 Thank you very much. First of all, can you all see me? Yes, can you all hear me? Yes, good. So Cloud Computing, why it matters. Quick introduction first. My name is Simon Wardley. I work on Cloud Computing strategy at Canonical and Canonical for those of you who don't know is the company that spots us and supports Ubuntu. Now before I start, quick word of warning. I'm a scientist by training, which means I like graphs. Now I've crossed a quick graph. This is a graph at the level of audience pain, that's you, against the number of slides given in a 20 minute presentation. Now I reckon there's a safe limit of around about 10 slides. Now seeing that I'm a scientist, I like to experiment. I'm going to be doing this with no less than 196 slides. I know what you're thinking, but don't worry if you do get a bit lost, this is a talk on Cloud Computing. Being lost is normal. So what is Cloud Computing? Well on the way here I asked the taxi driver in London and he said it's like computers on the internet in it. That's actually very, very good. So I asked the technology strategist and he said it's the future of technology and a disruptive shift of the computing stack to online services. Well that's just a posh way of saying it's like computers on the internet in it. So I asked the businessman and he said it's what the technology strategist said it was, but it's also about the provision of computing resources like electricity and getting rid of expensive costs like sys admins. So I asked the sys admin and he said it's like software as a service or SaaS and infrastructure provision and platform as a service that's pass and utility computing being provided on public clouds which is different from private clouds which are cloud computing unless of course you're talking about hybrid clouds which are cloud and it's high unlocking and did I mention infrastructure. So I looked at you and I found 67 definitions of cloud computing. Now once this doesn't help you if what you're trying to do is understand a field it does help me because I'm trying to pad out a presentation. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to look at those 67 definitions. Number one. On demand self service internet infrastructure where you pay as you go use what you need managed by a browser application API. The cloud computing market is broken up as a service including cloud application, cloud platform, cloud infrastructure, brackets, c cloud pyramid. So what's a cloud pyramid? Well it turns out it's another eight definitions and an entire argument over where the cloud is a triangle and if so which way does it point? Lost yet you will be definition number two. Now I'm not really going to go through 67 definitions with you now so don't worry but having done so I can tell you that there is no definition for cloud computing unless of course you're talking to a technology strategist in which case they'll normally define cloud computing as being their product. So I looked around for analogy. Why are we having such a problem with definition? I found an analogy and that analogy is this. What is industrial revolution? Well I asked my taxi driver and he said it's like mechanised horses in it. Again very good. I looked on Google and I found 43 definitions again. So let's have a look at them. Number one. Broad socioeconomic changes starting in the 18th century. I'll add number two. Rapid development of industry in the early 19th century. Okay we can't even agree on which century the industrial revolution was in. Once you've gone through the definitions you find that there's no absolute definition and this is 200 years later. Now at this rate by the time we understand what cloud computing is kittens will be online. Now the reason why there is such a problem with definition is cloud computing is simply not a thing. It's a transition. And this is at the heart of the problem so I want to go and have a look at the fundamentals of this using the example of the industrial revolution. So the industrial revolution was a time when we went from a spoke cottage industry to one of mass production. And that required a number of different factors. For example you needed the concept of mass production. You needed suitability of activities for mass production. You needed the technology to achieve this. And most of all you needed a change of attitude in society to accept these models. Now this is what caused the industrial revolution. And you can't define industrial revolution in terms of a product or in terms of a technology. Now the same is true with cloud computing because it's not just a technology it's actually a transition and transformation of that industry. And it's caused by multiple different factors. So this is why I'm going to start. And I'm going to start with concept first of all. Well the concept behind cloud computing is actually fairly old started back in 1968 with John McCarthy who predicted that in the future computing resources would be provided just like electricity. And this term was called utility computing. Now it's a great idea but where did it come from? Well to understand that you have to go back further and look at the electricity industry. So the electricity industry started off back in 1821 with the innovation of electricity on production. And it was brand new, it was hot, it was what we would call an innovation. And then over the years the number of spoke systems were created such as the Hippolyte Pixie. And then we started to have products being produced until we got to about the 1890s when Edison of Western House created the first utility bridge. Electricity had become much more of a commodity. It had become suitable for service provision. Then we had Harvey Hubbell created the plug and then by the 1930s we had things like the National Grid. So electricity provision had transformed from an innovation to something which was a kind of service. It had become ubiquitous. It had lost its spark.