 All right, the next four I'll just go ahead to read them all because they're all related to each other first one is What are the differences between a prophet and a seer are the roles similar or are they separate an ancient? Israelite religion is a role of seer more akin to tribal shamans such as finding lost items With the aid of divination thinking first Samuel 9 here and how are such terms linked with? Soothsayers and being an eeshaw Elohim man of God has the role of seer disappeared by the second temple period Well, let's take the the man of God One first man of God is a phrase That's used, you know, not not a lot in the Old Testament. I mean, it's it's not rare But it's used to refer to several different things It's used for instance of the angel of the Lord in judges 13 I mean Samson's parents see this individual and hear, you know What he has to say about, you know, the birth of their son and and they refer to him as each, you know Each Elohim each Elohim so there's man of God there, but that's pretty limited I mean, it's it's really when it gets applied to the angel of the Lord It's it's only in this passage and again, you can see why it would be because they can't they can't at least the first time around discern that this is anybody other than a Man and telling them what what God says and so It's it's not surprising we would get this label Secondly, it is used of named individuals that are spokespeople for God again who also received divine revelation Moses for instance Deuteronomy 33 1 Joshua 14 6 David is called, you know, man of God in 2nd Chronicles 8 14 and Nehemiah 12 24 Shamiah who we don't know much about this is gets this label in 1st Kings 12 22 Elijah, all right, Elisha 1st and 2nd Kings respectively So you can have a known figure called man of God and what's interesting is is other than David In that list those those people are also called prophets and that was part of the question Now V is prophet we'll get to that in a moment. So right away. We can see there's some overlap there And thirdly sometimes the phrase is used of an unidentified figure who speaks for God or again Who could receive divine information divine revelation and probably the textbook example of this is 1st Samuel 9 When a man, you know unidentified man of God, you know tells Saul about the donkeys and all this sort of thing So, you know, you know, what is a man of God? Well, it's somebody who you know was perceived as being God's spokesperson and could receive divine revelation divine information and May or may not be also called a now V. Okay a prophet So there there's some overlap their prophets as I've wrote an unseen realm and have commented elsewhere Prophets are people who speak for God now What what these other terms are going to get us into though is not so much the reception of divine Information, but the how is it through a vision? Is it through a dream? Is it an auditory voice? Is it a divine encounter? Is it casting lots or some other form of divination? That's where you get some of this other vocabulary that that sort of focuses attention on the how again How are they getting divine revelation? So the question? You know referenced a few of these terms, but I'll just hit a couple myself here We have kozah in Hebrew, which is from the verb kozah again to see or to have a vision Terms used a few times in tandem with row a which is from Ra to see so a seer Again is another term and now V of course, which is prophet. It's interesting in in first chronicles 2929 row a and Trying to think here, which is let me let me just click out to the verse because sometimes they overlap as synonyms and in other cases They it depends which one it is so first chronicles 2929. I think is worth bringing up It says this now the acts of King David from first to last are written in the chronicles of Samuel the seer That's row a and in the chronicles of Nathan the prophet That's Navi and the chronicles of Gad the seer and that is kozah So we have two seers here, but the terms are different row and kozah But they're obviously they're sort of used in tandem here and one of the seers Okay, Samuel of course is elsewhere called a prophet The terms don't completely overlap because Nathan is distinguished from Gad in other passages You have prophets and seers in some cases that Both of those labels can be attributed to one person and in other passages. They are kept separate One guy is a prophet the other guys the seer So it's kind of hard to know You know, it's kind of hard. Let me just put it this way It's kind of hard to be categorical and say this one couldn't be that one Just end toto because there is overlap But there are circumstances where perhaps one a person was perceived as one thing and not the other You know, it's just it's hard to tell if there's any real consistency here But there are there are patterns at least in the in the monarchy Narratives again what scholars would refer to as the Deuteronomistic history and you know what again just the the lay reader would You know refer to as the his you know historical texts historical books Samuel Kings Chronicles that sort of thing in those books prophet and seer are Frequently distinguished again Nathan and Gad would be an example. They're mentioned together in a verse But one is a prophet the others seer And I think you know what we have going on here in situations like that as prophets were of course oracles They did get divine information God spoke to them You know where the Lord came to you know such and such and said, you know, hey go over and talk to the king Okay, that that does happen but seers That terminology often has something to do with a with either a vision or a dream You know something like that So it's really kind of the mode of revelation that is being highlighted or distinguished Kind of a subset When we get to this other terminology and we're not saying that prophets couldn't have visions Okay, all we're saying is that while the navy could have a vision the prophet could have a vision when when the term seer Is used that's sort of what that person is known for that's how It to the community that it has become known that this person receives divine information It's through this this modus operandi that sort of thing one of the sub questions I think was about her seers akin to like shamans again the word or people who use Methods of divination again that there there seems to be a relationship there So that seems to be the case another term is Kasam or Kessam these are English translations would would be something like Medium or well, let's just go to let's just go to the one interesting example here because you have soothsay or divine or medium It's the English translations vary so much. So first Samuel 288 This is the medium at Endor passage which I've referenced a lot because of the Elohim reference here with the deceased Samuel But in verse 8 we have so Saul disguised himself and put on other garments and went he and two men with Him and they came to the woman by night and he he said divine for me by a spirit and bring up for me whoever I shall name to you so the The command there to divine is the Hebrew Lema Kasam So right away there there's this association of some methodology to solicit The other side and to get divine information Kasam is typically negative Here we have the medium at Endor and she's going to be a questionable figure a negative figure because of what she's doing You know communicating with spirits and whatnot Deuteronomy 1810 and verse 14 use this again for forbidden practices So Kasam is a term and a notion That would often be used to reference things that are forbidden or pagan methods of domination or whatnot Some scholars though have have speculated and there's no way to really nail this down that Kasam could mean to cut in pieces and That would be a reference to Creating objects of wood Whether they be lots that are cast or even arrows there There's an episode in one of the one of the I think Turner remember which one of the Kings book this is in but it's not coming to me right now Where the prophetic figure asked, you know, the king hey throw down some arrows here as a sign And so that that that sort of thing wooden objects that were used to cast lots in some way or or to Read in an in an oracular sense And we're not really scholars aren't really sure about that whether Kasam actually means that sort of thing or not But it is associated with again doing something to solicit divine information now for those who are interested in this I can't really you know, I can't post the book I mean I I did a paper on the Old Testament response to pagan divination Where I pointed out that some of these these divination methods that are condemned in Deuteronomy 18 are actually approved elsewhere of prophetic figures So the paper addresses why that is and it has to do with who's the source of the information Is it the true God or something else? It has some divine counsel implications in there so that's something I could put with this episode to post But there's actually a book if if those of you who have access to the divine counsel bibliography There's a book a whole book on divination by Anne Jeffers J E F F E R S That I found somewhere But the book is in PDF form and it's part of that that collection So you could you could go look that up? Of course, these aren't the only sources on on divination these these kinds of terms But I like Jeffers book because it's it's she has really succinct discussions on all the terms that are associated in any way with These sorts of individuals seers profits that sort of thing and also the terminology of divination It's really a nice nice work