 I'm very excited to introduce our keynote speaker today, and I need to be, of course, known her as president of the Mary Robinson Foundation Climate Justice. Of course, all of you know her as our president of Ireland. She served from 1990 to 1997. And of course, as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights in 1997 to 2002. She also sits on the advisory board of Stable Energy for All and is a member of the lead group of Stable Health Nutrition Movement. Between 2013 and 2016, Mrs. Rowling-Lissons served as UN Secretary-General's Special Envoy in three roles. First for the Great Lakes Region of Africa. Then on to climate change. I know she recently has a special envoy on anti-hero and climate. And this week, I'm very excited to hear that she was appointed as chair of the late Nelson Mandela's Council of Fathers, which is a truly awesome responsibility. You haven't seen her appearance on the late age of last Friday. I can say it was very meaningful and positive contribution, both to the international climate policy context and also to our international context here at home. When you face the award like that, I'm really excited. This really is a meeting, after my own heart, I'll say. I thank the four organizations that are brought together. And I'm also pleased that before coming in here, they will get some flavor of the marketplace that ideas are tied. The struggle to secure climate justice is a global struggle, from my friend Hindu's community in Chad to, I should tell you more about that, to our own communities here in Ireland, climate change is already affecting all of our lives. In a report of his visit to Ireland last month, the UN Special Operator on the Right to a Healthy Environment, David Boyd, stated that there is no doubt that climate change is violating the right to life and other human rights. He warns that in the future, these violations will expand in terms of geographic scope, severity and number of people affected, unless effective measures are implemented in the short term to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect natural carbon sinks. Only a global movement can mobilize the transformation needed to prevent an irreversible climate crisis. And only a climate justice transformation on the right of all people can be sustainable and protect both people and the planet. And this is why I encourage everyone in Ireland to make the issue personal to them and personal to their family to reduce their consumption to millions and recycle and become more energy efficient. If we all take it more seriously personally and in our families, we would put more pressure on government to take more action and that can happen all over the world. And again, I want to congratulate the enthusiastic people including school children that I met in the marketplace who are coming up with some really very good ideas that we hear about later. I want to talk today about realising a dust transition to a 1.5 degrees warming world, not 1.5 degrees Celsius. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, special report on global warming at 1.5 degrees Celsius, released last month, heralds the end of the fossil fuel era. We've entered a new reality. Fossil fuel companies have lost their legitimacy and social licence to operate. Just as it is expected, there is still standing a product that is known to cause harm is not socially or ethically acceptable. What is required now is a just transition to a cleaner, healthier world, one of which protects people and their rights as they embrace unprecedented levels of climate action. We need to jumpstart a collective consciousness to save ourselves and that consciousness must have justice and the protection of people and their rights at its core. Limiting global warming at 1.5 degrees Celsius would reduce the number of people exposed to climate risk and poverty by several millions by 2050. It would reduce the risk of drought, extreme precipitation and hot extremes and prepare for warming at 2 degrees Celsius. But even at 1.5 degrees, climate risks are inevitable and they disproportionately affect the poorest and most vulnerable people in all countries with at least 12 countries and small island developing states among the countries most at risk. These risks are to health, to food security, water supply, human security and economic growth and all risks increase the more the planet warms. So climate action on an unprecedented scale is required. Due to the pace and magnitude of this delta transition it would pose risks to human rights as it is being developed if not carefully managed. For example, 1.5 degrees Celsius pathways include large-scale land use changes to grow fuel for bioenergy that could compete with food production and cause food insecurity. When we think back to the push for biofuels in the 2000s we recall how interspersed land for growing food to grow fuel resulting in food prices or utility. It increased pressures on land in all regions of the world causing local communities to fear evictions, small food producers to be priced out of land rockets and led people to protest in the streets to highlight the rising price of stable foods. Ethics and human rights can help to manage and reduce the list of climate action at the pace and scale needed to meet the 1.5 degrees Celsius goal. The IPCC special report finds that, and I quote, the design of the mitigation portfolios and policy instruments to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius will largely determine the overall synergies of trade-offs between mitigation and sustainable development. I'm very happy that in my foundation we found a way to say this, it's much less technical. What it means is, in order to reduce the list posed to people and their development by climate action all kind of action has to be informed by human rights and equity. In fact, action to achieve the 1.5 degrees goal can go hand in hand and have multiple synergies with sustainable development, poverty reduction and reducing inequality. If designed with people and their rights at the very center. Zero carbon future is compatible with the zero poverty future if justice and rights inform the transition. So I'd like to discuss what this means in the context of a just transition. The concept of a just transition has its origins in the labor movement, aiming to secure the future and livelihood of the workers and their communities in the transition to a low carbon economy. It's based on social dialogue, participation and a commitment to human rights. It's an economy-wide process that produces the plans, policies and investments that lead to a future where all jobs are green and decent, greenhouse gas emissions are a net zero, poverty is eradicated and communities are thriving and resilient. It will be down to national and local governments to work with unions and the fossil fuel companies to ensure that workers in the fossil fuel industry are not forgotten in this global struggle to save our planet. The challenge we face is to design and manage the next industrial revolution. Transition to a zero carbon climate resilient future with minimal negative impacts and effects on workers and their communities. There are unfortunately too many examples of unjust transitions away from fossil fuels. We're all acutely aware, those of us who are open enough are acutely aware of the suffering brought about by the closure of coal mines in England, Wales and Scotland during the 1980s. Colonies were shut down and the miners by that one strike. The Margaret Nature government, dignified unions and workers who stood up for their rights were planned into poverty. Communities in Durham, Kent, Yorkshire, South Wales and Central Scotland, the heartlands of the industrial revolution were left to bear the brunt of a social, economic and environmental fallout from the 19 closures and the lead suffer to some extent still today. In my book, Tire Justice, Hope, Resilience and the Fight for a Sustainable Future, I tell the story of Ken Smith, a lead Zion copper miner and a union leader from Canada. His story captures the complexity of challenges and opportunities presented by a just transition. Ken realized that the mine he worked in and that his community unidon was inevitably going to close as zinc prices were collapsing on the global market. He decided to prepare for the worst and enunciated a closure agreement with both the government and the mining company to fund the development of a just plan. The transition plan was focused on providing support for workers to cushion against the redundancy, train in new skills and source new employment in the vast forest area. Ken and the union colleagues even succeeded in securing the creation of a national program to recognize and certify the skills and competences of mining workers so they could move from place to place. As a result, Ken and many of his friends and co-workers secured new jobs in the Alberta oil sands thousands of miles away from Bathurst. But they didn't manage to create new jobs but would allow them to stay at home and many members of the community didn't want to leave or indeed couldn't leave due to family commitments and ties. Marriages and families broke up as the men in the community moved away to find work and Bathurst lost his soul. For Ken aged 56 he didn't want to leave home as he says, even us old guys get homesick. Now Ken is a union leader in Fort McMurray in Alberta where he moved to this mining to find work. He realizes that the 3,500 oil sands workers will soon face the same point as his Bathurst colleagues. He knows climate change is real and that fossil fuels have a limited future. Most of the workers in Fort McMurray have moved there as a necessity as they lost their jobs in other mines and failed industries. In Ken's words and I quote they know the tide is coming in. They just want to prepare themselves to move on to a new job. He believes that preparation is a better way than persistence. Sharon Burrow, the general secretary of the International Trade Union in Federation echoes Ken's calls for preparation and partnership with his workers to shape a just transition. He knows it can work. In her native Australia the town of South Augusta faced the closure of the coal farm power station which the local economy depended. In the five years leading up to the plans closure in 2016 the workers, local businesses citizens and the human came together to forge a just transition plan. The plan was informed by research that found that a solar terminal plant was the best option for a smooth skill transfer of the coal powered plant and for a long term clean energy solution. The solar plant will create 1,800 jobs and will save 5 million tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions but it will also support the wider community to thrive and meet the benefits of a zero powering future. The need for a just transition has arisen in the last few weeks in the context of heat production here in Ireland. For decades workers in communities all around the world have earned a living and served the people of Ireland by harvesting heat to heat our homes and power our industries. However we now know that heat is the worst of fossil fuels we've earned for energy. The motives to end our heat industries are indisputable. Heat generates less energy per ton than coal and reduces higher CO2 emissions per unit. Burning it is an inefficient and primitive way to create energy. There's no economic argument from an economic heat as a fuel source or subsidizing this production although in 2016 the sector received 115 million euros in subsidies to generate beef hard electricity. However the need for an urgent end to heat extraction mustn't undermine the rights of the communities whose lives are dependent on the laws. There needs to be a long term strategy in place that ensures the rights and dignity of the people whose lives are impacted by this transition. With the right support from the government and through partnership with workers and unions for the moment has the opportunity to deliver a just transition strategy to end the use of heat for energy production by 2028 or I would say earlier. Ken and Sharon's experience has shown the importance of dialogue, partnership and planning in shaping a just transition so the imperative is to start that planning now. I'm pleased to be a long-remembered of a group of business leaders called ET. I'm not a business woman I'm a business worker Our mission is to catalyse a better way of doing business for the well-being of people and families. I co-chair ET's working group on net zero emissions that aims to reduce emissions to zero by 2050 through a just transition. That's what the companies are committed to. Business leaders that join this progressive team will commit to ensuring that their ambitions transition plans account for the positive impacts on workers and communities and work in partnership with stakeholders to ensure that the transition is both just and fair. Companies giving this leadership into Terney, Unilever, Dow, Chittany Natura and Separaton They share their progress and experiences towards clean loans of decarbonisation and just transition with their peers and are committed to sharing an annual report on the progress they're making. The first progress report was published in January this year and shows companies taking their vision steps to understand and plan for a just transition. They're doing this informed by the just transition rights of business, developed by the Just Transition Centre of the International Union Congress and the ET. As well as the International Labour Organization ILO guidelines for a just transition towards extravix environmentally sustainable economic and society for all. The progress report shows companies on a just transition pathway. They've a long way to go but they're sharing what they're learning along the way in the hope of inspiring others to follow their lead. For example, I think this one, Natura a beauty product company based in Brazil invites its workers to training sessions and meetings to discuss its next zero strategy and how it could affect the workforce and the wider community and their planning ahead. So to dial out the right to participation lies at the heart of the just transition. The worst thing a company can do is deny that change is going to happen and fail to prepare and engage workers, suppliers and the wider community for the inevitable. Co-vimers, oil, gas and heat workers all need to have an active role in deciding what they want their future to be it cannot be imposed on them. It takes time and investment to ensure the companies remain vibrant and jobs secure. Workers need support to be skilled and access to training to find new jobs or if close to a time of date to gain early access to their pensions. The right to participate and to be part of this decision making is key. The Just Transition Centre and BT business guide to a just transition identifies three key steps companies and governments need to take in addition to having clear policies and plans on both private actions and human rights. The right to present these briefly because they are all involved in shaping a just transition in the Irish and international context. The first step is to engage employers, workers and humans as well as government communities and civil society in a just transition planning dialogue. The second is to plan with all stakeholders to develop a complete time bound company and sectoral strategy for a just transition and finally all stakeholders must enact the strategy. Social protection will be critical to protect people who lose their jobs while they miss skill and find new jobs. There is a role for government to provide a social protection system but also for companies to ensure the contributions and taxes are paid in full so that the workers can pay health benefits, social welfare, pensions etc. Investment would also be needed in education and training so that the oil and gas workers of today for example can re-train and upskill as a civil engineer, an IT specialist or whatever they want to reinvent themselves and us. Change is, as you know, inevitable and planning for it is key. As Gordon Morgan agrees this is the opportunity it sees in its real and fossil fuel free future parallel efforts must ensure that the workers are supported in finding the power to their future too. As a blind star in its peep business which I believe it can do probably in Lancel in 2028, it will need to spearhead a collaborative and inclusive effort to develop new businesses to support the low-power economy and create some 400-500 jobs across the millions. Does the country convert to Spain? Spain can inspire us where the government recently announced plans to shut down most of its coal mines by the end of this year. After government and unions struck a deal that will mean 250 million euro will be invested in a just transition in mining regions over the next decade. This type of investment is critical before it is adopted a long behind approach to transition away from coal, peat, oil and gas in our region. A core principle of climate justice is the right to participate in climate decision making and that's why it's imperative to engage all stakeholders both as governments, workers, businesses citizens and unions in dialogue about what lies ahead to engage, plan and enact a just transition together with hope and opportunity. Ultimately we must recognize not just how we empower our economies and our societies but how we build fairer structures that ensure all people can be part of a transition to a fairer and safer and healthier world. We need to move rapidly to a zero-power future. We have to do that justly or unjustly. A just transition will leave no one behind not the pastoralists in the indigenous community, the miners the adjuster or the peat workers the militants of Ireland. A just transition will approve rights and empower people to play their part in achieving a zero-power world. You know, having been an attack commissioner of human rights I always fall back on human deterioration for human rights and Article 1 in the very beginning of this all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. In times of great change, these rights must be protected. And this year the Declaration is 70 years old. The world has changed measureably in that period of time yet the principles and values that underpin the Declaration and our shared humanity remain more relevant than ever. Two of the many great women who inspired me in my life are Eleanor Roosevelt who led the process that resulted in the UN Declaration of Human Rights after World War II by Gary Mathai, the leader of the Greenbelt movement in Kenya and I would like to end with words of inspiration for each of them. Firstly, from Eleanor Roosevelt in the speech that she gave us so long in Paris in 1948 she said the future must be the broadening of human rights throughout the world. People without glist freedom will never be content until they have secured themselves. For instance, human rights are a fundamental object of law and government in a just society. By Gary Mathai picked up the same sentiment a few decades later and she said in the course of history that comes a time when humanity is calling upon to switch to a new level of consciousness to reach a higher moral ground. That time has come. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. to replace people joining the program, for instance, are there any initiatives that aren't being taken by local governments, in your region, or by NGOs that you'd like to say thank you? My question would be about this. What's mentioned at my sample video was how developing nations are often most hit by the actions of the developed world. I feel like we're seeing a troubling trend in the developed world of people fearing to take responsibility for the actions that we are doing. What are ways that we can encourage people to take the sense of responsibility for the world and how they can make it a one for everyone, and not just in the place they're from? I think it's really important about talking about the conflict that can be directly related to climate change, because I've seen that in Syria where there's ever been research about the conflict in Syria, but soon to go on drought in the Mediterranean. So how is it clear that that's the question first? I have some. The degree rising. You see the climate impact of people. So we have about 80% of people who depend from the environment as a country. Any person living in the real game, in fact, of course, depends on the conflict between them, as I told you. So when we are at reuse, and we have the water pipeline where we start, when we move to a given place for us, then we move to another container environment because our ship house implies the land. For us, it's a strategy because it's a shield. So we keep the environment in balance with our life. But what is how people should come? Like farms start in this place. In our weather, the land is not that good. So how do we have to go so hard for the caters, for the people who are in 50 degrees to follow workout, follow bless, and do those people? So this can be resolved in order to serve the people who are joining the helpers, too. And how this can be resolved? It's a land who is happening there. But local land running, people will. But it's not enough. It's not enough to support. It needs an alternative livelihood. So how do they build the capacity of the young people who are around the place who also deserve life and who also deserve the infertile life to give them this alternative? You know, these people in my community, to now, to invest in this, people do not have a bad certificate. Everything everyone must have in order to say, I'm a citizen of this country, right? So they don't have, while you don't have, then you don't talk about the hospital or other things. So the base is set up in order to allow a sustainable development and keep the people from the terrorist group. We have France, but we have also EU, and now we have America, to keep the peace in the regions. But the peace in the region that they are keeping is how they can enforce the army to make the security. Disconnect the army security and development of the peoples that can be forward, hand by hand. Of course we need army to secure the region, fight the terrorist group. But we need army to keep them busy on their life by giving them the alternative work. And that they can feel the toward, because I have whatever that I have, I have to protect my land and peoples, and then it becomes much secure. So that the government still has now. So we need to keep this government. And coming to this individual in each work can help. It's much sustainable and industrialized and cultured. Individual choice, individual choice who can contribute a lot to the global choice. Countries, these are the developing countries. This is very important. The industrialized revolution created climate effort. Of course maybe it was a mistake, people didn't know that it's going to lead us to this. But now everyone know the climate is a reality. Developed countries cannot deny it. Even we have the fire here also in the island. It's now in developed countries, if they do not take the action now. So take the action for yourself that you do not know. Just to share together. Anywhere you need water to drink, you need food in your table just to share equally among the humanity. We must share the air and water with food equally. And in order to share it, we have to keep by respecting the developing people in the developing countries. I live in places like Chad and perhaps you could maybe bring that back to us here in Ireland and how we contribute to that and also address the other two questions around personal responsibility. Yeah, I think they are very important questions and really, really appropriate. I think what we need to reflect on are how does society change? Society in an environment like ours here in Ireland. And there are maybe two to three key drivers of change. What is regulation? We probably wouldn't have given up using plastic bags and throwing them away willy-nilly, but they're not a tax on plastic bags. So economic costs. There is a role for regulation around illustrating to us the costs of some of our wanton behaviour. And I think maybe just to spend a bit more time on this, how does behaviour change happen? I bet everybody in this room believes in the right thing to do and would expect that the person beside them would know that, for example, there's a wonderful exhibition piece out there calling on parents to turn off their engines when they're waiting for their children outside school. And once you see it, it's so obvious. Of course, of course I should. But it's only when practices become socially unacceptable that actually people default to the more appropriate behaviour. So we need to continually, those of us who are thinking, you know, I like to do this, but people might laugh at me or, you know, not everybody's doing it, therefore what's the point? We have to create a critical mass of behaviour in order to tip the balance. The other thing that's important about social behaviour change is that most people might walk around thinking, my values state that it is important to brand and say, silent to work, rather than take the car. However, again, everybody else is driving a car, it's raining, it's wet in Ireland, and all of you know what difference will it make. Look, if you think, actually, seven out of ten people that I come in contact with are probably thinking, I know it's the right thing to cycle, but I'm going to drive. The more those people actually change their behaviour, talk to each other, and reinforce each other's attitudes around the changes that need to happen the more it becomes actually socially unacceptable to take the easier option, which is the option that damages the environment. So what I'm saying is that we need to influence each other. So we need to talk about these issues, be champions, keep on reiterating them. Our children will come home from school telling us what the right things and the wrong things do are, pay them respect, give them time and attention and reinforce their views to the actions that we take. My colleague Dr. Lorna Gold wrote a fantastic book which I think everybody should really pay attention to because as I've just heard it is about our children's future. These issues are affecting our lives. And so the more people realise that actually it's not just about something terrible having it in a faraway country that I really have no control or influence over. It's actually my children that will suffer from potential flooding or at least insurance costs or poor air quality or higher costs of healthcare. So I think that reinforce the positive actions to our own behaviours, they're probably the best way to drive change. Yeah and Lorna's book I think is available on the market-based air for people who's interested. We can take a few more questions afterwards and we'll see them in there and we'll put them over there. So we'll take those here. Yes, thank you. For us on the bus, I mean on behalf of the Netherlands and the sea here in Dublin my question is regarding those changes that have been doing their daily lives. There's a lot of bad options for the environment eating meat, driving your car however for most people most of the bad options are usually the easier options are usually also the cheaper options. The problem with the big changes is that mostly the poorer people will be affected by the needs of the change. If we really prohibit those other things or tax them, the poorer people will be hit the hardest. Now the poorer countries are hit the hardest. So my question is how will we deal with this social inequality arising from that? Thank you. Hi there, do you agree with me that you're going to stop the auto-driving today? We had an amazing visit recently from Pope Francis and a local doctor to see. Is it possible that the diversity in the church will be re-invested locally in every parish, every school, retrofit, community buildings where it starts? And maybe with a French-based approach rather than a Irish-based can we have a green retail financial tool that we can use to have sustainable energy growing homes that will avoid having to create greenhouse gas, create jobs and can be a very viable future for just transition. Thank you. I'm interested to know about population and how we can talk about a sustainable global population that is in line with climate because I wonder in your country in chat as a result of the crisis that you're facing do family numbers increase, do they decrease? Where can we have these type of conversations about the fact that the 7 billion is on the planet and we can't all consume the same amount of resources and we need conflict. So I don't know if you have any opinion or any insight into that. Would you like to address that comment there on population and consumption? Yeah, sure. About populations, of course we say we do not have resources, but we cannot stop people from growing up, from giving births. That's for sure, right? So it's a brand of housework. So in chat of populations the line is 1,200,000 km2 like 2 times from 3 times German, so the line is really big. We have a different ecosystem we have 100% desert, we have Savannah, a tropical forest and a deep. And that means we have more population in the southern place than the north. And that's the issue of there is not enough water in the desert area, so people are moving to that place. But coming to the population, probably our job, we have more kids than those who are busy having jobs or having other issues. So that's really exactly what's happening there. You have no job. Your agriculture is not giving and then you are just there. You have no other work to do. Maybe the constellation that you have is making babies, you have to make babies. And then the normal, I don't know excuse or realities coming up is kids giving by God. You cannot stop them. That's what's happening. That takes us to analogous countries coming up in the developing culture. Most of the developing countries do not talk about you because there are other issues that we talk about. So this is become much larger discussions going to the office with rich. So you need that for your health. You need that for your future. But it's not a discussion that's happening. We have other priorities. As food, water, security. So as long as you can address food, water, security. Of course, you can have a bonus somewhere to discuss about the family planning. So this is not an actual discussion that we are having. But at least we do not have a big population growing compared to our neighbor, this Niger where they are going to have like 50% more just in 2050. And that when you think about how they are going to feed those peoples. How they are going to get them to school, to the health. So it's become a completely like the system development goal discussions. So that's why climate change. But we cannot cut only climate change without talking about the development, about security, about water, about all. So all the 15 goals of the system development need to be addressed in the same block to the developing countries. So when we address them in the same block, maybe by 2010 we can achieve some of them. I'm not confident that we are going to address them in 2010 but I'm confident if we address them all together but by making priority we need to address climate change as cross cutting issues through all our development. We cannot have the system of development if we do this cross cutting issues talking with the peoples and taking the solution from the ground, not coming with already designed mechanism but from ground. But the question is finally gender issues also because when we talk about population ground we talk about gender. So when we talk about the climate change and we have gender and then like it's a little bit separate. Let's talk about women in climate change. And like excuse me you cannot talk about women in climate change because it's interesting. Women is part of the solution human in past is part of the human system mostly impacting her kids. Where they grow up they are passing the traditional knowledge but also the education to how you can protect your water your trees. How is your relation as human being and your environment. So all cutting issues because it's become very naturally to integrate the human growing population into the climate protection or global environmental protection. Thank you. I think there are issues around the questions or working news comments there to finish this session. Sir, you know, thank you for that very very clear expression on some of the questions. I think maybe just finally on the question and you know what about the people who are unfortunately affected by vulnerability here in our society as well. I think you know Mary's intervention earlier really sets the framework the transition to a kind of just society has got to acknowledge and respond to the fact that people will have different needs in different times. In Malawi Valley for three years I see a former colleague who's a regional director for that region here. We worked on shock sensitive social protection social protection that responds to the risk of an emergency. Here in Ireland we need to look at social protection that responds to the needs of the climate just economy for society. We need to step back to take a bigger framework and not let things get in our way. Thank you.