 The paper examined the environmental performance of different components of a district heating system, including pipes, trenches, heat carriers, valves, and pumps. The authors found that the main impact source was the pipe system, followed by trenches for most impact categories. They also highlighted the importance of choosing the right type of pipe, which could reduce emissions by up to 80%. This article was authored by Mahatvachas, Jacopo Famiglietti, Kevin Ottoletano, and others.