 Dear students, in this module we are going to talk about two different aspects of socialization process the primary and secondary. Primary socialization refers to the initial process of socialization which typically occurs during childhood within the family unit. So, it is a it produces a kind of basic structure or the foundation for building blocks of socialization which becomes or which is available in the later parts of life. And secondary socialization refers to the later stages of socialization which typically occurs outside of the family unit. When a child is born, he definitely socializes his family first. The most important thing is to teach him how to speak, to eat, to drink, to walk. All these things are taught in your family institution. As the child grows up, the rest of the institutions start taking part in his socialization. For example, there is an external word. The child makes his peer group, makes his friendship circle. Along with that, he comes to his peer group. Then, when he starts going to school, the education process in the school, the teachers or his fellow beings also take part in his socialization process. Along with that, when it is seen in today's world, the child is connected to the media on a very early stage because of modern technology. So, media plays an important role in his socialization. Secondary and secondary socializing agents mix up in today's world. We cannot say exclusively that only family is a primary socializing agent. Because unconsciously, when the child's media or social media is contacted, there is no such thing as only absorbing it for entertainment purposes. In fact, a lot of things or a lot of skills are learning from it. It is questionable whether this learning will be considered a positive socialization or a negative socialization. In Pakistan, primary socialization is often influenced by the family and religious traditions. While the secondary socialization is increasingly shaped by the exposure to technology and global media. As the child grows older, the media exposure increases, the technological exposure increases, as well as the secondary socialization. But primarily speaking, a foundational agent of socialization is considered. Particularly in traditional societies, it is your family institution and the religious ideology that is present in the child is inculcated. The study of primary and secondary socialization is important for understanding the different ways in which culture norms and values are transmitted and reinforced. The central focus of socialization is to teach the child the basic norms and values which can help him to move on in his future life. Socialization influences our sense of self, our attitudes and our behaviors. The way you think about yourself, that who you are, has a fundamental role in your primary socialization. Later on, as you grow older, as your peer group becomes your central focus, that how you appear to others, your looks, how you look, what you think about others, what your opinions are, all these things start to matter to you. So, socialization can reinforce the social inequalities and perpetuate discrimination and prejudice. So, when you go from a primary socializing agent to a secondary socialization process, it is usually that your frustrations and prejudices and discriminations increase because when you start to see yourself in a larger context, those things start to affect your self. So, in a nutshell, these two are very interesting and very important processes of socialization which are important to be understood by the sociologists.