 Background attributable fraction, AF, is a measure of how much of an individual's anemia is caused by a specific factor. It is commonly used to identify the underlying causes of anemia and determine which intervention would be most effective at reducing it. This study compared three different approaches for calculating AF Leven's formula, Klein-Minorten and Zhang Yu, and found that they produce similar results when applied to survey data from 10 countries. The authors also found that unadjusted AF estimates were significantly higher than adjusted AF estimates, suggesting that adjustments should be made before using these estimates to inform policy decisions.