 With the greater momentum reflected upwards, we can grasp the reflected stomach, spleen and pancreas body and tail and also the liver, pancreas head and duodenum. These organs can be grasped on block. The transverse colon and its mesocolon and then the ascending colon, cecum and small intestine can all be grasped on mass. The descending colon as well can be grasped. You can see the left and right kidneys wrapped by renal fascia. With six hands, we can move the three separate organ groups. The celiac trunk and the superior mesoteric artery are axial structures for the two digestive fascial systems. The kidney is connected via the renal artery to the aorta. The three fascial systems in the abdomen have been demonstrated. This renal fascia is situated between the peritoneum and the muscle fascia on the internal surface of the abdominal wall. The renal fascia envelopes not only the kidney, but also the abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava and renal vessels. From the abdominal aorta, the testicular artery descends anteriorly and from the kidney, the ureter descends in front of the iliac artery. From the internal iliac artery, several branches to the pelvic organs originate. Accordingly, the common renal fascia at the level of the kidney separates into three fasciae within the pelvis. In the lower abdomen, the renal fascia is in three layers. In this transverse section diagram, the ureter, ductus deferens, arteries and autonomic nerves are shown in their respective layers. Three fascial layers surrounding these structures are formed. The orange-colored fascia between the ductus deferens and the testicular artery will be dissected first. We will trace the left renal fascia to the testis and ductus deferens. First, we identify the testicular vessels and then ascend. We grasp the left kidney within the renal fascia and dissect the testicular vessels medial to the kidney and trace downward until we reach the deep inguino ring. Close to this ring, we find the thin ductus deferens. We can note a fascial layer between the testicular vessels and the ductus deferens. Holding the inferior epigastric vessels, we shift the spermatic cord which winds around this vessel group. After this procedure, we can hold the testicular vessels and ductus deferens and identify the membranous fascia between the vessels and spermatic cord. This fascia is provisionally called the testicular deferential fascia. In appearance, this fascia is attached to the peritoneum. However, these two membranes are separable. Now we will return to the pelvic part of the renal fascia. Behind the ureter, the common iliac artery continues to the internal iliac artery which gives off visceral branches. We will dissect the fascia of the ureter and that adjacent to the internal iliac artery. Now we will examine the vesicle hypogastric fascia of the right side from the lateral approach. The external iliac artery is shifted laterally and the ureter is also shifted in order to view the internal iliac artery. The umbilical artery originates from the internal iliac artery at high level, proceeds anteriorly and runs along the bladder within the upper border of the vesicle hypogastric fascia. This important fascia encompasses the pelvic organs and reaches the side of the prostate and rectum. It also includes numerous visceral vessels. Internal to the vesicle hypogastric fascia, there is another fascia which includes the ureter and the pelvic plexus. Provisionally, we have termed this as the fascia for the ureter and hypogastric nerves or the uretero-hypogastric fascia. Internal to the vesicle hypogastric fascia, we find the ureter which is within a different fascia. These two fascia layers are easily separable. Now we will trace the fascia of the ureter upward. As we again descend, we note that this fascia also includes hypogastric nerves. We will return to examine these hypogastric nerves later. Now we will study the three fascial strata of the pelvis using the halves of the viscera which were removed from the pelvic wall. Of particular note, the fascia comprising the ureter also contains autonomic nerves. We will now examine the left side. Holding the renal fascia, we descend along the testicular vessels to the spermatic cord. Examining the testicular deferential fascia, we ascend along the ductus deferens and finally reach the prostate. If we shift this fascia layer, we note that the ampula of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle are within this fascia. By reflecting the testicular vessels medially, we can dissect laterally and posteriorward. Although there is some adhesion, we can remove the ureter and its fascia from the testicular deferential fascia. Now, looking at the median area, you can see whitish thread-like structures running inside the testicular deferential fascia. After removal of the testicular deferential fascia, these white thread-like structures can be identified as the superior hypogastric plexus and hypogastric nerves along the aorta. These nerves are included within the fascia of the ureter, thus we provisionally call this fascia the uretero-hypogastric fascia. Lateral most, we find the internal iliac artery, the umbilical ligament, and then the vesicle-hypogastric fascia. The three distinct parallel layers of the renal fascia can be seen. Finally, we will open the testicular deferential fascia and follow the ductus deferens to the ampula and the seminal vesicle. As they are within the same fascia, we can easily separate the ampula of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle. Now, we cut and remove the seminal vesicle. Behind the seminal vesicle, the uretero-hypogastric fascia can be seen. The whitish, sheet-like structure is the lower end of the hypogastric nerve. It continues to the pelvic plexus. The pelvic plexus is situated close to the seminal vesicle and the recto-vesicle septum. The visceral fasciae within the pelvis have been demonstrated, with special reference to their continuation with the intra-abdominal fascia.