 I welcome you all to the Hindu News Paper Analysis brought to you by the Shankara A.S. Academy. Today's date is 22nd November 2023. Here are the list of news articles which we are going to discuss now. Let's get into discussion. Look at this beautiful image of a one-horned rhino grazing in the Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary. Today, in our discussion, let us see some problems related facts about one-horned rhino and Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary. Firstly, let us take up one-horned rhinos. See, the greater one-horned rhino or Indian rhino is the largest of the rhino species. It is found only in the Indian subcontinent. Know that once it was widespread across the entire northern part of Indian subcontinent. But sadly, the rhino population has gone down considerably. This is because they were hunted for sport or they were killed as agricultural pests. This pushed the species very close to extinction and by the start of 20th century, only 200 wild greater one-horned rhinos were remained. See, the recovery of the greater one-horned rhino is among the greatest conservation success story of Asia. Thanks to this protection and management from both Indian and Nepalese wildlife authorities, the greater one-horned rhino was brought back from the brink of extinction. Today's population have increased to around 3,700 rhinos in the North-Eastern India and the Tharai Grace lands of Nepal. See, this is about the basics of rhino. Let us see the characteristics of one-horned rhino. The greater one-horned rhino is identified by a single black horn which is about 8 to 25 inches long and a grey brown held with skin folds. See, this gives rhino an armor plated appearance. See, the species is mostly solitary in nature but there are also instants of adult rhinos grazing together. Let us see the food habits of rhino. See, they primarily graze with a diet which is consisting of almost entirely of grasses as well as leaves, fruits and aquatic plants. Know that the preferred habitat of one-horned rhino is alluvial flood paints and the areas containing tall grasslands along the foothills of Himalayas. Earlier, the rhino population was found distributed in the Gangetic Plains but today the species is restricted to the small habitats in the Indo-Napal-Tarai region and Northern West Bengal and Assam. See, in India, rhinos are mostly found in the Kasiranga National Park, Pobitura Wildlife Sanctuary, Vorang National Park, Manas National Park in Assam. In West Bengal, they are found in the Jaldapara National Park and Gurumora National Park. In Uttar Pradesh, they are found in Dudwara Tiger Reserve. Now, let us see the threat of rhinos. Some of the threat for rhinos include habitat loss, agricultural expansion, human settlements and poaching. Asian rhinos mainly survive in isolated areas in a small population so they were at greater risk from inbreeding, natural disaster and disease. An important point to be noted here is that IUCN status of one-horned rhino is vulnerable. Know that it is also protected under Appendix 1 of the sites. It is also listed in Shuddle 1 of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972. This is all regarding the one-horned rhinos. Moving forward, let us take up Pobitura Wildlife Sanctuary. See, the Pobitura Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the suburbs of Gauhati Assam. It is located in the flood plains of Brahmabudra river. The sanctuary consists of Rajamayong Reserve Forest and Pobitura Reserve Forest. Know that 3B 4th of the wildlife sanctuary is covered by wet grasslands which supports a wide variety of species. One of the important animals found in this wildlife sanctuary is greater one-horned rhino. Actually, this sanctuary has the highest density of rhinos in the world. Know that 102 rhino species are living in a 38.8 square kilometre area. Due to this high density, the government has taken efforts to translocate the rhinos to other areas where there is low density. See, Pobitura Wildlife Sanctuary also has the second highest rhino concentration. That is the second largest population of rhinos in the state of Assam. This is second only after Kasi Rangan National Park Assam. So, Pobitura is sometimes referred as Mini Kasi Rangan. Some of the other significant fauna that you can find in this wildlife sanctuary are fishing cat, feral buffaloes, Chinese pangolins, and peasant-tailed jakwana which is a bird that is all regarding this discussion. In this discussion, we saw about the one-horned rhinos, the characteristics of one-horned rhinos and in the second part, we saw about the Pobitura Wildlife Sanctuary. See, with this learned points, let us conclude this discussion and let us take up the next news article for our analysis. Look at this editorial article. This article is speaking about the concerns surrounding local reservation in private sector jobs. Recently, the Punjab and Haryana High Court quashed the Haryana State Employment of Local Candidates Act 2020. See, this act was aimed at providing 75% of the reservation to Haryana State Domiciles in the private sector jobs. While quashing this act, the High Court held that this act was violative of the right to equality under Article 14 and right to freedom under Article 19 of the Constitution. The Court further opined that the Haryana's reservation was against the right of the citizens of the rest of the country. The Court also argued that the Act was imposing unreasonable restrictions on the workers' right to move freely throughout India and the Court also observed that these types of reservations will encourage other states to come up with the similar restrictions. Ultimately, this will create artificial walls throughout India. By quoting this concern, Punjab and Haryana High Court quashed the Reservation Act which was brought up by the Haryana government. This editorial article provides us some insights regarding the challenges in providing local reservation in the private sector jobs. The article also suggests some measures to protect workers' rights. See, this is the crux of the article. Now in the discussion, we will analyse the pros and cons associated with providing local reservation in private sector jobs. We will approach this discussion through mains answer writing approach. First, let's look at the question. The question is, what's the rationale behind the implementation of a job quota for locals in the private sector? Moreover, explain the challenges associated with such policies. See, this question is given for 15 marker and we have to answer it within 250 words. Let us see the syllabus which is befitting this question. This question can be asked in the GS paper 1 under the syllabus topic of social empowerment, communalism, regionalism and secularism. It can also be asked in the GS paper 2 under the topic of government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. See, this is the syllabus. Now come back to question. See, this question is a simple and straightforward question. Firstly, we have to write points favouring the implementation of job quota for locals in the private sector. Secondly, we have to write the challenges in implementing such quotas in the private sector. And note that in conclusion part, we can provide some steps to safeguard the workers rights. This is how we are going to answer this question. Let us start with the introduction. Since the question is about the local reservation of jobs in the private sector, in the intro part, we will explain why there is a need for such reservation policies. In India, we are having country-wide reservation for central government jobs. On the other hand, states are also empowered to provide reservation in the state government jobs. But in the private sector, there is no such reservation policies. So any citizen from any state can work in a private job in any other Indian states. This sometimes ends up in a job shortage for the local people. This factor had contributed to bringing in the concept of reservation in private sector jobs. Various states like Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and so on have also enacted the reservation policies to their state people in private jobs. These policies are immediate offering private jobs to those who belong to the states. The state government's main aim is to address the local job shortages and to satisfy their democratic electorates. This is the introduction part. Now moving on to the body part of the answer. In the body part, first we will understand the idea behind the implementation of job quota. See, there are many reasons. We will see them one by one. Firstly, providing local reservation in private job will help to address the local unemployment issues. Know that allowing all the people in India to apply for the private job in any state deprives the job chances of the local people. So providing local reservation will help the local people to get employment in their private sector jobs. This intent will help to address poverty and it empowers the local youths. Secondly, providing local reservation will help to boost the local economy. See, most of the people who yearn in other states tend to divert their earnings back to their home state. So the yearned money can be spent in the home state rather than the yearned state. This enhances the economy of the home state. Know that it empowers the home state at the cost of other states. So by providing local reservation the local people will get more employment and they use their earnings in their state itself. This will enhance the local economy of the state. Thirdly, local reservation can increase the employee's productivity. See, local reservation allows the people to work in their states. So the combined effects of familiar language surrounding environment and reduced cost will tell them to satisfy the employee to the most. So this will help to increase their productivity. And fourthly, the local reservation helps to address the problem of migration and congestion in cities. Mostly, people from various states use it to migrate to big metro cities in order to get jobs. This is because of the huge competition for private jobs in their own states. This factor increases the congestion in cities. So local reservation will help to address the problem of migration and congestion of cities. These are the main ideas behind the implementation of a job quota for locals in the private sector. Now moving on to the second part of the body. See, in the second part, we will understand the challenges in implementing a job quota in the private sector. Firstly, local reservation in private jobs deprives the fundamental rights which are guaranteed under Article 14. See, Article 14 provides for equality before law or equal protection of law within the territory of India. This means the central or state government should treat everyone equal before law. See, providing local reservation accords favour to one particular people at the cost of others. This affects the fundamental rights under Article 14. Secondly, the local reservation policies discourages the businesses from making investment. Local reservation deprives the businesses to employ skilled and quality people from other states. This factor discourages the company to invest in states that having the local reservation policies. Thirdly, the local reservation policy affects the unity and integrity of Indian people. Local reservation policies wind up the gap between local and non-local people. It will even discourage brotherhood feelings among the Indians. So in the long term, these policies will defeat the fundamental Indian principle of unity in diversity. And finally, these policies will act as a roadblock to labour reforms. See, Indian government is pushing labour reforms to ease the working conditions of the Indians who are working in various states. So pushing the local reservation hinders the progress of labour reforms. See, these are some of the challenges in implementing job quota in the private sector. Having completed the body pod, let us move on to the conclusion. See, India is a democratic country and it has the set of fundamental principles. Some of the rights guaranteed under Article 19 empowers the Indian citizen to carry out profession in any part of India. So the state government should need to uphold the unity of Indian citizen rather than affecting it. The state government can create suitable policies or scheme to reduce the income inequalities and unemployment rather than providing local reservations. The state governments can also carry out large scale skill development practices to increase the capability of the local peoples. This will equip the local people to meet the criteria and the skills which are required for the businesses. See, in this way, you can give an apt conclusion for this answer. See, this is the model conclusion which we have given. If you have any alternative conclusion, feel free to write and post it in our comment section. See, with this learned points, let us conclude this discussion and let us take up the next news article for our analysis. Look at this news article. It talks about a report published by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development or OECD. The report found that the developed countries fell short of their promise to jointly mobilize $100 billion a year. Know that this fund was aimed towards climate mitigation and adaptation needs of the developing countries. We should know the basic to understand it better. See, in COP-15 also known as Paris Summit the developed countries promised that it would raise $100 billion a year fund for mitigation and adaptation needs of the developing countries. They promised that this will be mobilized within the year of 2020. But this report noted that this promise was not kept by the developed countries. This is the crux of the article. In our news analysis, let us see about OECD from our problem's perspective. First of all, what is Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development or OECD? See, OECD is an inter-governmental economic organization comprising of 38 member countries. Know that these countries are committed to democracy and free market economy. It was signed in 1960 by 18 European nations plus United States and Canada. Know that it came into force in 1961. An important point from our exam point of views that India is not a member but a key economic partner of OECD. This OECD was headquartered in Paris, France. This is all about the basics of OECD. Now let us see a brief history of OECD from our exam perspective. See OECD was founded in 1948 as Organization for Economic European Economic Cooperation OEEC. See, it was established to oversee the Marshall Plan for post-war reconstruction of Europe which was given after World War II. When United States and Canada joined in 1961, this organization was renamed as OECD. Let us see the functions of OECD. Firstly, OECD plays a critical role in promoting global economic stability. It does this by publishing and updating a model tax convention that is used as a blueprint for assigning various tax rights of various countries. For example, OECD developed a global minimum taxation framework that applies a standard minimum tax rate for all the corporates worldwide. See, it proposed a corporate minimum tax of 15% on foreign profits of large MNCs. This move would fetch developing countries a new annual tax revenue of $150 billion a year. Let us see the second function. See, OECD is responsible for providing economic studies, assessments, statistical databases and projections on global economic outlook. Let us see the reports which are published by OECD. OECD publishes International Migration Outlook Better Life Index and it also coordinates program for international students assessment or PISA. Let us see the third function. Thirdly, it aims to eradicate bribery and other financial crimes around the world. Know that OECD also maintains a blacklist for those countries that it considers to be uncooperative tax heaven countries. Finally, it works in the G20 countries to eliminate tax evasion and dodging by profitable firms and it encourages the members to push for various tax reforms. Let us see an example. OECD developed a two pillar plan to combat tax evasion of MNCs and which is technically called base erosion profit shifting. These are all about the various functions of OECD. See, in this discussion we saw about the latest report of OECD regarding green finance. In our analysis part, we saw about the genesis of OECD, its members and the various functions of OECDs. With this learned points, let us conclude this discussion and let us take up the next news article for our analysis. Look at this beautiful image from the science page article. The lights seen in the image are called northern lights which is otherwise called aurora burialis. Recently this lighting phenomenon was observed over the north atlantic ocean in Norway. With this news as a base let us understand some important points about auroras. See, auroras are natural lights that appear in the sky. The aurora lights are only visible during the night sky. The auroras usually appear in the lower polar regions of the earth. Note that if the aurora occurs in the southern hemisphere, they are called southern lights or aurora astralis. On the other hand, if they occur in the northern hemisphere, they are called northern lights or aurora burialis. Now, let us move on to see how auroras are formed. See, auroras occur when electrically charged particles such as proton and electron collide with the gases present in the earth's upper atmosphere. When these charged particles collide with the gases, it produces tiny flashes. This tiny flash appears like a colorful light in the sky. This is what we termed as aurora. Now, where this charged particle comes from? See, these charged particles are coming from the sun. As we all know, sun is made up of electrically charged particles like protons and electrons. These particles continuously froze from the surface of the sun to other planets in the solar system. This phenomenon of flow of charged particles from the sun to other planets is called solar winds. See, solar winds are continuously flowing towards the earth also. See, most of the solar winds are blocked by the earth's magnetic field from entering the earth's atmosphere. Into time, the solar winds get stronger and penetrates into the earth's magnetic field. So, the stream of particles in the solar wind interact with the gases present in the magnetic field. In this process, we will create a magnificent auroras. Now, let us see the coloring pattern of the auroras. The aurora can appear in a variety of colors like green, red, blue, yellow, orange. The color of the aurora depends on the altitude and it also depends on the kind of atom which is involved in a collision of electrically charged particles. For example, if the charged particles collide with the oxygen atom at a high altitude in the earth's atmosphere, these interactions will produce red light. Likewise, if the particles collide with the oxygen at lower altitudes, it produces green yellow lights. Then, if the particles collide with the nitrogen gas, it produces reddish and blueish lights. Similarly, if the charged particles strike with the hydrogen or sodium atoms, it can produce blue and purple auroras respectively. That's all about this news discussion. In this discussion, we saw about the auroras and the basics behind the magnificent phenomena. This is all about this discussion and let us take up the next news article for our analysis. This news article is about the recent order of the Supreme Court. A bench headed by Chief Justice of India, D. Y. Chandrachuth, pronounced with that, children living in car institutions whose parents had not visited them for over a year or had an unfit parents or guardians should be identified and brought into the adoption pool of the country. The court also directed the states and union terraries to compile the data and the potential children for adoption and ensure the registration in the carers online portal, child adoption resource information and guidance system or carings. This is to reduce the mismatch between the children available for adoption and prospective adoptive parents. Know that as of October 2023 2,146 children were available for adoption in India while 30,669 prospective adoptive parents have been registered for adoption. See this is about the news article. In this context let us see some important points about the Central Adoption Adoption Resource Authority or CARA. See Central Adoption Resource Authority or CARA was founded in 1990 and it was provided with the status of statutory body under Juvenile Justice Act 2015. Know that it functions under the Ministry of Women and Child Development WCD Government of India. See CARA primarily deals with the adoption of orphan, abandoned and surrendered children through its associated or adoption agencies. It functions as a nodal body for adoption of Indian children. Moving forward let us see the functions of CARA. Firstly, CARA is responsible for supervising and regulating the adoption procedures within India. It also aims to promote in-country adoptions and ensure the welfare of the child. It facilitates and coordinates the interstate adoption in collaboration with respective state agencies. Secondly, CARA regulates and oversees the inter-country adoptions. It is actually designated as the Central Authority to deal with inter-country adoption. Know that this was in accordance with the provisions of HAY Convention on Inter-country Adoption 1993. See this convention was ratified by the Government of India in 2003. Thirdly, CARA is authorized to create and update the regulations which deals with the adoption and related matters as deemed necessary from time to time. Fourthly, CARA also maintains Child Adoption Resource Information and Guidance System or CARINGS Portal. This portal is actually a database of children who are available for adoption and their respective adoptive parents as we have already seen in the introduction part of our analysis. Finally, CARA monitors and regulates the various bodies involved in the adoption process including state adoption resource agencies, specialized adoption agencies, authorized foreign adoption agencies, Child Welfare Committee and District Child Prospective Units or DPU. These are some of the important functions of CARA. Finally, before concluding, let us see the general procedure for adoption in India. See, firstly, the Child Welfare Committees, CWC must declare a child as legally available for adoption. The database of children who are legally available for adoption will be updated in the CARAINGS Portal. Then, the Prospective Adoptive Parents or PAP should also register themselves with the CARAINGS Portal. After the match, the specialized adoption agencies will conduct a home study report of the Prospective Adoptive Parents. This report will help determine the suitability of the respective parents. If the Prospective Adoptive Parents are suitable, the SCA will complete the adoption process. After this, the court will issue the adoption order for the adoption of the children. Know that following adoption, CARA will conduct post adoption follow-up studies for a period of two years. These are the various steps involved in the child adoption process in India. Here note that Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956, which will govern the adoption procedures for Hindu, Jains, Sikhs and Buddhist children and Juvenile Justice Act, CARA and Protection of Children also provides a legal framework for adoption in India. See, this is all about the discussion. In this discussion, we saw about the important social body called CARA and moreover, we saw the general adoption procedure process in India for our better understanding. That's all about the news discussion. With this, let us move on to the next part of the video that is to discuss the preliminary practice questions. Today, we are having four questions. Let us all them one by one. See the first question. This is a description about a national park which we should find out. Let us see the description. This national park is home to more than 2,200 Indian 100 rhinoceros, which accounts for two-third of their total world population. It was formed in 1908 on the recommendation of Mary Cousin, who is the wife of Lord Cousin. This park is located on the edge of eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot. In the year 1985, it was declared as World Heritage Site by UNESCO. This national park was declared as a tiger reserve in 2006. And also this park is recognized as the important bird area by BirdLife International. See out of this description, note this description. That is, this national park approximately has two-third of the total world rhino population. See, from this information itself we can devise that the correct option is option D, Kasi Ranga National Park. See the second question. Consider the following statements about OECD or Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development. The first statement, OECD was founded in 1948 as the Organization for European Economic Cooperation or OEEC. This statement is correct because this we have discussed in our news analysis. See the second statement. It members countries are predominantly high-income countries, which we have also discussed in our analysis, so this statement is also correct. Third statement, it is headquartered in Bern, Switzerland. See, this statement is wrong because in our analysis we saw that the headquarters of OECD lies in Paris, France. So this statement is wrong. See the fourth statement. Its main function is to promote global economic stability which is also correct. So the third statement alone is wrong. So the correct option is option C. See the third question. The auroras seen in the earth polar region are caused by which of the following statement ? See the third statement. Interaction of solar wind with the earth magnetic field. See this statement is correct because we have seen the mechanism behind the formation of auroras in our analysis. So the correct option is option C. See the final question of the day. Consider the following statements about prospective adoptive parents related to adoption in India. See the first statement states that a PIP should be economically stable and should not have any life-threatening condition. See from our common sensical perspective we can easily say this statement is correct. See the second one. Parents who have biological daughter cannot be considered as PIP. See this statement is wrong because parents can have their own biological son or daughter and still they will be considered as a PIP and can adopt a child. So this statement is wrong. See the third statement. A single female is eligible to adopt a child of any gender. This is correct. See the final statement. A single male child should not be eligible to adopt a girl children. See this statement is also correct. So eliminating the statement 2 we can say that 3 statements are correct. So the correct option is option C. If you like today's video like, comment and share it with your friends. 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