get this nice little splash screen that says baocat gives all our warnings there You know we don't want to use HIPAA data anything classified in like that We don't keep the strict security controls on that so I am going to You can go change settings here and I'm gonna make this bigger. I think there's a HEAD and ODE head node There we are now. It's big enough. You can see everything there so I'm gonna One thing you notice like I said is there's no point and click mouse everything you're doing with your mouse here is on on your Own machine. You're not communicating anything with baocat by with the mouse. So I can't drag-and-drop files I can't You know every I can't change my position on the screen anything like that with the mouse. That's all done with Keyboards so you're gonna have to get used to Doing lots of stuff with keyboards and I'm just there are I Could spend like a semester up here talking about how to use Linux. So we're gonna go over the real real real basics First of all is seeing what files we have here creating and navigating directories what I put on my thing here good so The basic command for seeing what's in a directory A directory is what we on Linux call a folder in Windows or OS 10 It's a name that's been around forever. So when I say a directory, that's what I'm talking about So that you got to make that kind of mental transition is It's a folder. So if I want to see what when I first get dropped into Linux you'll see I have this little tilde sign little squiggle that tells me I'm in my home directory Which is where you'll be when you first log in The basic command to see what's in there is LS now if you first logged in for the first time This will show up with nothing in it, but as you can see I have lots of files out there output files different Things that I've used installing software for other people some I think I even have a couple of documents in here that I've created that kind of thing I've just saved on Bayo cat but you can see that that kind of is hard to to To see the whole screen And it doesn't give you a whole lot of information. Now. These are color-coded. So like for instance the blue stuff is Our directories green stuff is executable Purple what is the purple? images, yeah, so Color code stuff for you. So kind of get you some some idea of what's out there, but you can see that there's a Lot of a lot. I got a whole bunch of stuff in one spot that makes kind of hard to manage What we can do is you create you can create a directory and you can and you can go put files in folders in there I'm going to show you the easy way to do that from another machine here in a bit But you got to have some basic working understanding of how this works before we're going to be able to do much with Bayo cat So I'm going to pick a directory here Bayo cat intro so to change to my directory. I'm going to say cd for change directory Little history here Linux is built on Unix which came from the 1960s. So Everything was Very precious memory space was precious Typing was very precious. So everything got compressed to be really short short commands Especially for the older stuff. The stuff has been around forever like directories. So they don't say change directory. It's cd Because that way when you were on your 100 bod modem that you could type that really fast and you would get results back faster So so it's a CD space Bayo cat intro and now when I do my LS Should be significantly fewer fires that but files there These are the things I use from my friend the previous class that we did here and you can see now. I just have a few Short files there one of them here. I'll even point you to later. This is my sample Q sub that When when you go to submit files that you guys not that's open to the world You guys can go copy that and modify it to your own means What you can see to is They have command line switches What a command line switch is that it modifies the command? So I'm going to give you an example now that we do have a lot of this stuff on the there is a Linux basics page on our wiki So most of this information is there and I'll bring that up here in a minute to So by saying dash L means makes a long form So LS is direct is listing of your directory LS dash L is the long form and this tells me other interesting information here These are the dates that it changed the file name the size of the file in this column This is the user and group by default everything you're going to your name is going everything that you create is going to be under your Name this is your EID and your group is your name with underscore users We have a few groups set up on campus that we might might change that but we have user and the group The other thing you see over here is something we're going to get into a little bit. It's on permissions This is where we see especially new users get hung up a lot is on permissions permissions what this is is this is every one of these columns has a spot for RW and X and it's three times so RW X RW X RW X and that tells you what permissions has for the user Read write and execute this first column tells you whether you as as the owner of the file have read write or execute permissions The second column tells you whether your group has read write or execute So the hot co has been users group which happens to include me so in this case not going to make a whole lot of difference and This one is the entire world So everybody that's not in my group gets this so Like this QQ sub file over here. You can execute that yourself If I don't want to it's not very useful in its current form But you can go in here and you could read this file and execute it yourself because even though it's my file I've set the rest of the world to give execute permissions on that Other things you can do I'm going to sort Yeah, sort by capital L capital S Sort it by size. Sometimes you want to see the biggest file. Sometimes you want to see the smallest file LT is sorts by date So there's now now has the newest at the bottom and the oldest of the newest at the top bolt is at the bottom I Can reverse the order LRT? I use this one all the time because I usually I usually want to see the last few files that I've edited And that would show me that the last thing I had in this folder was September 2014 So to change directories Again back out of here You always have the option of going back to your home directory by just doing cd Change directory and enter Without anything behind it that'll get you back to your your home directory back to where you you your your own your own home where you very first get started if you need to go to somebody else's stuff I I'm going to Adam. Do you have a? Directory it's open to the world again Okay, going to somebody else's stuff that that same till D That we see over here this I like most people call it a squiggle that till these the official name for it You can say and this with the other person's name. So till the his Directory is Moses So that'll change to his directory and now I'm looking at his stuff And this will show what I can see out of his stuff and like I say he has a folder there called temp. So Change directory to temp from here. They'll go down. So now I'm in his directory Moses slash temp and Again to get back to my own CD Inner and now I'm back to my own home directory again now I've kind of showed you the hard way because there's going to be times that you need to have that information On how to do this from within Bayo cat Transferring files in and out is probably the easiest way of making directories and folders and everything else and We have a couple of programs that'll do that I'm going to fire up here a program called MOBA X term That's MOBA X T E R M And it is a slick little program This is for Windows only for OS 10 I Suggest using and Linux and Windows all three have files illa. It's very similar and I have it here in case we have time I can show you that one too This is this is my new favorite if when I'm on Windows. I actually have my my normal desktop is a Mac so I Just I transfer files in by command line myself Once you get a dance enough that you're Thinking in terms of how the command line works That's probably what you're going to do but for graphics purposes files illa works on Mac and MOBA X term is the one I recommend on Windows even though files illa will do Linux Mac and Windows 2 What this will do it'll actually import your putty sessions do so if you've already got putty it'll Automatically import what you have I'm going to quick connect up here to head node dot Bayo cat dot Ksu.edu Just like I did before in putty and it's an SSH session and Again, it's going to ask me for my user name and my password It asked me if I want to save my password and then it'll ask me for another thing It says for SSH browser password This is for transferring files in and out you put the same password in again and again if you have it saved I'm not going to do this on this machine because this isn't my machine and I don't want them saving my password But if you just on your own machine where you're familiar with where you're comfortable with this You can have it save your password, and then you have to do all this part every time put my password in there again And no, I don't want to save it And now you can see it's exactly the same as we had with putty as far as how this looks What you see over here to the side though is you see the the effective What everything I had there from my LS all these files and folders that I have over here So what that lets me do then is I can drag and drop I can download files. I can take this file That's kind of big one. Let's take a smaller one there that one I right-click and say download and that'll just move it to my own machine You can also do really cool things like if you have a let me quit this presentation here. I Have here my downloads folder that I just On on my windows machine. So this is my windows machine. This is mobile X term. I can take Like this putty file and just drop it drag and drop it over there And it'll let me do that and I can even take entire folders and drop it over It'll create the whole folder structure and everything on the other side That is probably the easiest way of getting files in and out So let's pick something here. Let's see if they have any like I said, it's not even my computer So I'm going to play with something Here, I'm just going to create a folder here. No, this is on my windows desktop here folder called Kyle's stuff And I'm going to take the files that I downloaded here today I'm going to copy them into Kyle's stuff now. I'm going to take that Kyle's stuff folder and Copy it over there Shouldn't take too very long You can see a little progress bar down here. It's 26% done here now Well, it's doing that though. I can show you that I can say CD space Kyle's stuff and we can see the folders that are there now on the other side. What's that? How to import the files themselves these will be usually Now like executable files and it won't run on Linux from Windows. Is that is that what you're asking? Import what kind of file I guess I'm Oh during the using the command line I Don't have a SSH client that'll do that downloaded here. Yeah, I do I can get it though real quick just a second here I don't have anything to use Tell you what I'll do I can Go back to my own desktop here. Just a second here go back to mobile X term This is my Desktop cancel transfer files Okay, this is actually from my Mac. So this is the command line that I have from the Mac and I can do scp space I Just saw dang it file there called synergy.com. So that's why in synergy.conf and I'm going to copy it to bao cat. So this is how I do I say head node dot bao cat Dot KSU dot edu colon and the colon says That means it's a foreign file system. So I'm going to copy it over there Yes, go ahead and connect and it copies. I already had the password Saved on my on my desktops. That's why it didn't ask me for the password there Normally shut it asked for the password and they'll just copy files over Things appears to have gotten stuck at that 26% that's unusual and right now I'm going to go back and I'm going to remove to remove of a command It's RM again. They try to be very compact on space. So RM is is Is to remove a file And also did you notice that when I'm typing I don't type the first three letters And then the rest of it shows up. That's because I'm using what's called tab line tab completion So I type in the first couple letters here like I just created that file center g.com I want to remove it. So I do RM and I type the first let's do s For instance, just the first letter to see what happens here. I hit tab and nothing happens I hit tab again, and it shows all of the files and start with s Right there So I can see that There's the one I'm looking for So if I get s y is there anything with s y in there No, as soon as I hit tab it'll complete that it knows what the files are already. So That at least when there's lots of typing they make it a lot easier and that especially if you have things with with spaces in them You notice that I have Kyle stuff as a What has a space in it generally command you don't like files with spaces in them Because they're hard to get to when on a command line because if you look at how A space means some something, you know Going from I'm listing two different files if I just said Kyle stuff It's like a directory called files and a directory called stuff, and that's not what we want So I'm going to CD Kyle's stuff, and you'll see that it says. Oh, I need to put a little backslash But below the tick mark I need to put a backslash below this before the space So that command line completion is really good for that kind of thing and good We're getting close on time, and I'm getting close to being done with the first part here Ownership and permissions this is again where we see the biggest issue with With with new users in particular of not being able to Get what they think they should have when you transfer stuff from Windows They come or and then I think this is pretty universal unless you have certain things set up that You they'll come in with these kind of permissions With read write for yourself and read for everybody else a lot of people don't want to do that We do have a section on our website that talks about how to do this, and I'm not going to go over it because quite frankly It's going to be boring to watch somebody do this but I have on support dot baocat.ksu.eu This is our support pages. I'm going to show you this right off the bat here because We have Whereas Linux basics this is also wiki It look if you log in with your eid username and password you can go in here and add stuff to this if You think it's going to help anybody else, so we encourage you to do that Please do we want to make this as useful as possible to as many people as possible So if you see areas here that I didn't cover that you said wow that would really be useful for me to know Please go in and change it at least send us an email to tell us change it We're trying to make this useful and we want you guys to be comfortable with the with the tools we got here, so This is kind of going over the stuff we have logging in for the first time what you need to do Transferring files we give some command line examples here to and basic Linux commands as well as ownership and permissions a Quick cheat sheet is some of the most common Things you'll need to use it on the Linux side of things The reason you're going to need to know this is because when you go to submit your jobs If you have it in a folder already you need to be able to get to that folder to begin with so that's an important thing to know and how to edit Text files One of the other things that new people get stuck with is editing text files There are a couple of for brand new people we suggest using nano So I'm going to put in nano is a is a program. That's just a plain text editor. So nano I have Whatever I'm working on last. This is just me I use a file called temp dot text if I'm not going to be using it for anything So this is something I look like I did a directory listing for something for some reason who knows So from this it's basically like using notepad on Windows Yes, I Already did that once I mean make it bigger yet. Oh, I didn't do it here increase font size Control mouse wheel up check it out. I can make it lots bigger Okay But again unlike Windows remember this is not mouse if I copy this and hit the backspace key nothing's going to happen because it The mouse has nothing to do with what you're seeing on the other side. So Yeah, we have the cursor up here that's it on the first line here, and I can use that to backspace over files and Create Okay, I didn't create more text in here changing what's there When I go to quit these down here the little carrot means control So if I want to quit this I control X and it'll say do you want to save it? Yes file name by default. It's going to keep the same name or you can change it to this point and Now I've edited that file. I encourage you if you're going to be using Linux more than just casually to learn vi Vi has a learning curve that looks that approximates a wall It is very very difficult to first get started once you first get started once you get your first half hour in It's it's good that first half hour is a pain in the rear. It's a headache, but it'll also let you do Really slick things like I want to delete these next two lines and paste them at the end things like that that all with command line Stuff that you would normally do like say with a mouse and copy and paste and those kinds of things and Lots of other things besides you can I can replace Every instance of the 2015 with 2017, you know through the whole file doing quick searches replaces things like that So it's very powerful for text editor if you're doing all your editing on Windows is transferring in them out You don't need to do that But if you're going to spend any time on the Linux command line doing file editing highly suggest you learn vi there are tutorials out there that are Quite comprehensive on this, but I will for one you that the first time you get in it You're going to say okay. I'm this is great. I'm in here now How do I do anything and how do I get out because it's a pain in the rear So make sure you have a tutorial already pulled up before you ever start it That covers really the basics and like I said, I knew that I for one year that if you had any experience with Linux That was going to be way too basic for you. So Questions comments snide remarks at this point. Everybody awake still, okay Half of them died died aboard them probably What would you recommend information so we can use your site check some basic Yeah, support support.bayocat.ksu.edu That that will get you to our support wiki and we link to some other external documents from there What else do you need with it tells you how to get a hold of us on top of that? What else do you are you looking for there? Just for basics Yes, yes, and and we have pretty much everything we have going to our support wiki We don't have a whole lot of information out there outside of our support wiki So that's really where we keep that's what we keep updated and and where we keep useful information And like I said, we encourage there are sections that are locked that you can't change it You can't go in and say change how many nodes that we have and that kind of thing But you know for especially for things that are useful for people learning how to do stuff Those are the kind of things that you know, I've been using Linux since 2004, so I forget what it was like 20 years ago You know what I was doing this kind of things so I'm really trying to make this so you guys can Can help each other out as much as we can help you out. I mean we're all more than happy to You know to do some hand-holding and help you get started But it's a matter of getting to that point, you know the Having us be having you be able to ask good questions of us and having good support resources out there So that you don't have to for for silly things Fair enough other questions Okay, we're gonna move on