 Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar IAS Academy. Displayed are the list of news articles selected for today's analysis and their page numbers in Chennai, Delhi, Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Thiruvananthapuram editions of the newspaper. The link for the handwritten notes and the time stamping of the news articles are provided in the description box and the time stamping is also provided in the comment section for the benefit of mobile phone viewers. Now let us move on to the analysis of first news article. This news article is with respect to bilateral relations between India and Bangladesh. They are talking about the update process in the state of Assam in the National Register of Citizens. See we know that the National Register of Citizens is a register containing the names of Indian citizens that was prepared after the conduct of 1951 census. This register was prepared based on the direction from the Union Home Ministry. This register has covered each and every person enumerated during the census of 1951. Since 1951, the updation of NRC is done only for the state of Assam. So why for the state of Assam? See way back since 1940s, since partition. Assam has been witnessing immigration of illegal immigrants particularly from Bangladesh. This influx of illegal immigrants has accentuated or aggravated during March 1971 particularly after the operation Searchlight carried out by Pakistani army in the then territory of East Pakistan. This operation was launched on 25th March 1971. So since that date it is understood that a large scale illegal immigration has took place particularly in Assam. This is one of the reason why 24th March 1971 has been kept as the cut off date for inclusion in the update process in the state of Assam for NRC. That is any person who has entered the state of Assam till 24th March 1971 can be included in NRC. However way back in those time in 1970s it is found that many illegal immigrants have made sure that their name entered into the electoral roles many other authentic government records. This was identified by the indigenous inhabitants in the state of Assam or the genuine Indian citizens and they protested. And this protest gained shape in the form of anti-foreigner movement or Assam Andolan which started in 1979 and which finally culminated in signing of Assam Accord on the Independence Day in 1985. So on the basis of Assam Accord, on the basis of certain provisions of Citizenship Act we found that the update process in the state of Assam was carried out since 2015 and it recently culminated on August 31, 2019 with the publication of final updated NRC. So the update of this NRC process was to identify the genuine Indian citizens and to detect the illegal immigrants who have entered the state on or after 25th March 1971 from other countries thus to check illegal immigration and to protect the social, cultural, economic and political rights of genuine Indian citizens in Assam. So this process of updating NRC was started in the year 2015 based on the Supreme Court orders in the year 2013 and initially they invited applications around 3.29 crore applicants were there and finally in August 31, 2019 this year they have released the final list of updated NRC. In that final list the names of around 19 lakh people were excluded. So there are various questions about what can India do about these illegal migrants, illegal immigrants. See central government has the power to deport a foreign national under the ambit of Foreigners Act of 1946. That is under section 3 subsection 2 class C. So these powers to identify and to deport illegally staying foreign nationals has also been delegated to state governments, union territory administrations and also to Bureau of Immigration under the Foreigners Act of 1946. We have to note that there is no specific treaty or arrangement or agreement between India and Bangladesh regarding repatriation of Bangladeshi citizens who have illegally entered into India. So normally how the illegal immigrants are deported, see the details of the suspected illegal migrants who are apprehended by the government these information will be sent to relevant or respective foreign missions or foreign embassies. After the verification of nationality of the suspected illegal migrant, the respective foreign missions will issue travel documents for them. Then they will be deported to their country of origin. So here we can understand one thing that the cooperation of a particular foreign embassy or embassy of the particular foreign country is required for deportation. According to government of India during 2013 to 2017 more than 7000 illegal immigrants were deported to the country of Bangladesh alone. But now the number is 19 lakhs or 1.9 million. So this is the new bone of contention between India and Bangladesh. There have been reports that Bangladesh has been saying that it is not going to acknowledge that this many persons have reached India from Bangladesh. That is Bangladesh has not accepted that the excluded people in the NRC exercise are of Bangladeshi origin. So the issue has the potential to deteriorate or decline the bilateral relations between India and Bangladesh and during the recent visit of Bangladesh Prime Minister she has expressed her concern over this matter. News article mentions that the Prime Minister of India has assured that this NRC is a long drawn process or multi-face supreme court mandated legal process that is happening in India. And he has also assured that this will not have any impact on the relationship between two countries. The Prime Minister and the external affairs minister of India they are saying that NRC is in its early stages. However we know that the final updated NRC was published. They are saying it is also a court mandated process and is an internal matter of India at least for now. So the news article mentions that according to certain authorities in India once the NRC process is completed Bangladesh will study the cases of Bangladeshi origin of illegal migrants. If the claims are verified they would be taken back to Bangladesh. So it is considered as a positive assurance from Bangladesh to mitigate the gravity of the issue. So according to few who say that NRC process is not yet completed. That means they are referring to the appeal process that is available to those who are excluded in the NRC exercise. They will appeal to foreigners tribunal and they can also appeal to high courts and then in supreme court. But the statements from Bangladesh is that the claims of illegal immigrants will be verified individually. In that case it will take many years to verify the claims of around 19 lakh people who are excluded from the final updated list. So till those years it means that they will have to stay in the detention centers that are to be constructed in our country. Note that at least till that time these persons or actually stateless persons because neither India nor Bangladesh is going to accept them at least till their claims are verified. So they will not be able to enjoy any political rights that is they will not be able to vote or contest in an election. They will not be able to earn for livelihood because they will be detained in the detention centers. And it is also generally understood that both the governments will be least interested to look into their basic rights. As a result this has potential to lead to a humanitarian crisis. Now let's come back to the news article. The author says that during the meeting the leaders also discussed agreements on energy, water, coastal surveillance and also a series of measures to improve trade infrastructure between the countries. And one special information is that Bangladesh leader has also suggested special economic zones in Bangladesh where Indian companies could invest. There is also mention of using the land and labour from Bangladesh to produce for the Indian market. The goods produced in these special economic zones or the goods produced using the Bangladesh land can be exported back to India without paying any export duty to Bangladesh. If this materializes that will be a very important part in the trade relations of India and Bangladesh. The other important topics that were discussed were regional measures such as Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal road connectivity and Bhutan, India, Bangladesh regional energy supply arrangement. Where the Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal arrangement is with respect to passenger vehicle movement in the region in these countries. And as a result landmark motor vehicles agreement was signed by the transport ministers in these countries in June 2015. And the Bhutan, India, Bangladesh arrangement is with respect to energy. With this we come to the end of the analysis of this news article. Now let us move on to next article. This editorial article is about Citizenship Amendment Bill. The author mentions that this bill undercuts key constitutional values. That is this bill undermines or weakens important constitutional values. This editorial has two parts. In the first part of editorial the author tries to establish the fact that the genuine objective of this bill is to exclude one particular religion from the protection that is offered to some other religion. In the second part of editorial the author states that this bill is closely linked to the implementation of national register of citizens that is planned to be conducted nationwide. And then the author says that how the bill is in violation to constitution and also in violation to some other issues. The syllabus relevant to the analysis of this news article has been highlighted here for your reference. First let us see with respect to Citizenship Amendment Bill. During the first tenure of National Democratic Alliance the Citizenship Amendment Bill was introduced in Lokshaba in 2016. This bill was called as Citizenship Amendment Bill 2016. It was later referred to a joint parliamentary committee. This committee submitted its report on 7th of January 2019 to the parliament. Therefore they brought a bill of 2019. This bill is called as the Citizenship Amendment Bill of 2019. This bill was passed by Lokshaba in January 2019. However it was pending in Rajesh Shabba and because of the dissolution of 16th Lokshaba this bill lapsed. So we are calling it as Citizenship Amendment Bill. So it sought to amend the Citizenship Act of 1955. One of the major amendments proposed by this bill was those persons who came to India from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan and who were belonging to minority communities such as Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians in these countries. And they should not be treated as illegal immigrants. It means that the persons from Islamic community from these countries they will be treated as illegal migrants. The author of this editorial has also highlighted the words of Union Home Minister, uttered in West Bengal with respect to implementing a nationwide national register of citizens. The Union Home Minister has told that he wished to assure that the refugees belonging to Hindu, Sikh, Jain, Buddhist and Christian religions they will not be forced to leave India by the central government. If at all an exercise of national register of citizens happens all across the country. Though people were having some angry reaction with respect to the statements made by Home Minister that he has left one religious community from his statement that is the Muslim community. We should note that whatever mentioned by the Home Minister are the provisions in the Citizenship Amendment Bill that was passed in Lokshaba in January 2019. So why the bill was not passed in Rajesh Shaba even though it was passed in Lokshaba in January 2019? This is mainly because of widespread protests in the northeast Indian states. We also know that the Citizenship Amendment Bill was considered to be in violation of the Assam Accord signed between the central government, state government and all Assam student union way back on the Independence Day in 1985. So the request made by the all Assam student union is that when you are saying a particular person as legal immigrant you should not discriminate on the basis of religion. So the demand of all Assam student union was that any person who came from Bangladesh or other foreign country on or after 25th March of 1971 irrespective of the religion has to be declared as illegal immigrant. So we know that now the bill is lapsed because at presently we are having 17th Lokshaba and the union home minister has made it clear that the new government will reintroduce and will pass the bill in the coming parliamentary sessions. So this is the one major amendment that was proposed by the Citizenship Amendment Bill. Now let us see the other proposed amendment in the bill that was with respect to the precondition for naturalization. See there are 5 ways of acquiring Indian citizenship by an individual as per the Citizenship Act of 1955. One is citizenship by birth, then citizenship by descent, then citizenship by registration and then the citizenship by naturalization and the final one is citizenship by incorporation of territory. For our today's analysis with respect to the context of this news article let us focus on citizenship by naturalization. See according to Citizenship Act 1955 there are certain conditions based on which an individual could qualify to acquire citizenship based on naturalization process. These qualifications are mentioned in third schedule under this Citizenship Act of 1955. Let us see two important qualifications among the overall set of qualifications. One is that preceding the date of application for acquiring Indian citizenship through naturalization. The applicant has to be either resided in India or been in the service of Government of India throughout for a period of 12 months immediately preceding the date of application. This is one qualification. Another qualification deals with a time period that precedes this period of 12 month that precedes the date of application. During a total period of 14 years that immediately precedes this 12 months the applicant has to be either resided in India or been in the service of Government of India for an aggregate period of not less than 11 years. Now the reason why we are discussing about these qualifications in the third schedule of the Act is that the Citizenship Amendment Bill sought to reduce 11 years aggregate qualification out of 14 years into 6 year qualification for these persons who have come from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh to acquire citizenship by naturalization. So these are the two major amendments proposed in the Citizenship Amendment Bill. There are also some provisions with respect to overseas citizenship of India and there are also statements that they can be withdrawn the benefits provided they violate any of the provisions of a notified law. Earlier this was not the case. There were some serious offenses for which they can be terminated the benefits. The author tells in simple language that this Citizenship Amendment Bill simply does two things. One is that the bill protects or shields a set of individuals from being declared as illegal immigrants or illegal migrants. That means this bill seeks to protect them from either detention or deportation. When we say detention it means keeping them in custody. Deportation means act of sending back a foreigner back to the country where he was from. So we can say the other thing with respect to this bill is that it aims to create a fast track method of acquiring citizenship for the individuals from these countries by reducing the period of acquiring citizenship by reducing the period of naturalization to 6 years compared to 7 years as given in the Act. The author mentions 12 years in the article. This is because he has added the 12 months preceding the date of application along with the aggregate 11 years required under the third schedule. So the actual problem is that it has excluded the Muslim immigrants from protection or from the ambit of this bill. Now let us see the second part of the editorial. The author tells that this bill is closely linked to the planned nationwide implementation of national register of citizens. So if such an exercise is carried out, therefore there will be two categories of individuals who will be excluded from this national register. One category will be predominantly Muslims. They will be deemed as illegal immigrants or illegal migrants. In the other category, we could see individuals belonging to religions other than Muslim religion. These are the religions that are mentioned in the Citizenship Amendment Bill. If this bill becomes a law after being passed by parliament and after receiving the assent of the president, then the category of individuals belonging to religions other than Muslims belonging to other than Islam, they will be protected by this bill. They can show that their country of origin, that is, if they can show that they are from Afghanistan, Bangladesh or Pakistan. So there is discrimination based on religion. Therefore, the author is telling that this bill seeks to enshrine religious discrimination into a law, which is against India's long-standing secular constitutional ethos or values that treat all religions equally. Here the author tells that neither the bill nor the government directly admits that it is targeting Muslims. If you see the statement of objects and reasons in the text of the bill, they are referring to minority communities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan. The logic is that these three countries are mostly majority nations. Therefore, minority communities may be subjected to persecution because of their religion, because of their faith. Therefore, these minority communities from these countries may require refuge in India. That is the reason why they have come up with the Citizenship Amendment Bill. But the author is telling that even this logic that they have mentioned in statements of objects and reasons is flawed or is wrong. He has given three reasons to prove why this logic or why this statement of reasons is wrong. See, if the objective is protection of minorities, then they should have definitely protected people belonging to Jewish community and they should have definitely protected atheists belonging to these countries. But neither Jews nor atheists are included in the list of religions mentioned in the bill as minority communities. In these countries, there could be certain communities within the Islamic religion who may be treated as minorities and may be undergoing persecution even though these countries are mostly majority nations. For example, Ahmadis sect or Ahmadis community in Pakistan, they are subjected to serious persecution. There are some communities in Pakistan who don't consider that these people are actually Muslims. There are certain reports. They say that Ahmadis are reform oriented persons. They sought to reform certain evil practices in the religion. As a result, they are considered as people who are heretics. That is those people who do not adhere to the religious standards being enforced by the majority. Even this community has been left out in the amendment bill. Then the author talks about the irrationality behind including minorities only from three countries, whereas we could see a prolonged persecution, ethnic cleansing and a genocide happening in Myanmar with respect to the Muslim minority community called as Rohingyas. While the Government of India is having a welcoming move with respect to the minority communities from these three countries, it has argued before the Supreme Court for the deportation of Rohingyas. Therefore, the author is telling that the protection of minorities is not the genuine objective of this citizenship amendment bill. Therefore, this citizenship amendment bill is about religious discrimination, which is a practice actually in violation to the constitution of India. There are certain set of people who may say that one cannot say that citizenship amendment bill violates Article 15 of Indian Constitution because Article 15 states that the state shall not discriminate on the grounds of religion. But if you clearly read, it states that the state shall not discriminate against its citizens on the grounds of religion. Therefore, this section of people, they are saying that the bill cannot be actually violating Article 15 because Article 15 is applicable only for Indian citizens not to illegal immigrants. That means they can be. Indian citizens cannot be discriminated on the grounds of religion, whereas others can be discriminated. But the author mentions that they have to understand that there is Article 14 that is right to equality. It states that the state shall not deny to any person equality before law or equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. So discrimination based on religion within the Ambit of Citizenship Amendment bill actually violates Article 14 of Indian Constitution because Article 14 is applicable not only for Indian citizens but also for others. So this is how the bill violates the Constitution. There are certain other issues that are raised by this bill. One is that this bill seeks to alter or change the basis of citizenship in India in the framing of Indian Constitution or before the Citizenship Act of 1955. The primary basis of Indian citizenship would be just solely. Just solely means right of the soil, citizenship by birth in the territory of India, in the soil of India. But this basis was according to the author diluted or expanded with respect to acquiring citizenship by dissent or by registration, by naturalization after the Citizenship Act 1955 came into force. But if the Citizenship Amendment bill in the text and format as given in the 2019 bill is to become a law then it will be the first time that religion or ethnicity will be made the basis of citizenship. The author is telling that this would do grave damage to the very idea of India because India is considered as a country with inclusive and diverse polity that is many religions peacefully coexist in our country. So religion has no bearing on who can become a citizen in our country or who can become full member of the Indian society. As we saw already this bill is also closely linked with plans for a nationwide national register of citizens. As explicitly mentioned by Union Home Minister, this bill is required to protect non-Muslims who are excluded from the national register of citizens. So in all ways we can see that Muslims will be religiously discriminated especially if this bill becomes an act and if it gets linked with NRC process in the future. Then the author is finally questioning what is the necessity for a national register of citizens nationwide across all states. Home Minister states that this is required for national security and that India has to function smoothly. For that purpose there should not be intruders or illegal immigrants. But the author is mentioning that there is no evidence to prove that there are so many illegal immigrants or there is huge influx of illegal immigrants in India except the state of Assam. We know that with respect to Assam the problem of illegal immigration particularly from Bangladesh has been seen since 1940s itself. So in all other areas other than Assam NRC is not at all required. But even in the NRC update process in the state of Assam we could see a lot of errors and mistakes have happened with respect to registration, verification, publication etc. So if a similar kind of exercise is to be implemented across India it would lead to lot of problems at the national level and there will not be any reason for the government to justify its actions. This is because if at all someone is to be excluded from such a register that may be because of errors and not may be because they are actually a illegal immigrant. So the author is mentioning that this religiously discriminatory citizenship amendment bill and the nationwide NRC proposal will present serious challenges to the fundamental constitutional values of India. Therefore these exercises both the bill and the nationwide NRC plan must be urgently challenged at three levels. One at the level of civil society by having popular movements that is people movements and then in the domain of parliament that is by elected representatives and thirdly these proposals has to be challenged before the sentinels that are charged with guarding our fundamental rights that is the judiciary or the courts. So this is with respect to the analysis of this editorial article. Now let us move on to the analysis of next article. This news article talks about information fusion center Indian Ocean region. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article has been highlighted here for a reference. The article mentions that India has started sharing maritime data. In this context we will discuss this center in three dimensions such as why it was established, what is the fundamental objective and also the ministry associated with it. So this information fusion center is for Indian Ocean region. So in this context let's see the importance of Indian Ocean region. If you see the figure this Indian Ocean region is geographically bounded by Asian continent in the north and Africa in the west and in the east it is bounded by Australia and south it is bounded by Antarctic Ocean or the Southern Ocean. Here we have note one thing the region below 60 degree south latitude. This region is not part of Indian Ocean rather it is part of Antarctic Ocean which is also called as Southern Ocean. We saw the extent of Indian Ocean which is one of the reasons why this region is playing very important role in the world. This region is also noted for the presence of important traits with respect to world trade and also with respect to global oil trade routes. Indian Ocean region is enabling or helping more than 75% of the world's sea trade or maritime trade and 50% of global oil consumption passes through it. The region is also having certain challenges such as maritime terrorism, piracy, human trafficking, drug trafficking, thefts and other major issues. These are major threats in Indian Ocean region therefore this region has to be ensured the safety and security which are prerequisites for realizing the full potential of this Indian Ocean region. So many countries are using this region many countries are having their own maritime activities. As a result it makes difficult for countries to address the challenges that are posed individually. Therefore it requires a partnership or a collaborative effort to deal with maritime issues effectively and efficiently. In this context the idea of establishing information sharing centers got into picture in the Indian Ocean region. This information fusion center Indian Ocean region was established on 22nd December 2018 at Gurugram. This center will be jointly administered by Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard under Ministry of Defense. The vision is to strengthen maritime security in Indian Ocean region and beyond Indian Ocean region. This information center will act as a maritime information hub for the Indian Ocean region and beyond and thereby credible steps and actions can be taken against the illegal activities. It is to be noted that this center also collaborates with other centers administered by the authorities in various other countries for ensuring maritime security for effective coordination. Therefore this information center is set up to achieve the vision of government of India in Indian Ocean region that is security and growth for all in the region. And with respect to Indian Ocean region the national security advisor has stated that India aspires to be a major contributor to maritime safety in Indian Ocean region with active cooperation of all countries. Rather than the neighbors duplicating such an arrangement he has asked for cooperation. This is in the context of reports that Bangladesh and Sri Lanka are considering to set up similar information fusion centers under their own administrations. The news article mentions that so far Indian Ocean littoral countries such as Maldives, Mauritius, Sri Lanka and Seychelles and the article mentions that Bangladesh is set to join the network and there are diplomatic arrangements with Thailand so as to join this Indian initiative. With this we come to the end of the analysis of this news article. Now let us move on to next article. This news article talks about a drifting or a moving observatory for studying the climate of Arctic region. This observatory is called as the multidisciplinary drifting observatory for the study of Arctic climate. Shortly called as Mosaic. According to the article of around 300 scientists who are participating in this expedition there is only one Indian scientist. Now let us see this expedition. The purpose is to study the Arctic climate. They are saying that this is the first expedition which is of the largest scale and which will be also the first expedition to study the Arctic climate in the core area of Arctic for a time duration of one year. The mission duration is from September 2019 to September 2020. They are saying that this is the second drift expedition to the Arctic. After the first drift expedition was carried out almost some 126 years ago. At that time it was done by a Norwegian researcher and explorer whose name is Fridjof Nansen. At that time he used a wooden sailing ship which is called as Fram for the expedition. See this largest expedition into the core area of Arctic is expected will be taking a modern research vessel which is also an ice breaker. This research vessel will have scientific instruments so as to carry out experiments in the northern polar region during winter. An ice breaker is the ship that is designed to navigate or move around through ice coated waters or ice covered waters. So we all know that the Arctic Ocean or the Arctic region will be ice covered in the winter and therefore this mission is heavily relying on an ice breaker research vessel. The vessel that is being in use is the German research vessel named as Polar's Turn. So why they are calling this expedition as a drifting expedition? As we saw already this mission is for a period of one year. But during winter the north pole or the region surrounding the north pole will be covered by ice. So therefore this will make the pole inaccessible to the researchers. However the research vessel will be locked into a large sea ice sheet which is called as flow. By placing the vessel in a suitable flow the research vessel will drift along with the ice sheet even during winter thereby making the pole accessible. That is why they are calling the mission as a drifting mission. Now let us see the objectives. Overall we can say to study the Arctic climate. But there are specific goals such as to take the closest look ever at the Arctic by gathering data about sea ice, atmosphere, ocean, biogeochemistry and the ecosystem in the Arctic. The mission will have a closer look at the impact of global warming and climate change in the Arctic. So the data that will be collected or gathered will be used by scientists across the globe for the purpose of research on the subject of climate. Using the data that will be gathered by this expedition they will be able to develop a climate model for the Arctic region as the region is currently suffering from global warming and melting of ice. The findings from this expedition will also help to make a better forecasting of Arctic ice and the Arctic weather. And the mission will also help to understand the regional effects and the global effects because of the climate change in Arctic and also because of melting Arctic ice. So end of the day the mission will be highly helpful in developing sustainable development policies for the Arctic. Therefore such policies are expected to help the communities living in and around the Arctic region so that they can mitigate the climate change and also adapt to the climate change. We have to know that researchers from around 19 countries are leading in this mission. With respect to the countries that are participating in this expedition we should note that India is not a participating country. Though the news article mentions about one Indian who is participating in this expedition. This research is led by the Alfred Wegner Institute which is in Germany. This institute is known for polar and marine research. We saw that the research vessel that is used for this expedition is a vessel named as Polar's Turn. This vessel this ship will be surrounded by regional network of observational sites. This observational sites will be near the ship where there will be experiments or measurements that will be carried out or the research objectives that will be carried out. So along with the flow the ship and the observation sites will drift through and the network of observational sites will have radar sensors. The news article mentions that Indian researcher will work on deploying the radar sensors on the sea ice surface to measure the thickness and the variations in the thickness of ice. This research vessel will be assisted by German research aircrafts and other research and ice breakers from partnering countries in this expedition. This will help in refuelling, ensuring supplies, life supplies even to tackle emergency situations. The news article mentions that Indian researcher will not see direct sunlight for few months. So what does this mean? See it means that sunlight does not reach beyond Arctic Circle in winter. See when we say Arctic Circle it refers to the 66.5 degree north latitude and Arctic region is simply we can say that part of Earth in northern hemisphere above the Arctic Circle. So sunlight does not reach beyond Arctic Circle in winter. See this image it is because of the tilt in Earth's axis as the Earth rotates around the Sun its North Pole is positioned away from the Sun during the winter months in northern hemisphere. We know that when it is winter in northern hemisphere it is summer in southern hemisphere and when we say winter in northern hemisphere in the context of this article particularly with respect to Arctic Circle we are referring to the months of December, January and February. So this is the reason why the whole of Arctic region will not receive direct sunlight during winter months in northern hemisphere. So these are some of the information with respect to the Mosaic expedition on the central Arctic region. With this we come to the end of the analysis of this news article. Now let us move on to next article. This news article talks about the operational challenges faced by one of the national institutions that function under the ministry of Ayush. The article is about Northeastern Institute of Folk Medicine. The syllabus that can be relevant for the analysis and that can be linked to this analysis has been highlighted here for your reference. See this Northeastern Institute of Folk Medicine is located in Pasigat in Arunachal Pradesh. See Pasigat is the headquarters of East Siyang district in Arunachal Pradesh. It is located on the banks of Siyang river. We know that river Brahmabutra takes the name Siyang in certain sections or certain lengths in the state of Arunachal Pradesh. In China it is known as Sangpo river. This Northeastern Institute of Folk Medicine is an autonomous institute under ministry of Ayush. This institute was established to strengthen and to develop the traditional health practices of the Northeastern region. The institute is expected to create an interface among medical practitioners of traditional folk medicine and research institutions to enable proper understanding of the folk medicine. The article mentions that this institute is the eastern most national institute of India. However, this institute is now struggling to operate because of certain challenges. With respect to the establishment of this institute know that the approval has been given way back in 2008. However, this institute started its operations in 2014-15 though it was officially set up in 2016-17. Two issues are mentioned here in the news article. One is lack of proper and timely recruitment of required staffs. News article tells that in 2016 recruitment for about 22 sanctioned posts began but as of 2018 only four posts have been filled. So the problem is that with the creation of certain infrastructure however due to lack of recruitment certain infrastructure are lying being unused. One another issue with respect to this institute is that when the land was acquired or when the land was given by the landowners to set this institute. It was informed to them that people of the region will be given considerable employment opportunity or livelihood opportunity as a result of the institute. But now the institute has decided to reduce the present strength of contractual workers almost by 50%. So with this we can note that if such an issue happens it can set a bad precedent for the general public in other regions of India. Because they may not agree to the terms and conditions of government when there is a requirement for the government to acquire land from them. So at the end we can see poor governance leading to underutilization of the infrastructure and the resources. Now let's see in brief about Ayush. See the term Ayush stands for Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homiopathy. See these are all traditional systems of medicines that are in practice in India. These systems also include Sovarikpa which is the Tibetan system of medicine. This is also called as AMCHI. Know that this Sovarikpa or AMCHI was officially recognized as Indian system of medicine way back in 2010. This was done by amending the Indian Medicine Central Council Act of 1970. The Ministry of Ayush is a recent one as it was formed only in November 2014 to propagate the Ayush system of healthcare. There are 11 national institutes under the Ministry of Ayush. We can find four institutes exclusively for Ayurveda. One is located in Jaipur, then one in Gujarat, two institutes in New Delhi and one institute for Yoga and one for Naturopathy, one for Unani, one for Siddha, one for Homiopathy, one for Ayurveda and Homiopathy, one for traditional folk medicine practices that are followed in Northeast India. It is this institute of folk medicine which is located in Fasigat, Arunachal Pradesh. Of the 11 institutes, only two institutes have the regional affiliation in their names. These are institutions from northeastern region. One is the institute that we have discussed in the news article and the another one is Northeastern Institute of Ayurveda and Homiopathy in Shilang of Meghalaya state. These are some of the information with respect to the analysis of this news article. Now let us move on to the next article. We have come to the last session, the practice questions discussion. This question is with reference to the qualifications that are required for an individual to acquire citizenship by naturalization. They have given three statements and are asking which of those statements are correct. First statement, the individual has to be either resided in India or been in the service of a government in India or partly the one and partly the other throughout the period of 12 months immediately preceding the date of the application. This statement is correct. Even we saw this statement during the analysis from the third schedule of Citizenship Act of 1955. Second statement, during the 14 years immediately preceding the above mentioned period of 12 months he has either resided in India or been in the service of a government in India or partly the one and partly the other for periods amounting in the aggregate to not less than 11 years. Now this statement is also correct. The third statement for the persons belonging to minority communities namely Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan. The aggregate period of residence or service of a government in India shall not be less than 6 years. Now this third statement is incorrect or wrong. This is because it is not one of the provision under this act as of now. Though it has been proposed in the past by way of Citizenship Amendment Bill 2019, maybe in future when a similar amendment bill is passed in parliament and receives the assent of precedent, this provision may become correct. So as of now the correct answer for this question is option B, one and two only. Now there are some more important qualifications for naturalization process that the person should be of good character, that the person should have adequate knowledge of at least one language that is specified in the eight schedule to the Indian Constitution and that if he is a citizen of any other country at present, he should undertake to renounce that citizenship of that country in the event of the acceptance of his application for Indian citizenship. Now let us move on to next question. Now this question is with reference to Information Fusion Center Indian Ocean Region. They have given three statements and are asking which of the above statements are correct by selecting the correct answer using the codes given below. First statement, it is established with the vision of strengthening maritime security in the Indian Ocean region and beyond. Now this statement is correct. This center aims to improve security by acting as a maritime information hub for this region. It also collaborates with similarly working centers of other countries. Now the second statement, therefore the first statement is correct. Now the second statement, it works under Ministry of Defence Government of India. Now this statement is correct. During the analysis we saw that this information center will be jointly administered by Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard under the Ministry of Defence. Now the third statement, the oceanic region beyond 60 degrees southern latitude is also part of Indian Ocean region. Now this statement is incorrect. This is because the region beyond 60 degrees southern latitude is part of Antarctic Ocean, not Indian Ocean. And we saw that the Indian Ocean region is geographically bounded by Asia and the North, Africa and West, Australia and East and Antarctic Ocean in the south. Therefore the third statement is incorrect here. So you can eliminate option B, option C, option D and therefore only option A is correct. This question is with reference to multidisciplinary drifting observatory for the study of Arctic climate. They have given two statements and are asking which of the above statements are correct. First statement, it aims to explore the Arctic climate system only during summer. Now this statement is incorrect. This is because this Mosaic expedition has started from September 2019, aims to be for a period of one year till September 2020. So it even explores the Arctic climate during winter months in the northern hemisphere. So the first statement is incorrect. Second statement, India is a participating country in this mission. This statement is wrong because according to the Mosaic expedition, there are 19 partner countries and India is not one among them. However, China is one of the expedition partners. So this means both the statements are incorrect. Therefore the correct answer for this question is option D, neither one nor two. Now this question is with respect to traditional medicinal practices that comes under Ayush system of healthcare. The Ministry of Ayush was formed on November 2014 by Government of India to ensure optimal development and propagation of Ayush systems of healthcare. Which of the following traditional medicinal practices comes under Ayush system of healthcare? Ayurveda, Sauvarygpa, Naturopathy, Yunani, Allopathy. So during analysis we saw that Ayurveda, Sauvarygpa, Naturopathy, Yunani, these come under this Ayush system of healthcare. In addition to yoga, homeopathy and Siddha. But Allopathy is not one of the traditional medicinal practices that comes under this system of healthcare. Allopathy is a medicinal practice that uses chemical formulations such as drugs to treat the symptoms and diseases. So here the correct answer for this question is option C, one, two, three and four. Once you can eliminate Allopathy, you can eliminate options A, option B, you can eliminate option A, B and D. Because it has five Allopathy in it. So the correct answer for this question is option C, one, two, three and four only. Now this is the main question coming under GS2. The proposed Citizenship Amendment Bill is against the provisions of Indian constitution critically analyzed. Today we discussed two major proposals of this Citizenship Amendment Bill that was introduced in Lokshaba in January 2019. One among them is protecting the persons belonging to minority communities that is Hindu, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians from three countries. Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan from the tag of illegal immigrants or illegal migrants. That is they will not be treated as illegal migrants provided they were able to prove that their country of origin is Afghanistan, Bangladesh or Pakistan. And then the next method is fast tracking of citizenship procedure so that these persons if they are to acquire Indian citizenship by naturalization, they are to reside in India for a period of just six years out of the 14 years that precedes the 12 months preceding the date of application for Indian citizenship. Note that these are proposals but during the analysis we saw that these proposals are against article 14 of Indian constitution, the right to equality. This is because the Citizenship Amendment Bill excludes protection of minorities from Myanmar. Here we are referring to Rohingyas and minorities from Pakistan. For example, Ahmadiyya Islamic said and it also excludes the category of migrants who are Muslims from these countries. So therefore we can say there is religious discrimination. Therefore it affects or violates article 14 of Indian constitution. It sets a new basis for Indian citizenship based on religion. And you can say that it also violates the secular ideal of Indian constitution as enshrined in the preamble of Indian constitution. And you can also say under article 51 of Indian constitution if you see it states that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all people of India transcending religious diversities. So when the state itself has asked the citizen to carry out this duty the state cannot be a bad model in implementing itself with respect to such an ideal of promoting communal harmony. So therefore the proposed steps are actually in violation to this provisions of Indian constitution. So these are some of the points you can take note of if you want to take this side of the story. However if you are a person supporting the stand of the government of India you can say that these measures are required for strengthening the national security according to the words of the home minister. And you can also say the statement of object and reasons as mentioned in the citizenship amendment bill that we have to provide refuge to the minority religious communities in the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan. So you can give your arguments with enough justification. With this we come to the end of today's the Hindu news analysis. If you like the video click the like button, share, comment and subscribe to Shankarai's academy YouTube channel for more updates and content on civil service exam preparation.