 Yn ddweud hynny, dyma'n gwneud ei fod yn seud yn meddwl, na fydd yw'r ddweud... ...gylai ti hynny fel y dyma'n gwneud patheticwydol i'w bai'r clerwyddo. Yn ddweud hynny, jednaki rwy'n ei ddweud ar hyd yn ddiolch yn cyffredinol. Yn cynnig i chi. Mae Hysbeth Llyfrach yn ddechrau i apteithio fel y gallu gwneud... ...yna ymddai'n bwysig, dwi'n ffrwng gwaterfodol. that sheffers, as many countries we have, to try and give a picture of what's going on in the world of intellectual property. I would to make just a few very brief comments which would be numbers in China's Asia... i'w meddwl am ddydd cyfnodd a mynd i'w meddwl i'w meddwl ar yr oedodd yn lly mwyn y dyfodol. Mae'r rydyn ni'n meddwl ar gweithfyrdd fel y dyfodol, a'r rydyn ni i wneud y rhoi rydyn ni ar y rydyn ni wedi'r parityng oed is that we see them in GDP at the national level or at the world level for the most part in respect of intellectual property. So again, it's a message that's consistent with the one that we're seeing in previous years. This is the fifth successive year of growth, and by the way I should have said, we're talking about 2014, because we need to collect all the statistics and then to process them. .. Borough of the economy and the arrival of the knowledge economy. Specifically, patent farming grew worldwide by 4.5% in 2014 up to 2.68 million. ac yn mynd i gyfnodol, mae'r pan-farnwyr maen nhw'n 4.5% yn 2014, a'r 2.68. Dwi'n gweithio'r ysgolwyr, oherwydd eich cwestiynau'r ddweud yn eich cyflwyno ar gyfer y cyflwyno yw'r cymhwyllt yma. Alwch chi'n gweithio'r cyllid yma yng nghymru, gallwch chi ddweud y clywed o'r ddweud o'r cyllid yma, cwm yw'r cyllid o'r cyllid o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r cofnidol yn y samadol. Felly, yn y gweithio'r cyllid, gallwch chi'n gweithio ar y ddweud o'r cofnidol o'r ddweud o'r cofnidol o'r cyllid o'r ddweud o'r cofnidol. y gallwn gwahanol y gallwn gwahanol, ac mae'n gweithio ar hyn a'r dyma'r berthynat yn ysgrifnegol, mae'r cyfle o'r cyffredinol yn y cyffredinol, ac mae'n gweithio'r cyffredinol yn 2014 o'r 7.45 miliwn. Cymru ychydigiaeth o'r ddysgu I'm only going to make reference to one other. I'm not going to deal with utility models, but if you want to talk about those, fine. But plant varieties, plant variety protection I think is worth a mention. It's only a reasonably small number, about 15,600 worldwide, but it grew by 3.3% in 2014. So that's so much for numbers. Then if I may make, as I said, a comment on China, well, it's really quite extraordinary as we have discussed repeatedly over the last several years, but it is quite extraordinary the numbers coming out of China. So it's the largest patent filing office, so if you look at the numbers received by any patent office in the world, the largest number is received by China. And it's approaching 1 million. It's 928,000, which is extraordinary. You drop them to the U.S., the United States Patent and Trademark Office, which is 580,000 in round figures, 578,000. And then to Japan, which is 325,000 in round figures. So quite extraordinary. Now when you look at the total number of applications that an office received, of course they receive them from residents, you know, nationals if you like, and they receive them from foreigners. And when you look at residents where Chinese nationals or enterprises are filing worldwide, you also see that they're the largest number of filers worldwide. Not only does the office receive the largest number, but Chinese nationals and enterprises file the largest number worldwide. So they filed about 837,000 patent applications worldwide. And again that compares to residents of the U.S. filing about 500,000 and Japan about 465,000. So this is quite extraordinary itself. You go to trademarks, you get a similar story, with China being the largest office again on class counts, you know, everything in Spain, 2.2 million. And the next is the U.S. 471,000. So these numbers are quite eloquent really, quite extraordinary. And then the third is the European Office, the Ohiomus it's called, the European Trademark Office around about 331,000. So, and then again taking the angle of where a Chinese enterprise is filing worldwide, we see that China has overtaken Germany now as the largest origin of filing activity worldwide in the area of trademarks. So it's quite an extraordinary story and just to complete it on industrial designs, similar although a 14.4% decline in applications in China, but nevertheless it leads the field and in plant varieties it is second to the European Union Community Plant Variety Office. So that's a story in itself I think. So good numbers, better than other sectors of economic activity, let's say. China is assuming a position of predominance numerically and we're talking about numbers here. Now as far as Asia more generally is concerned, of course a big explanation for Asia more generally is China. It's the dominant figure, let's say. Nevertheless what we do see is that Asia now accounts for the bulk of IP filing activity worldwide. It's the largest IP filing region in the world if you like, the largest IP producer in the world. So Asia's total share or share of world total is now 60% for patents, 52% for trademarks and 67% for designs. So this is a change that has occurred, a rather dramatic change that has occurred in the course of the last 10 to 20 years and with respect to Asia it's in numbers of course dominated by China, Japan and the Republic of Korea in particular. But we do see, and that would be my third point, that we do see some greater take up in the use of the intellectual property system worldwide by middle income countries with some quite strong performances. Of course this is mainly in the trademark era but not exclusively. Let me give you a couple of examples. I think Iran stands out as one example where we see that from Iran 18.5% increase in patent applications and in trademarks. Where are they? Can you help me out? They don't feature so much but designs I think. Yes, an 83% increase in design applications. So that's quite interesting I think. India is also recording some interesting numbers. 15% increase in trademarks. 9% nearly 10% increase in designs. So that's I think another interesting development. Oh yes, I've covered Asia and I've covered other middle income. So I'll leave my comments at that point but we're happy to take any questions, particularly my colleagues. Can you explain a bit more about the industrial design decline? Why is that happening? Good question. Karsten, do you have a show? Well I have a statistical answer but not a full explanation. The statistical answer is China. You saw a rapid decline in industrial design activity in China so they had a negative growth or they had a decline of 14.4%. And because China accounts for such a large share of the global figures such a sharp decline in China translates into negative growth at the global level, I would say that for most of the other major offices the growth performance has been mixed. Some offices seem growth, some offices seem declines but the reason we saw a decline globally is entirely due to China. Although you could add that there is a decline in a couple of other countries for design activity so Australia minus nearly 5%, Japan minus nearly 5%, Turkey minus nearly 5%. But Karsten's explanation is the predominant one. But is there an explanation for why? No, it's a good question and an interesting one because on the one hand you see designs becoming a more important feature of innovation everywhere. And one would expect from that that you would get more firing activity. And on the other hand I suppose we have to consider also things like the length of the product life cycle, the appropriateness of design protection as it is generally. I think many countries have considered this question. Is this the best way to protect designs in industry and in innovation? What are the other ways? Well there are no other ways. The only other way is to rely on your lead advantage but you risk being copied. It really would require an in depth study and survey I'd say of industry to get to the bottom of this one. Because let's take fashion and I'm speaking anecdotally here but in fashion or in automobile a successful design is something they really want to protect. And the same would be true of some of the features of smartphones, technology and so forth. But in other areas the number of emulators might be reduced or might not be significant. It's an interesting question. I can't give an answer without lengthy analysis I would say. I agree and I think it would be wrong to speculate on what's going on. We did see in 2013 there was pretty much zero growth as far as I remember it. So that in some sense you weren't entirely surprised not to see growth maybe a bit surprised to see a fall of 14.4%. But I think what's really driving that I don't think it would be appropriate to speculate. Hi, I'm Jamie from Associated Press. I assume that the use of the great wall of China is something that is not trademarked because you are allowed to do that. I think for you for your nice little graphic here. Just about China I mean obviously we've seen this increase but what does it say about China more probably? There's been a lot of sort of stereotype about China. How does this debunk the sort of myth about China? Well look I think the most you can say about the numbers is that it demonstrates a massive body into the intellectual property system on China. You know they are the number one users of it in the world. So that's a very significant thing. Now beyond that when you come to consider the whole relationship of China to intellectual property it's a more complex story than that. But everything we see coming out of the policy pronouncements of the leadership indicates an endorsement of the use of intellectual property. So strategically of course innovation features extremely prominently in the economic policy and the whole as is said movement from made in China to created in China. So strategically the Chinese authorities are placing an enormous amount of importance on the establishment of value addition across the economy and on innovation. There also the second largest in absolute terms investors in research and development in the world. So this is an area that China is taking extremely seriously. Can I just follow up on that? Is it safe to assume that not all patents are made alike or equal? I mean in other words a quantity does not necessarily translate into quality and is this pushed by the Chinese government maybe just window dressing in a way. Is there any way to sort of qualify the concrete importance of those numbers? Well they are numerical indicators. The fact is we don't have an accepted metric for quality. So it says misleading to make a positive statement in favour of numbers standing for quality as it is to make a negative statement that they don't stand for quality because we don't know at the end of the day here at this stage. And you can explore the metric question and many people are and many economists are working on it but it's quite difficult. And in a sense I would say if we had a good metric you wouldn't need a venture capital industry. We don't know that's one of the features of innovation at the outset. So we can just notice the numerical thing. We can notice also the strategic importance. I don't think that you can place such strategic importance on the transformation of industry across the country as window dressing personally I would say. It's too important. I guess maybe I should just make a little bit of a fair understanding of what you mean. What evidence do you have that this is just patent applications for the sake of patent applications? Well I think in any system you get a distortion in the use of the system depending on the available incentives. So there are incentives in China as elsewhere by the way which would encourage patent applications. They might be subsidisation of the fees for filing. They may be rewards that researchers get but these exist in every country. I wouldn't single out China in this respect. It's part of a strategy of trying to secure competitive advantage through innovation. So I don't think we could single it out in any way in this regard. Yes sir. You flagged the patent applications this year. I think you explained that the patent applications are significant. And also I see China's tops there once again but Ukraine's second. Is there any reason for this to do with the international agricultural negotiations? No. I signalled it mainly because it's usually forgotten. And I do think it's quite an important area. Because we do face a challenge in the world in relation to agriculture. First a challenge of feeding a growing population. It's going to be 9 or 10 billion by 2050. And that will require increases in agriculture productivity. And second a challenge of adaptation in relation to climate change. So what are the available innovation possibilities for agriculture? And one of them is, which has been used for thousands of years, new plant varieties. And new plant varieties increase yield in the agricultural area. They have other applications like ornamentals. But they increase yield in grains and in fruits. They introduce new varieties, new diversity in the marketplace. Take apples and look at the varieties that are available these days, for example. So it's an important area and it's a very accessible area. So if you look at who's leading, well Netherlands, which is the flower basket of Europe of course, is number one. But you see very important activity in a number of other countries. For example Kenya, Tanzania, Tanzania, Ethiopia and the cut file markets, Colombia. So it's an accessible and very useful form of innovation I think. It's not the only innovation in agriculture. Of course you've got machinery and genetic engineering amongst other things. So it comes into the patent system as well. I'm going back to China, or just more broadly. Do you break down the origin of patent applications from between private and public sector? I mean, is there, I mean, maybe that distinction isn't relevant in China or as relevant. I mean, what I'm trying to get at with that is, if presumably private sector apps would be more attuned to customer design. I don't have any other desires, whereas maybe a state player would have some different interests. I wouldn't make that assumption necessarily in an economy which is still dominated by state-owned enterprises. And which seems to be having success in the market. So I wouldn't necessarily make that assumption, but I don't think we have the breakdown. We don't have the breakdown public versus private, privately owned company. Not here, but in some other contexts, and I'm happy to point you to these figures. We do publish figures on patent findings by universities and public research organisations. We did that for example for selected areas of technologies, nanotechnology, 3D printing, robotics. In our World Intellectual Property Report. And there indeed what you found in the case of China was that the chair of universities and public research organisations was higher compared to other countries. But in the case of companies, for example the two biggest Chinese filers under the Patent Corporation Treaty system, ZTE Technologies, which is a state-owned enterprise, and Huawei Technologies, which I understand is a private enterprise. So it's not obvious whether that tells you something of your own issue.