 More rules. Okay. Yes. You must do this Helpful and rapid changes are needed. Of course, you have to assume that the learner has already learned to follow rules That's an important thing because a lot of people have learned that rule following doesn't help them Contingency shape takes a while You want to run into those reinforcers and those punishers yourself It's gonna take you a little bit of time to get there to get that behavior up to up to speed All right. So this is why teaching works. This is one of those. Actually, I should say instruction This is why instruction works and you heard my lovely screaming cat in the background. He's dying to come into the room. So anyway So contingency shape can and do take time so rules will help you get and get through something a lot quicker When consequences are delayed or intermittent the rules will help you come into contact To make sure that you're eventually going to come into contact with them If I don't put those rules out there Then you're kind of not going to know if what you're doing is right because you're the the consequences are delayed or the Reinforcers are delayed or the punishers are delayed. You know that type of thing So following those rules helped you come in contact with stuff. My example with this one Believe it or not is actually once again, guess what woodworking. Yay But like finish right so the finish that you put on a project when you're done so you know some people call it varnish some people call it whatever they didn't want to call it but There's all sorts of different types of finishes. Well, some of those finishes take forever to set up and by set up I mean dry and become shiny and do all those things so What happens is is that you can do the first two three four coats Before you get to that final coat where you're really going to get a nice polish on a nice sheen on that type of thing But if you're buggered up step one You're not going to know about it. Believe it or not. You're not going to know about it until you're on step five Unless you're following the rules, right? So in other words, if you forget to fill the grain, which is the little porst You know, there's in really hard woods There's this porst part of the wood and the grain actually has gaps in it And it's where the water travels through the truth But those gaps can look really awful on a finished product of that thinking like a violin or a guitar You know, it's how they look so shiny and so smooth. They're like baby's butt smooth They're glass smooth That's because one of the things that's happened is a grain filling process They filled that grain before they start putting the finish on now If you don't fill the grain in that first coat of finish the second coat the third coat for the fifth coat It's gonna look beautiful. It's gonna look just fine And then you get to that last coat and you're buffing things out, right? And you're working on and you've been at this point on like let's say a violin or a guitar You've been actually working on that finish for probably 25 or 30 days at the time you get to coat five And so you're buffing away You're doing all this stuff and you're making it work and then you get done You're like wow, it's nice and shiny and you take it out in the sunlight and all you see are these little ripples They didn't tiny ripples little divots here and there and and you're like Son of a yin and what the issue is you didn't fill your grain So the the finish soaks in to those little bits and spots and those lower lower pieces and The issue is that it looks like crap, but you didn't know that because you weren't following the rule ahead of time So it took you forever in this case a month of lots of labor-intensive is labor-intensive work and to Find out that you screwed something up a little while ago and now you got to do a lot more work to fix it So again, the consequences are delayed or imminent or intermittent there And you use the rule to to bridge the gap So now when any of you are trying to do a French polish technique, you know fill your grain So I'm giving you all these useful rules. Hopefully some of you will become woodworkers and you'll actually use it, right? Helpful one behavior will lead to severe punishment. Think of the red rocks. That's all I have to say Make rules as specific as possible in terms of behavior Circumstances and consequences Be clear. I mean if you're vague then rules are pointless That I just hate that do this or else. It's like really or else. What come on at least tell me what the hell is gonna happen Same thing with circumstances under certain situations one behavior may be okay under a different situation That behavior may not be okay. Tell me what it is. Make it clear As I said, you know what confusion, right? This will lead to no reinforcement and can decrease rule-following behavior because don't forget that we are getting reinforced for following the rules All right, so there is that behavior that separate behavior that's happening every time you're learning to do another behavior So let's say I'm giving you all this advice on woodworking and you go out in the shop and you try it And it doesn't work. Well, guess what? You're not gonna follow rules for me anymore So I'm punishing rule-following behavior. So that's why I'm actually telling you real things Make reinforcement as immediate as possible. You can do this using deadlines Some people think deadlines are a discriminative stimuli and they are in a sense But really what it is is about just making a setting up a situation where the reinforcers are gonna be delivered, right? And it works surprisingly well There's a fun reference in your book that goes through that so I'll leave you to look through that but the idea is that Adding simply adding a deadline can change The the probability that the behavior is going to be done Some of you are actually seeing that with this course because I don't have deadlines on when to complete your Exams, however, there are deadlines on earning the maximum possible points in the discussion Right, so you don't have a deadline to complete your exam You can complete it at the end of the quarter, but you will not may earn extra points in the in the discussions, so That so there's kind of a deadline there, but not really and some people aren't as worried about the points from the discussion So they're just hanging out on their exams and that's okay. Yeah, it's up to them You know that then that's what the rule is it's really clear So it's really clear the consequences the state of circumstances are all there There is a kind of a deadline if you want to get to points for the for the lecture you have to have your exams done Goals, all right Really goals are just special cases of rules. They're basically motivational factors To kind of help you get to a certain point and we're going to talk about motivation in an upcoming lecture the idea is that They can help change the value of reinforcers and by achieving a particular goal It might actually be a reinforcer into itself They do similar things as rules like I said, they're really just special cases of rules It's just it specifies of a particular instance of behavior really So there are former use rules, but they're used when you're trying to achieve a long-term objective Trying to think of an example here like building a set of cabinets. That's not a quick thing Right, so I've been working on that quite a while. So I set individual goals, right? So I can't just say who I want my cabinets done by this date. Yeah, right, uh-huh That's not gonna work. There's like 50,000 things you need to do in order to get those cabinets finished So I'm working on step one step two step three step four and I set goals each week Here's what I want to do this week, right? So I've broken down a lot of goals to kind of bring in some additional reinforcers there And long-term objective of course is going to be having this nice beautiful kitchen. I'm almost done with I'm getting really excited Self-talk is an example of a rule for now So telling myself what you know just giving myself stealth statements Ooh, this piece of wood is looking good or the door for this cabinet is looking great, right? That's my rule for now. I can even give myself specific rules of who I'm gonna focus on this particular task today All right and practice where we can set up that goal for later Right, so I'm gonna do 15 of these things and then that is going to get me to my long-term goal of Actually having my cabinets So self-talk kind of gets you focused on right now and the practice really kind of sets it up for success later Again just like rule just like rules be specific in terms of behavior consequences settings Use mastery criteria surprise surprise. I'm using mastery criteria for you guys get hit that 90% right make it clear about What you need you need do in order to be proficient with that particular behavior? You can start to see how this would be really useful in sports and those types of things Make them public if you have a certain set of goals tell people about them Of course, there's some criteria about telling folks about it. You want it to be somebody that's gonna help you You want it to be somebody that's gonna be around and might actually reinforce you when you do achieve your goals But the idea is make those goals public post them on a wall or something post them in your house Post them on the refrigerator at a buddy mine. He actually Had all these lifelong goals things that he wanted to do and it wasn't really bucket list type stuff It was rather pragmatic. It was like payoff Bill X And what he did was he actually put these things all around his house so when you went over to his house you would see this stuff and You could ask him. Hey so-and-so. I'm not gonna tell his name because he'll see him. You might see him someday Anyway, hey so-and-so did you get your bill paid off because on the wall right there? It says that you were supposed to have that done by June or whatever or here you getting close to that or hey Maybe we shouldn't spend money didn't maybe we shouldn't go a party and tonight because you know It looks to me like you've got this big thing that you're trying to achieve on the wall So it implies these social consequences and that he that he can set himself up to get punished or reinforced for Achieving his goals from other people deadlines It makes it more likely that you'll be successful And give feedback for yourself management stuff. You guys should all be graphing this stuff every day Right because that feedback can be completely reinforcing And just like the public stuff make a public commitment say what you're gonna achieve by when and That tends to put additional pressure on you to make it happen All right, there you go. Talk to you soon