 implications of nationalism, so in this session we are going to discuss the topic of implications of nationalism because nationalism affects every aspect of political conduct in a nation beginning with the very manner in which political reality is constructed and embedded in various institutions. So such nationalistic tendencies of population in a specific territory shapes their political systems and ideologies as socialist democracies in Soviet Union and China and then in liberal democracies like UK, US they try to manage their democracies. And even we can say that nationalism is basically the feeling which actually gives the civic sense to its members, to its people. And wherever the world is struggling for democracy, wherever the world is shouting for its rights, it basically makes the same sense that in some way the people who have their rights, their basic human rights, it becomes the same. Whether it is any form of government, whether it is any system, whether it is in China, whether it is in the UK or in the US, in liberal democracies, in the world, even that system which is authoritarian, which we still see in the world in different parts of the world, even there, in the feeling of nationalism, in the context of its implications, what we are going to evaluate is the feeling of nationalism, what it gives to people, it gives people a sense, it creates a sense of awareness in it and it meets a future of its own rights. So although in individualistic nationalism, popular sovereignty is aggregate liberty and free individuals everywhere when people demand something for themselves with their own individualistic approach, that is, if you and I are demanding something for ourselves in the system, from our political government, from our state, then it will be acceptable for the state or for the government if that feeling is a loss for someone else, that is, in the feeling of nationalism, if my demand is not a loss for anyone, then the government will do the effort to tackle it. But if such an effort will give the other group a loss, then obviously the state will not bother my demand. So we can say that the individualistic nations treat their members, nationals or citizens as equal specifically in their liberty, their capacity and right for self-government and political participation and therefore legal rights and obligations. So we can say that every political system based on the political structures, it treats its citizens equally. It tries to treat its citizens equally. It tries to treat its citizens equally. But what is important in that is that does the system have such a capacity that everyone should be satisfied with it? If the system's effort phase is to free some people or to free some people from it, then it becomes difficult at that stage to satisfy all the people for the state. These collectivist nations, they are equal only in that they equally share the essential nature of their nation. In some places, we also see that where in the system, there is this type of work, where the people are generally planning for their own problems. Similarly, the political participation of the people is treated based on their demands. That is, the collectively aggregated demands, the common demand system that will communicate, the system is planning or planning to deal with them collectively. So we can understand that the political systems, if we want to evaluate the base of the political participation, the implications of nationalism, then some systems cater more to individuals, but some systems evaluate people in the context of their extreme circumstances. And in the same way, the implications vary from system to system and on the basis of the capacity of the system.