 I will now leave the floor to Florent Andrillon, who is a global head of sustainability services at Capgemini Invent. The floor is yours. Thank you. If you can put my presentation. Actually, I'm happy because I'm fully aligned with what you say on climate and energy being two sides of the same coin, and we probably have a lot of that offside from the very recent time. And the race we are is clearly, we know race against time. Time is clearly the essence in which we need to move on. So I'll try to give an overview of what we send and do that quickly, because a lot of have already been been said. The context of this transition is that we are moving from crisis to crisis. That's it has been said we are in a poly crisis world and we had a COVID pandemic two years ago, which turns it which transform into a drop of GDP and energy demand. And for the first time, a reduction of GIG emission. And then the rebound, which translated as well into a price and increasing price of energy. So the government started to, at least in Europe, try to protect their consumer. And then we are now in the crisis driven by the war of Ukraine. And while the beginning of the year was a positive in GDP, we see that we are probably entering in more trouble time for next year. And GIG emission will probably not decrease this year, but continue to increase this slide is a bit wrong. That's not the right version, but whatever I'll do with that one. And in the meantime, and I think it was said very, very rightly by the UN Secretary General during the last COP, we are on a high weight well. And we have our foot on the accelerator. I think that positioned the matter very, very well. We see that even though everybody is talking in the cops and are agreeing on carbon emission that we need to reduce, actually we are not because we are not considering this side of the coin anymore. We are rushing into the energy crisis, the energy safety in Europe. So we clearly are not on the wrong path. And all the commitments show that. And what we need to do again, it's a matter of time, is to get up to speed on climate change in all its dimension. My friend Ellen Clarkson from the Climate Group put it saying our biggest threat is climate delayism, putting climate topics further away on the road and focusing on energy safety. Well, what we probably would need to do is what we successfully, what the world successfully did during COVID, which is the operation war speed. How do we put all our energy on climate change and on deployment of the technology, which are already there and on the accelerating the innovation of technology, which exists all around the world, including low tech, because low tech is also a good way and you get innovation is probably something also which we should dig into more to save the energy and reduce our energy consumption. And just one word because why do we focus a lot on carbon emission and net zero goals? We forget planetary boundaries. You said it right. We are on the same planet and we focus a lot on carbon, while we should also focus on all the other dimension of what was widely put by the institute and the planetary boundaries, including social justice. So COP15 started very recently this weekend. And hopefully we will move from focus only on carbon to focus on the other dimension. So very quickly, what happened is that suddenly the threat of lack of power led us to a panic in Europe, at least, due to the increase of prices and led us to behaviors, which are probably a very egoist, I'd say, of the different government. And even in Europe, we see that it's becoming a very complex topic in terms of governance. What also has probably changed a bit is that the overturn window for those of you who are familiar with that concept has probably shifted a bit and is leaving a bit more acceptance on the term which was in the past not accepted, which is sobriety, at least in some countries, not everywhere. And energy sobriety is suddenly becoming something that is at least accepted to be discussed, which was not the case. So how do we suddenly move on to saying we need to save energy and not increase energy? So it's not only energy efficiency, because energy efficiency is continued to do more with less. It's preserving energy, which is a different topic. So this slide is also linked to what Thierry de Montbriel said in this introduction, which is we have to be a very realistic in the short term, but keeping being idealistic in the medium and long term. In the short term, we saw that buying as much energy as possible was what was done, but not enough is done on or probably starting again on nuclear power discussion. Don't close the nuclear power plants. And I know that's an element of debate in many countries, especially in Germany and in Belgium. But energy conservation, there is also a lot of measure who have been pushed in several countries. We probably need to do much more of that. And in the middle term, clearly accelerate the deployment of renewable, but also diversification of older supplies and the energy mix and implementing an electricity market reform. There has been some start and it needs clearly a global governance. But in a longer term, what we need to do is also accelerating innovation. I agree with what has been said. We know that a lot of the technologies that will be needed to reduce our global emissions are not yet ready for implementation or not fully industrialized. So we should not focus only on solar and wind. There's many more technologies that are there available and on which we should invest. And nuclear is clearly part of the picture. All of this has to be done considering that access to energy needs to be affordable and possible for everybody, not just in Europe, but globally. So energy access is clearly a topic that needs to be considered while working on energy transition and the fact against climate change. In the previous session, there was also a big discussion about the supply of raw material. I'll come back to that a bit later. Very quickly on that, I'm sure you've seen the latest IE report which was published yesterday or two days before and which updated forecasts say that in the next five years, the world will add more renewable power than in the past 20 years and they've updated that because of the increase, the surge in renewable power that was added due to the quinoa. So we're not there yet. We're not on the right path to reach the net zero scenario, but it's improving. And that's true not only in Europe, but clearly as well in India and in China and the US are also picking up. Electrification is an energy efficiency and the new, what I said, the new kids on the block and electrification clearly is being pushed as a model for the new economy. And that's probably also difficulty because it needs the need for new electric capacity. So energy efficiency. There is also a strong increase, as you can see on this chart, in energy efficiency measure, especially in building insulation. It's useless to put a heat pump in a house if you didn't do the home insulation work first. And the nuclear relations, we mentioned it as well. There will be a six new nuclear plant next year, a lot in the East. And Europe needs to have open its eyes on the reality of the energy mix. I'll skip that one. I won't say much more about material because I think it was rightly put by especially Mr. Shalman in the previous session about the fact that the energy transition must be looked not with the naive eyes, but considering the need of materials for this transition. So we should be careful of not creating new dependencies and probably as well, Europe needs to reopen its eyes on the not in my backyard policy. We cannot ask the other ones to do what we don't want us ourselves to do. So if we need lithium, if we need nickel, if we need cobalt, let's be honest to ourselves and not tell our friends of Africa, of India, Asia, whatever, or South America to do it for us. So there's probably some ethics to put back in the game there. Green hydrogen is on all the lips. As you know, it's very trendy. There's a lot of money out there. It won't probably reach the level which is required to decarbonize the economy, which is the 15%. We are not on that path. One of the reasons being the lack of green electricity available. So that means that large of green electricity will need to be imported from other regions. So the geopolitics will have to change a bit because clearly some region will be in a new position of exporting energy in the form of through the hydrogen carrier, Latin America, for instance, Australia and Asia and also Africa. So the geopolitics of energy might change a bit due to the emergence of green hydrogen. But we are not there yet and there is also some technology hurdles to move this hydrogen around the world. Climate change mitigation will depend on technology but not also, but not only, also on large effort by corporations and citizens, meaning that there is a lot of technology out there. The electricity mix will be done using several technologies and you need significant effort on R&D, but you also need significant effort in training people for to display this new technology and also to explain to the politicians that those technology are available and that they need some support, not only financial support, but also capability support and political support. Some are sometimes struck by norms that can be changed very easily while we focus a lot on solar and wind. There's much more out there. So very, very quickly to conclude in recent years and we've been saying that for quite a while in Capgemini, energy supply, energy safety has been neglected and this led to be relying mostly on gas network from external. So clearly we have a hard wake-up call. Energy sobriety is a critical and immediate measure for Europe at least to avoid disruption in supply, not only relying on the other ones. Call, clearly there is a wake-up call on call, which also drives a new technology on which the US at least are investing a lot, which is a carbon capture and utilization and not only storage and it would be key to eliminate CO2. It's very easy to tell all the countries to get rid of their CO2 plant, but you all know that those CO2 plants have lifetime over 30, 50 years and they won't disappear overnight and all the countries who are relying on call do not have enough resources to overnight invest in new clean energy, new nuclear plants. So CCUS will be required for the Eastern Europe country, but also for Asia. We point fingers to China who is heading a lot of coal-fired plants, but they need a diverse mix and probably CCUS would be also considered in the equation. Clearly we have to be realistic and the energy crisis will probably delay the reduction of GIG emission. We saw that this year GIG emission in 2022 are back to where they went in 2019, so a stronger increase, but in the in the medium term carbon free energy will also be dependent on more domestic resources. Maybe one last word which was not mentioned in the previous discussion, it's circularity. I strongly believe that circularity is also a lever that is insufficiently used and explored, and which is also a way to solve part of the equation. We discussed earlier about the lack of material that we will probably face, but we don't explore at all or not sufficiently circularity as a lever to reuse and reinject in the economy the materials that we need to support the energy transition. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Very interesting presentation. I would like to make three comments on your presentation and then launch a discussion and to build on what Mr. Taneja just said. First of all you mentioned energy efficiency. I've been recently on mission in Central Asia and when we are talking about energy efficiency we have to mention subsidized. When energy is subsidized it's very difficult to have prices that reflect the real market, so that's a very important topic that we have to tackle in the north as well. The second point is green hydrogen. Some projects are linked with Africa for example that we will have solar farms and then come back to Europe for green hydrogen. I'm afraid it could increase a gap as you mentioned between south and north and this is a topic that we have to tackle and to discuss again because it's a bit contrary and the last point you just mentioned circularity. If we talk about green hydrogen that is produced partly in Africa and then back to Europe it's not circularity at all. So all these topics are on the table and I would be very happy to hear some questions or comments on that. Yes please. So I would like to highlight a challenge which for me is very important. It's a challenge of flexibility of the electricity system. In fact the demand of electricity will grow due to the increase of population but also due to the fact that the share of electricity in the energy mix will increase and there is a consensus on that fact. On the side of supply there is a reduction of the dispatchable capacity. It's a case in the OECD countries but it's also the case worldwide and there is clearly an increase of renewable energy but it is intermittent and so this is creating a clear challenge of the flexibility of the security of the energy of the electricity sector and this has been clearly highlighted by the IEA in a recent report I think two years ago on the World Energy Oak Brook which was showing that this challenge of flexibility of electricity sector is a challenge worldwide in OECD countries but also in non-OECD countries including for example China, India or Africa and I think it's a very very important problem because it's very difficult to store electricity. Thank you Olivier. I see two no yeah okay Hervé Mariton. First a formal remark on the fact that Florian compared the situation in energy with the Covid crisis asking for a warp speed reaction. There's a real danger in using the notion of urgency in the same way about different crises I mean we had answers concerning the Covid crisis that actually challenged our democratic model and I think it would be great danger to have this same understanding of urgency as to the energy and climate crisis because if we answer with the same word and concept on any challenge we have then it's our whole democratic model which is at stake. The second formal in a way remark with a bit of a delay to our Indian friend to our German friend sorry is that the self-criticism you expressed probably would have not have been the same if Germany had not closed its nuclear plants to Florian again and indeed after your remark Valérie. Florian insisted on the affordability of the necessity of affordability to energy and you underlined the point about subsidies and there might be a contradiction between affordability and subsidy and as the economist Christian Gaulier always emphasizes the energy transition has its cost and somebody's got to pay for it and it ends up at the consumer I mean it's not cows that pay taxes on milk. The last point is on hydrogen and also the movement of industry and activity you were stating that the IRA and the competitiveness of the energy supply in the States could have its impact on industry but actually the development of renewable energies in the South could itself have its impact. I've read some analysis that said that the first step is presently indeed maybe a movement from Europe to the States but once there is an important development of energy production particularly solar production the South you may have this electricity being conveyed through hydrogen to Europe but you might also have a movement of industry from Europe to the South and this is a point that's got to be analyzed and the last thing is I read that yesterday an agreement had been obtained between France and Spain has to a pipe a gas pipe and I also heard an analysis found interesting particularly in this period and the fact that France might then resemble and it might have been some of the difficulties in negotiating this agreement that France would not wish to resemble a new Ukraine with a large flow of hydrogen coming from the South Africa through Spain and then through France to Germany maybe. Thank you Mr. Chalma. Yeah just a question because I'm not a technician as Olivier Parth said electricity for the moment we don't know how to store it apart from using mountain dams and as I understand the idea of storing electricity through hydrogen is not efficient enough and when I heard about the future of hydrogen my friends at EDF Electricité de France tell me that you need to have a constant source of power to produce efficiently hydrogen so my idea is that you could produce hydrogen to store intermittent energy seems not to be valid and also Hervé Mariton said that we would build hydro pipelines I've heard that it wasn't up and that you're more an engineer than I am but I heard in chemistry that the hydrogen molecule was so thin that it was pretty difficult to develop so those two for the moment and for how long do you think the idea of storing power will be almost impossible and all what I heard about hydrogen and so on is it real stuff or mere illusion at least for the 10 years to come but I'm not a scientist so so please you have the floor so I would like to bring some answers because I dealt with hydrogen I'm Franklin servant driver by the way for transmutex so I was working with a boat that had 500 square meters of solar power and we had to have batteries in order to sustain the boat when there was no sun and so we had eight tons of batteries which lasted for one and a half days of power on the boat so we installed hydrogen and the hydrogen tank the storage I think is solved okay but it took 30 days to fill 200 kilos of hydrogen but 200 kilos of hydrogen lasted six days compared to eight tons of batteries for one and a half days so yes hydrogen is the future in many ways it's not such a long future I think it's pretty much like the RNA vaccines I think if we hurry up we can make it happen there are some amazing technologies coming out of of some research in argon labs in Australia about mixing hydrogen with diesels and we would need to retrofit the diesel engine without replacing them and this would reduce CO2 by 80% so you know those are really very important but the one thing about hydrogen is you need a lot of water and people forget that you need a lot of water you need 18 tons of fresh water to make one ton of hydrogen and if you use salt water which is most of the case in Saudi Arabia the hydrogen hub in Saudi Arabia or in Africa then you reduce that efficiency by 50% in energy so hydrogen is the future but the future is probably in the northern latitudes and in the Andes where we don't have agriculture where water is not in competition with agriculture thanks absolutely right thank you so much