 The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The original line-up consisted of Brian Jones, Rhythm Guitar, Harmonica, Mick Jagger, lead vocals, Keith Richards, lead guitar, backing vocals, Ian Stewart, piano, Bill Wyman, bass, and Charlie Watts, drums. Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985. Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974. After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since. Following Wyman's departure in 1993, Daryl Jones joined as their touring bassist. Other touring keyboardists for the band have been Nikki Hopkins, 1967-82, Billy Preston, through the mid-1970s, and Chuck Leville, 1982-present. The band was first led by Jones, but after teaming as the band's songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles. The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British invasion of bands that became popular in the US in 1964. The band identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s. They were instrumental in making blues a major part of rock and roll. After a short period of musical experimentation that peaked with the psychedelic album Their Satanic Majesties' Request, 1967, the group returned to its bluesy roots with Beggar's Banquet, 1968, which along with its follow UPS, let it bleed, 1969, Sticky Fingers, 1971, and Exile on Main St, 1972, is generally considered to be the band's best work and is seen as their golden age. During this period, they were first introduced on stage as the world's greatest rock and roll band. Musicologist Robert Palmer attributed the remarkable endurance of the Rolling Stones to being rooted in traditional verities in rhythm and blues and soul music, while more ephemeral pop fashions have come and gone. The band continued to release commercially successful records in the 1970s and sold many albums, including Some Girls, 1978, and Tattoo U, 1981, which were their most popular albums worldwide. From 1983 to 1987, tensions between Jagger and Richards almost caused the band to split. However, they managed to patch up their friendship in 1987. They separated temporarily to work on solo projects and experience to come back with Steel Wheels, 1989, which was followed by a large stadium and arena tour. Since the 1990s, new recorded material from the group has been increasingly less well received and less frequent. Despite this, the Rolling Stones have continued to be a huge attraction on the live circuit, with stadium tours in the 1990s and 20s. By 2007, the band had four of the top five highest-grossing concert tours of all time, Voodoo Lounge Tour, 1994-95, Bridges to Babylon Tour, 1997-98, Licks Tour, 2002-03, and a Bigger Bang Tour, 2005-07. The Rolling Stones were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2004. Rolling Stone magazine ranked them fourth on the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list and their estimated album sales are above 250 million. They have released 30 studio albums, 18 live albums and numerous compilations. Let It Bleed, 1969, was their first of five consecutive No. 1 studio and live albums in the UK. Sticky Fingers, 1971, was the first of eight consecutive No. 1 studio albums in the US. In 2008, the band ranked 10th on the Billboard Hot 100 All Time Top Artists chart. In 2012, the band celebrated its 50th anniversary. HISTORY Early History Keith Richards and Mick Jagger were childhood friends and classmates in Dartford, Kent, until the Jaggers moved to Wilmington. Jagger had formed a garage band with Dick Taylor, mainly playing Muddy Waters, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Howlin' Wolf and Bo Diddley material. Jagger met Richards again in 1960 on platform 2 of Dartford Railway Station. The Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters records that Jagger carried revealed a common interest that prompted their musical partnership. Richards joined Jagger and Taylor at frequent meetings at Jagger's house. The meetings switched to Taylor's house in late 1961, where the three were joined by Alan Etherington and Bob Beckwith. They called themselves the Blue Boys. In March 1962, the Blue Boys read about the Ealing Jazz Club in the Jazz News newspaper and visited the place on April 7, 1962. The band members met Brian Jones there, as he sat in playing slide guitar with Alexis Corner's seminal London rhythm and blues band, Blues Incorporated, the band that also had future Rolling Stones members Ian Stewart and Charlie Watts. Before visiting the Ealing Jazz Club, the Blue Boys had sent a tape of their best recordings to Alexis Corner, who was impressed. After a meeting with Corner, Jagger and Richards started jamming with Blues Incorporated. Brian Jones advertised for bandmates in the Jazz News, and Ian Stewart found a practice space and joined with Jones to start a rhythm and blues band playing Chicago Blues. Shortly thereafter, Jagger, Taylor and Richards left Blues Incorporated to join Jones and Stewart in their effort. Also at the first rehearsal were guitarist Jeff Bradford and vocalist Brian Knight, both of whom declined to join the band, citing objections to playing the Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley songs preferred by Jagger and Richards. In June 1962 the line-up was as follows, Jagger, Jones, Richards, Stewart, Taylor and drummer Tony Chapman. According to Richards, Jones christened the band during a phone call to Jazz News. When asked for a band name Jones saw a muddy waters LP lying on the floor. One of the LP's tracks was Rollin' Stone. 1962-1964, building a following. Jagger, Richards and Jones with Stewart and Dick Taylor on bass played a gig build as the Rollin' Stones on July 12, 1962, at the Marquis Club, 165 Oxford Street London. Their material included the Chicago Blues as well as Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley songs. Bassist Bill Wyman joined in December 1962 and drummer Charlie Watts the following January 1963 to form the band's original rhythm section. The Rolling Stones then acting manager Giorgio Gamelsky secured a Sunday afternoon residency at the Craw Daddy Club in Richmond, which, Gamelsky said, triggered an international renaissance for the Blues and was a seminal facet of swinging London's advent. The Rolling Stones signed manager Andrew Look Oldham, a publicist who was directed to the band by previous clients, the Beatles. Because Oldham had not reached majority he was 19 and younger than any member of the band he could not get an agent's license nor sign any contracts without his mother also signing. By necessity he joined with booking agent Eric Easton. Gamelsky had no written agreement with the band and was not consulted.Initially Oldham tried to apply the Epstein strategy of making the band members wear suits. Later, he changed his strategy. He imagined a band which contrasted with the neat, smiling Beatles image. Oldham stated, The overall hustle I invented for the Stones was to establish them as a raunchy, gamey, unpredictable bunch of undesirables. I decided that since the Beatles had already usurped the clean-cut choirboy image with synchronized jackets, I should take the Stones down the opposite road. Rejecting matching clothing was one step, emphasizing their long hair and unclean appearance was another, and indicating the press to write about them, using catchy phrases that I had coined was yet another. I wanted to establish that the Stones were threatening, uncouth and animalistic. Consequently, Ian Stewart left the official line-up, but stayed as road manager and touring keyboardist. Oldham explained Stewart's decision, well, he just doesn't look the part, and six is too many for fans to remember the faces in the picture. Later, Oldham cut a few years off the ages of the band members to make them appear as teens. Decker Records, which had passed on signing the Beatles, gave the Rolling Stones a recording contract with very favorable terms. The band got three times a new acts typical royalty rate, full artistic control of recordings, and ownership of the recording masters. The deal also let the band use non-decker recording studios. Regent Sound Studios, a mono facility equipped with egg boxes on the ceiling for sound treatment, became the preferred facility. Oldham, who had no recording experience but made himself the band's producer, said Regent had a sound that leaked, instrument to instrument, the right way creating a wall of noise that worked well for the band. Due to Regent's low rates, the band could record for extended periods rather than the usual three-hour blocks then prevalent at other studios. All tracks on the first Rolling Stones UK album were recorded at Regent. Oldham contrasted the Rolling Stones independence with the Beatles' obligation to record in Emmy's studios, saying it made them appear as mere mortals, sweating in the studio for the man. Oldham promoted the Rolling Stones as the nasty counterpoints to the Beatles by having the band pose unsmiling on the cover of their first UK album. He also encouraged the press to use provocative headlines such as Would You Let Your Daughter Marry a Rolling Stone? Though Oldham initially had dressed the band in uniform suits, the band drifted back to wearing everyday clothes for public appearances. According to Wyman, our reputation and image as the bad boys came later, completely there, accidentally. Andrew never did engineer it. He simply exploited it exhaustively. Block quote We were the first pop group to break away from the whole Cliff Richard thing where the bands did little dance steps, wore identical uniforms and had snappy patter. Bill Wyman slash block quote A cover of Chuck Berry's Come On was the Rolling Stones' first single, released on June 7, 1963. The band refused to play it at live gigs, and Deca bought only one ad to promote the single. With Oldham's direction, fan club members bought copies at record shops polled by the charts, helping come on rise to number 21 on the UK singles charts. Having a charting single gave the band entree to play outside London, starting with a booking at the Outlook Club in Middlesbrough on July 13, sharing the billing with the Holly's. Bill Wyman's book Rolling with the Stones incorrectly states the band played the Alcove Club that night. Later in the year Oldham and Easton arranged the band's first big UK concert tour as a supporting act for American stars including Bo Diddley, Little Richard and the Everly Brothers. This autumn 1963 tour became a training ground for the young band's stagecraft. During this tour the Rolling Stones recorded their second single, a Lenin McCartney Pond number entitled I Wanna Be Your Man, it reached number 12 in the UK charts. Their third single, Buddy Holly's Not Fade Away, itself based on Bo Diddley's style, was released in February 1964 and reached number 3. Oldham saw little future for an act that lost significant songwriter royalties by playing songs of middle-aged blacks, limiting the appeal to teenage audiences. Jagger and Richards decided to write songs together, the first batch of which Oldham described as soppy and imitative. Because songwriter developed slowly, songs on the band's first album the Rolling Stones, issued in the US as England's newest hitmakers comma, were primarily covers, with only one Jagger slash Richards original tell me, you're coming back, and two numbers credited to Nanker Felch, the pen name for songs written by the entire group. The Rolling Stones first US tour in June 1964 was, in Bill Wyman's words, a disaster. When we arrived, we didn't have a hit record there or anything going for us. When the band appeared on the Variety Show The Hollywood Palace, that week's guest host Dean Martin mocked both their hair and their performance. During the tour they recorded for two days at Chess Studios in Chicago, meeting many of their most important influences, including Muddy Waters. These sessions included what would become the Rolling Stones first number one hit in the UK, their cover of Bobby and Shirley Womack's It's All Over Now. The Stones followed James Brown and the famous Flames in the filmed theatrical release of The Tammy Show, which showcased American acts with British invasion artists. According to Jagger in 2003, we weren't actually following James Brown because there was considerable time between the filming of each section. Nevertheless, he was still very annoyed about a tandem sp. On October 25, the band also appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show. Because of the initial pandemonium the Rolling Stones caused, Sullivan banned the band from his show, though he booked for subsequent appearances in the years following. Their second LP The Us Only 12x5 was released during this tour. The Rolling Stones' 5th UK single, a cover of Willie Dixon's Little Red Rooster backed by Off the Hook credited to Nanker Felch was released in November 1964 and became their second number one hit in the UK, an unprecedented achievement for a blues number.The band's US distributors, London Records, declined to release Little Red Rooster as a single. In December 1964, London Records released the band's first single with Jagger Slash Richard's Originals on both sides, Heart of Stone, backed with What a Shame, Heart of Stone went to number 19 in the US. 1965-1967, Height of Fame. The band's second UK LP The Rolling Stones No and NBSP, two released in January 1965, charted at number one as an album, and the US version, released in February as The Rolling Stones, now, reached number five. The album was recorded at Chess Studios in Chicago and RCA Studios in Los Angeles. In January slash February 1965 the band played 34 shows for about 100,000 people in Australia and New Zealand. The first Jagger Slash Richard's composition to reach number one on the UK singles charts was The Last Time, released in February 1965, dot it went to number nine in the US. It was also later identified by Richards as the bridge into thinking about writing for the Stones. It gave us a level of confidence, a pathway of how to do it. Their first international number one hit was, I Can't Get No, Satisfaction, recorded in May 1965 during the band's third North American tour. In recording the guitar riff with the fuzzbox that drives the song, Richards had envisioned it as a scratch track to guide a horn section. In spite of this, the final cut was without the planned horn overdubs. Issued in the summer of 1965, it was their fourth UK number one and first US number one where it spent four weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot 100, establishing The Rolling Stones as a worldwide premier act. The US version of the LP Out of Our Heads, released in July 1965, also went to number one, it included seven original songs, three Jagger Slash Richards numbers and four credited to Nanker Felch. Their second international number one single, Get Off of My Cloud was released in the autumn of 1965 followed by another US only LP, December's Children. Aftermath, UK number one, US two, released in the late spring of 1966, was the first Rolling Stones album to be composed entirely of Jagger Slash Richards songs. On this album Jones' contributions expanded beyond guitar and harmonica. To the Middle Eastern influenced painted, black he added sitar, to the ballad Lady Jane he added dulcimer, and to under my thumb he added marimbas. Aftermath was also notable for the almost 12 minute long going home. The Stones' success on the British and American singles charts peaked during 1966. 19th Nervous Breakdown, February 1966, UK number two, US number two, was followed by their transatlantic number one hit paint it, Black, May 1966, . Mother's Little Helper, June 1966, reached number eight in the US, it was one of the first pop songs to address the issue of prescription drug abuse. The September 1966 single have you seen your mother, baby, standing in the shadow. UK number five, US number nine, was notable in several respects, it was the first Stones recording to feature brass horns, the, now famous, back cover photo on the original US picture sleeve depicted the group satirically dressed in drag, and the song was accompanied by one of the first official music videos, directed by Peter Whitehead. January 1967 saw the release of Between the Buttons, UK number three, US two, the album was Andrew Oldham's last venture as the Rolling Stones producer, his role as the band's manager had been taken over by Alan Klein in 1965. The US version included the double A side single Let's Spend the Night Together and Ruby Tuesday, which went to number one in the US and number three in the UK. When the band went to New York to perform the numbers on the Ed Sullivan show, they were ordered to change the lyrics of the refrain to let's spend some time together. In early 1967, Jagger, Richards and Jones began to be hounded by authorities over their recreational drug use, after news of the world ran a three part feature entitled pop stars and drugs, facts that will shock you. The series described alleged LSD parties hosted by the Moody Blues and attended by top stars including the Who's Pete Townsend and Creams Ginger Baker, and alleged admissions of drug use by leading pop musicians. The first article targeted Donovan, who was rated and charged soon after, the second installment, published on February 5, targeted the Rolling Stones. A reporter who contributed to the story spent an evening at the exclusive London Club Blazes, where a member of the Rolling Stones allegedly took several Benzedrine tablets, displayed a piece of hashish and invited his companions back to his flat for a smoke. The article claimed that this was Mick Jagger, but it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity the reporter had in fact been eavesdropping on Brian Jones. On the night the article was published Jagger appeared on the Aiman Andrews Chet show and announced that he was filing a writ for libel against the paper. A week later on February 12, Sussex Police, tipped off by the News of the World, who in turn were tipped off by Richards Schofer, rated a party at Keith Richards home, Redlands. No arrests were made at the time but Jagger, Richards and their friend art dealer Robert Fraser were subsequently charged with drug offences. Richards said in 2003, �When we got busted at Redlands, it suddenly made us realize that this was a whole different ball game and that was when the fun stopped. Up until then it had been as though London existed in a beautiful space where you could do anything you wanted.� On the treatment of the man responsible for the raid he later added, �As I heard it, he never walked the same again.� In March 1967, while awaiting the consequences of the police raid, Jagger, Richards and Jones took a short trip to Morocco, accompanied by Marianne Faithful, Jones girlfriend Anita Paulenberg and other friends. During this trip the stormy relations between Jones and Paulenberg deteriorated to the point that Paulenberg left Morocco with Richards. Richards said later, �That was the final nail in the coffin with me and Brian. He'd never forgive me for that and I don't blame him, but hell, shit happens.� Richards and Paulenberg would remain a couple for 12 years. Despite these complications, the Rolling Stones toured Europe in March and April 1967. The tour included the band's first performances in Poland, Greece and Italy. On May 10, 1967, the same day Jagger, Richards and Fraser were arraigned in connection with the Redlands Charges Brian Jones� house was raided by police and he was arrested and charged with possession of cannabis.3 out of 5 Rolling Stones now faced drug charges. Jagger and Richards were tried at the end of June. On June 29 Jagger was sentenced to three months imprisonment for possession of four amphetamine tablets, Richards was found guilty of allowing cannabis to be smoked on his property and sentenced to one year in prison. Both Jagger and Richards were imprisoned at that point, but were released on bail the next day pending appeal. The Times ran the famous editorial entitled �Who Breaks a Butterfly on a Wheel,� in which conservative editor William Riesmogh surprised his readers by his unusually critical discourse on the sentencing, pointing out that Jagger had been treated far more harshly for a minor first offense than any purely anonymous young man. While awaiting the appeal hearings, the band recorded a new single, �We Love You,� as a thank you for the loyalty shown by their fans. It began with the sound of prison doors closing, and the accompanying music video included allusions to the trial of Oscar Wilde. On July 31, the appeals court overturned Richards� conviction, and Jagger�s sentence was reduced to a conditional discharge. Brian Jones� trial took place in November 1967, in December, after appealing the original prison sentence, Jones was fined £1,000, put on three years probation and ordered to seek professional help. December 1967 also saw the release of their Satanic Majesties Request, UK No. 3, US 2, released shortly after the Beatles�s G.T. Pepper�s Lonely Hearts Club Band�s F.N. Gilliland 1969 LOC Equals Show 46 Satanic Majesties had been recorded in difficult circumstances while Jagger, Richards and Jones were dealing with their court cases. The band parted ways with producer Andrew Oldham during the sessions. The split was amicable, at least publicly, but in 2003 Jagger said, �The reason Andrew left was because he thought that we weren�t concentrating and that we were being childish. It was not a great moment really and I would have thought it wasn�t a great moment for Andrew either. There were a lot of distractions and you always need someone to focus you at that point, that was Andrew�s job. Satanic Majesties thus became the first album The Rolling Stones produced on their own. Its psychedelic sound was complemented by the cover art, which featured a 3D photo by Michael Cooper, who had also photographed the cover of S.G.T. Pepper. Bill Wyman wrote and sang a track on the album, In Another Land, which was also released as a single, the first on which Jagger did not sing lead. 1968 – 1972, Golden Age The band spent the first few months of 1968 working on material for their next album. Those sessions resulted in the song Jump in Jack Flash, released as a single in May. The song and the subsequent album, Beggar�s Banquet, UK number 3, US 5, an eclectic mix of country and blues-inspired tunes, marked the band�s return to their roots, and the beginning of their collaboration with producer Jimmy Miller. It featured the lead single Street Fighting Man, which addressed the political upheavals of May 1968, and sympathy for the devil. Beggar�s Banquet was well received at the time of release. Richards said, �There is a change between material on Satanic Majesties and Beggar�s Banquet. I�d grown sick to death of the whole Maharishi Guru�s shit and the beads and bells. Who knows where these things come from, but I guess the music was a reaction to what we�d done in our time off and also that severe dose of reality. A spell in prison and nbsp, will certainly give you room for thought and nbsp. I was fucking pissed with being busted. So it was, right we�ll go and strip this thing down. There�s a lot of anger in the music from that period. Richards started using open tunings for rhythm parts, often in conjunction with a capo, most prominently in open E or open D tuning in 1968. Beginning in 1969, he often used five-string open G tuning, with the lower sixth string removed, as heard on the 1969 single Honky Tonk Women, Brown Sugar, Sticky Fingers, 1971, Tumbling Dice, Capo 4, Happy, Capo 4. Exile on Main ST, 1972, and Start Me Up, Tattoo U, 1981. The end of 1968 saw the filming of The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus. It featured John Lennon, Yoko Ono, The Dirty Mac, The Who, Jethro Toll, Marianne Faithful, and Taj Mahal. The footage was shelved for 28 years but was finally released officially in 1996, with the DVD version released in October 2004. By the release of Beggar�s Banquet, Brian Jones was increasingly troubled and was only sporadically contributing to the band. Jagger said that Jones was not psychologically suited to this way of life. His drug use had become a hindrance, and he was unable to obtain a U.S. visa. Richards reported that, in a June meeting with Jagger, Richards and Watts at Jones� house, Jones admitted that he was unable to go on the road again, and left the band, saying �I�ve left, and if I want to I can come back.� On July 3, 1969, less than a month later, Jones drowned in the swimming pool under mysterious circumstances at his home, Cauchford Farm, in Hartfield, East Sussex. The Rolling Stones were scheduled to play at a free concert for Blackhill Enterprises in London�s Hyde Park, two days after Brian Jones� death, they decided to proceed with the show as a tribute to Jones. The concert, their first with new guitarist Mick Taylor, was performed in front of an estimated 250,000 fans.The performance was filmed by a Granada television production team, and was shown on British television as �The Stones in the Park.� Jagger read an excerpt from Shelley�s Po�a Modo Nise, an elegy written on the death of his friend John Keats, and they released thousands of butterflies in memory of Jones before opening their set with �I�m Yours and I�m Hers,� a Johnny Winter number. Also performed, but previously unheard by the audience, were Midnight Rambler and Love in Vein from their forthcoming album Let It Bleed, released December 1969, and Give Me a Drink which eventually appeared on Exile on Main ST, released May 1972. The show also included the concert debut of Hongie Tonk Women, which the band had just released the previous day. The Blackhill Enterprises stage manager Sam Cutler introduced them as �the greatest rock and roll band in the world� a description he repeated throughout their 1969 U.S. tour, and which has stuck to this day, Cutler left Blackhill Enterprises to become the Stones Road Manager following the Hyde Park concert. The release of Let It Bleed, U.K. No. 1, U.S. 3, came in December. Their last album of the 60s, Let It Bleed featured Gimme Shelter. The lead female vocalist and famed solo on Gimme Shelter is performed by singer Mary Clayton, sister of Sam Clayton, of the American rock band Little Feet. Other tracks include �You Can�t Always Get What You Want,� with accompaniment by the London Bach Choir, who initially asked for their name to be removed from the album�s credits after being apparently horrified by the content of some of its other material, but later withdrew this request, Midnight Rambler as well as a cover of Robert Johnson�s Love in Vain. Jones and Taylor are featured on two tracks each. Just after the tour the band performed at the Altamont Free Concert at the Altamont Speedway, about 50 miles east of San Francisco. The Biker Gang Hells Angels provided security, and a fan, Meredith Hunter, was stabbed and beaten to death by the Angels after they realized that he was armed. Part of the tour and the Altamont Concert were documented in Albert and David Masle�s film Gimme Shelter. As a response to the growing popularity of bootleg recordings, in particular the still sought after a live-arthenual ever-be, the album Get Ya Ya Ya�s Out. UK1, US6, was released in 1970, it was declared by critic Lester Bangs to be the best live album ever. At the end of the decade the band appeared on the BBC�s highly rated review of the 60�s music scene Pop Go the 60�s, performing Gimme Shelter on the show, which was broadcast live on December 31, 1969. In 1970 the band�s contracts with both Alan Klein and Decker Records ended, CF Schoolboy Blues, and amid contractual disputes with Klein, they formed their own record company, Rolling Stones Records. Sticky Fingers, UK No. 1, US1, released in March 1971, the band�s first album on their own label, featured an elaborate cover design by Andy Warhol. The Stones Decca catalog is currently owned by Klein�s Abco label. Sticky Fingers was the first to feature the logo of Rolling Stones Records, which effectively became the band�s logo. It consisted of a pair of lips with a lapping tongue. Designer John Pash created the logo following a suggestion by Jagger to copy the outstuck tongue of the Hindu goddess Kali.Critic Sean Egan has said of the logo, �Without using the Stones name, it instantly conjures them, or at least Jagger, as well as a certain lasciviousness that is the Stones own.� It quickly and deservedly became the most famous logo in the history of popular music. The tongue and lips design was part of a package that, in 2003, VH1 named the No. 1 greatest album cover of all time. The album contains one of their best-known hits, Brown Sugar, and the country-influenced Dead Flowers. Both were recorded at Alabama�s Muscle Shoals Sound Studio during the 1969 American tour. The album continued the band�s immersion into heavily blues-influenced compositions. The album is noted for its loose, ramshackle ambience and marked McTaylor�s first full release with the band. Following the release of Sticky Fingers, the Rolling Stones left England after receiving financial advice. They moved to the south of France, where Richards rented the Villa Nelcoat and Sublet Rooms to band members and entourage. Using the Rolling Stones� mobile studio, they held recording sessions in the basement, they completed the resulting tracks, along with material dating as far back as 1969, at Sunset Studios in Los Angeles. The resulting double album, Exile on Main St, UK No. 1, US 1, was released in May 1972. Given an A&G by critic Robert Christgaw and disparaged by Lester Bangs who reversed his opinion within months Exile is now accepted as one of the Stones� best albums. The film�s cocksucker blues, never officially released, and Ladies and Gentlemen, the Rolling Stones, released in 1974, document the subsequent highly publicized 1972 North American, STP, tour. The band�s double compilation, Hot Rock�s 1964-1971 US No. 4, was released in 1972. The compilation is certified Diamond in the US having sold over 12 million copies, and has spent over 264 weeks on the Billboard album chart. 1972-1977, mid-70s. According to a 2006 article in The Daily Mail, members of the band set up a complex financial structure in 1972 to avoid payment of taxes. Their holding company, Promo Group, has offices in both Holland and the Caribbean. Holland was selected because it does not have a direct tax on royalties. The article also says that they have been tax exiles ever since, meaning they cannot make Britain their main home and that the Rolling Stones have paid just 1.6% tax on their earnings of £242 million over the past 20 years. In November 1972, the band began sessions in Kingston, Jamaica, for their follow-up to Exile, Goats Head Soup, UK1, US1, 1973. The album spawned the worldwide hit Angie, but proved the first in a string of commercially successful but tepidly received studio albums. The sessions for Goats Head Soup led to a number of outtakes, most notably an early version of the popular ballad waiting on a friend, not released until tattoo you eight years later. The making of the record was interrupted by another legal battle over drugs, dating back to their stay in France, a warrant for Richard's arrest had been issued, and the other band members had to return briefly to France for questioning. This, along with Jagger's convictions on drug charges, in 1967 and 1970, complicated the band's plans for their Pacific tour in early 1973, they were denied permission to play in Japan and almost banned from Australia. This was followed by a European tour, bypassing France, in September-October 1973 prior to which Richards had been arrested once more on drug charges, this time in England. The band went to Musicland Studios in Munich to record their next album, 1974's It's Only Rock and Roll, UK2, US1, but Jimmy Miller, who had drug abuse issues, was no longer producer. Instead, Jagger and Richards assumed production duties and were credited as the glimmer twins. Both the album and the single of the same name were hits. Near the end of 1974, Taylor began to lose patience. The band's situation made normal functioning complicated, with band members living in different countries, and legal barriers restricting where they could tour. In addition, drug use was starting to affect Richards' productivity, and Taylor felt some of his own creative contributions were going unrecognized. At the end of 1974, with the recording session already booked in Munich to record another album, Taylor quit the Rolling Stones. Taylor said in 1980, I was getting a bit fed up. I wanted to broaden my scope as a guitarist and do something elsey and nbsp. I wasn't really composing songs or writing at that time. I was just beginning to write, and that influenced my decision and nbsp. There are some people who can just ride along from crest to crest, they can ride along somebody else's success. And there are some people for whom that's not enough. It really wasn't enough for me. The Rolling Stones needed to find a new guitarist, and the recording sessions for the next album, Black and Blue, UK2, US1, 1976, in Munich provided an opportunity for some hopefuls to work while trying out for the band. Guitarists as stylistically disparate as Peter Frampton and Jeff Beck were auditioned as well as Robert Johnson and Shuggy Otis. Both Beck and Irish Blues rock guitarist Rory Gallagher later claimed that they had played without realizing they were being auditioned, and both agreed that they would never have joined. American session players Wayne Perkins and Harvey Mondell also tried out but Richards and Jagger had a preference for the band to remain purely British. When Ronnie Wood auditioned, everyone agreed that he was the right choice. Wood had already recorded and played live with Richards, and had contributed to the recording and writing of the track its only rock and roll. He had earlier declined Jagger's offer to join the Stones, because of his commitment to the Faces, saying that's what's really important to me. Rod Stewart went so far as to say he would take bets that Ronnie would not join the Stones. Wood officially joined the Rolling Stones in 1975 for their upcoming tour of the Americas as the Faces dissolved. Unlike the other band members, however, Wood was paid an employee's salary, and remained so until the early 90s, when he finally joined the Rolling Stones business partnership. The 1975 tour of the Americas kicked off in New York City with the band performing on a flatbed trailer being pulled down Broadway. The tour featured stage props including a giant phallus and a rope on which Jagger swung out over the audience. Jagger had booked live recording sessions at the El Mocombo Club in Toronto to balance a long overdue live album, 1977's Love You Live, UK3, US5, the first Stones live album since 1970s Get Ya Ya's Out. The Rolling Stones in Concert Richard's addiction to heroin delayed his arrival in Toronto, the other members had already assembled, awaiting Richard's, and sent him a telegram asking him where he was. On February 24, 1977, when Richard's and his family flew in from London, they were temporarily detained by Canada Customs after Richard's was found in possession of a burnt spoon and hash residue. Three days later, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, armed with an arrest warrant for Paul Enberg, discovered 22 grams of heroin in Richard's room. Richard's was charged with importing narcotics into Canada, an offence that carried a minimum seven-year sentence. Later the crown prosecutor conceded that Richard's had procured the drugs after arrival. Despite the incident, the band played two shows in Toronto, only to raise more controversy when Margaret Trudeau, then-wife of Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, was seen partying with the band after one show. The band's two shows were not advertised to the public. Instead, the El Mocombo had been booked for the entire week by April Wine for a recording session. 1050 Chum, a local radio station, ran a contest for free tickets to see April Wine. Contest winners who selected tickets for Friday or Saturday night were surprised to find the Rolling Stones playing. On March 4, Richard's partner Anita Paul Enberg pleaded guilty to drug possession and incurred a fine in connection with the original airport incident. The drug case against Richard's dragged on for over a year. Ultimately, Richard's received a suspended sentence and was ordered to play two free concerts for the CNIB in Oshawa, both shows featured the Rolling Stones and the New Barbarians, a group that would had put together to promote his latest solo album, and which Richard's also joined. This episode strengthened Richard's resolve to stop using heroin.It also ended his relationship with Paul Enberg, which had become strained since the death of their third child, an infant son named Tara. In addition, Paul Enberg was unable to curb her heroin addiction while Keith struggled to get clean. While Richard's was settling his legal and personal problems, Jagger continued his jet-set lifestyle. He was a regular at New York's Studio 54 disco club often Indiana the company of model Jerry Hall. His marriage to Bianca Jagger ended in 1977, although they had long been estranged. Although the Rolling Stones remained popular through the early 1970s, music critics had begun to grow dismissive of the band's output, and record sales failed to meet expectations.By the mid-1970s, after punk rock became influential, many people had begun to view the Rolling Stones as an outdated band. 1978-1982, Commercial Peak This changed in 1978, after the band released Some Girls, UK No and NBSP, 2, US No and NBSP, 1, which included the hit single Miss You, The Country Ballad Far Away Eyes, Beast of Burden, and Shattered. In part as a response to punk, many songs, particularly respectable, were fast, basic, guitar-driven rock and roll, and the album's success re-established the Rolling Stones' immense popularity among young people. Following the US Tour 1978, the band guested on the first show of the fourth season of the TV series Saturday Night Live. The group did not tour Europe the following year, breaking the routine of touring Europe every three years that the band had followed since 1967. Following the success of Some Girls, the band released their next album Emotional Rescue, UK One, US One, in mid-1980. During the recording sessions of the album, a rift between Jagger and Richards was slowly beginning to form. Richards wanted to tour in summer or autumn of 1980 to promote the new album. Much to his disappointment, Jagger declined. Emotional Rescue hit the top of the charts on both sides of the Atlantic and the title track reached number three in the US. In early 1981, the group reconvened and decided to tour the US that year, leaving little time to write and record a new album, as well as rehearse for the tour. That year's resulting album, Tattoo U, UK Two, US One, featured a number of outtakes, including lead single Start Me Up, which reached number two in the US and ranked number 22 on Billboard's Hot 100 year-end chart. Two songs, Waiting on a Friend, US No and NBSP, 13, and Tops, featured Mick Taylor's unused rhythm guitar tracks, while jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins played on Slave End Waiting on a Friend. The Rolling Stones scored one more top 20 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1982, the number 20 hit Hang Fire. The Stones American Tour 1981 was their biggest, longest, and most colorful production to date, with the band playing from September 25 through December 19. It was the highest-grossing tour of that year. Some shows were recorded, resulting in the 1982 live album Still Life, American Concert 1981, UK Four, US Five, and the 1983 Hal Ashby Concert film Let's Spend the Night Together, which was filmed at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona and the Brendan Bern Arena in the Meadowlands, New Jersey. Also in 1981, they played a concert at Chicago's Checkerboard Lounge with Muddy Waters, in what would be one of his last performances before his death in 1983. In mid-1982, to commemorate their 20th anniversary, the Rolling Stones took their American stage show to Europe. The European Tour 1982 was their first European tour in six years. The tour was similar to their 1981 American tour. For the tour, the band were joined by former Allman Brothers' band Keyboardist Chuck Level, who continues to perform and record with the Rolling Stones to date. By the end of the year, the band had signed a new four-album recording deal with a new label, CBS Records, for a reported $50 million, then the biggest record deal in history. 1983-1988, band turmoil and solo efforts. Before leaving Atlantic, the Rolling Stones released undercover, UK3, US4, in late 1983. Despite good reviews and the top ten peak position of the title track, the record sold below expectations and there was no tour to support it. Subsequently, the Stones' new marketer-slash distributor CBS Records took over distributing the Stones' Atlantic catalog. By this time, the Jagger-slash-Richards rift had grown significantly. Much to the consternation of Richards, Jagger had signed a solo deal with CBS Records, and he spent much of 1984 writing songs for his first solo. He also declared his growing lack of interest in the Rolling Stones. By 1985, Jagger was spending more time on solo recordings, and much of the material on 1980's excess dirty work was generated by Keith Richards, with more contributions by Ronnie Wood than on previous Rolling Stones' albums. The album was recorded in Paris, and Jagger was often absent from the studio, leaving Richards to keep the recording sessions moving forward. In June 1985, Jagger teamed up with David Bowie for Dancing in the Street, which was recorded as part of the Live Aid charity movement. This was one of Jagger's first solo performances, and the song reached number one in the UK, and number seven in the US. In December 1985, the band's co-founder, pianist, road manager and longtime friend Ian Stewart died of a heart attack. The Rolling Stones played a private tribute concert for him at London's 100 Club in February 1986, two days before they were presented with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Dirty Work, UK No And Nbsp. 4, US No And Nbsp. 4, was released in March 1986 to mixed reviews despite the presence of the US top five hit Harlem Shuffle. With relations between Richards and Jagger at an all-time low, Jagger refused to tour to promote the album, and instead undertook his own solo tour, which included Rolling Stones' songs. Richards has referred to this period in his relations with Jagger as World War III. As a result of the animosity within the band during this period, they almost broke up.Jagger's solo records, She's the Boss, UK 6, US 13, 1985, and Primitive Cool, UK 26, US 41, 1987, met with moderate success, and in 1988, with the Rolling Stones mostly inactive. Richards released his first solo album, Talk Is Cheap, UK 37, US 24. It was well received by fans and critics, going gold in the US. 1989-1999, comeback, return to popularity, and record-breaking tours. In early 1989, the Rolling Stones, including Mick Taylor and Ronnie Wood as well as Brian Jones and Ian Stewart, posthumously, were inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.Jagger and Richards set aside animosities and went to work on a new Rolling Stones album that would be called Steel Wheels, UK 2, US 3. Haralded as a return to form, it included the singles Mixed Emotions, US No and NBSP, 5, Rock and a Hard Place, US No and NBSP, 23, and Almost Here You Sigh. The album also included Continental Drift, which the Rolling Stones recorded in Tangier, Morocco in 1989 with the master musicians of Hajuka led by Bakir Adder, coordinated by Tony King and Jury Nutting. ABC documentary film, The Rolling Stones in Morocco, was produced by Nigel Finch. The subsequent Steel Wheels slash urban jungle tours, encompassing North America, Japan and Europe, saw the Rolling Stones touring for the first time in seven years, since Europe 1982, and it was their biggest stage production to date. Opening acts included Living Color and Guns N' Roses, the onstage personnel included a horn section and backup singers Lisa Fisher and Bernard Fowler, both of whom continue to tour regularly with the Rolling Stones. Recordings from the Steel Wheels slash urban jungle tours produced the 1991 concert album Flashpoint, UK 6, US 16, which also included two studio tracks recorded in 1991, the single Highwire and Sex Drive. The tour produced the IMAX concert film Live at the Max released in 1991. These were the last Rolling Stones tours for Bill Wyman, who left the band after years of deliberation, although his retirement was not made official until January 1993. He then published Stone Alone, an autobiography based on scrapbooks and diaries he had been keeping since the band's early days. A few years later he formed Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings and began recording and touring again. After the successes of the Steel Wheels slash urban jungle tours, the band took a break. Charlie Watts released two jazz albums, Ronnie Wood recorded his fifth solo album, the first in 11 years, called Slide on This, Bill Wyman released his fourth solo album, Keith Richards released his second solo album in late 1992, Main Offender, and did a small tour including big concerts in Spain and Argentina. Mick Jagger got good reviews and sales with his third solo album, Wandering Spirit, UK 12, US 11. The album sold more than 2 million copies worldwide, going gold in the US. After Wyman's departure, the Rolling Stones' new distributor slash record label, Virgin Records remastered and repackaged the band's back catalog from sticky fingers to steel wheels, except for the three live albums, and issued another hits compilation in 1993 entitled Jump Back. By 1993 the Rolling Stones set upon their next studio album. Daryl Jones, former sideman of Miles Davis and Sting, was chosen by Charlie Watts as Wyman's replacement for 1994's Voodoo Lounge, UK 1, US 2. The album met strong reviews and sales, going double platinum in the US. Reviewers took note of the album's traditionalist sounds, which were credited to the Rolling Stones' new producer Don Was. Voodoo Lounge would win the Stones' The Grammy Award for Best Rock Album at the 1995 Grammy Awards. 1994 also brought the accompanying Voodoo Lounge tour, which lasted into 1995. The tour grossed $320 million, becoming the world's highest-grossing tour at the time. Numbers from various concerts and rehearsals, mostly acoustic, made up stripped, UK 9, US 9, which featured a cover of Bob Dylan's Like a Rolling Stone, as well as infrequently played songs like Shine a Light, Sweet Virginia and The Spider and the Fly. On September 8, 1994, the Rolling Stones performed their new song Love Is Strong as well as Start Me Up at the 1994 MTV Video Music Awards at Radio City Music Hall in New York. The band received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the ceremony. The Rolling Stones were the first major recording artists to broadcast a concert over the Internet, a 20-minute video was broadcast on November 18, 1994 using them bone at 10 frames per second. The broadcast, engineered by Thinking Pictures and financed by Sun Microsystems, was one of the first demonstrations of streaming video, while it was not a true webcast, it introduced many to the technology. The Rolling Stones ended the 1990s with the album Bridges to Babylon, UK 6, US 3, released in 1997 to mixed reviews. The video of the single Anybody Seen My Baby, featured Angelina Jolie as guest and met steady rotation on both MTV and VH1. Sales were reasonably equivalent to those of previous records, about 1.2 and NBSP, million copies sold in the US, and the subsequent Bridges to Babylon tour, which crossed Europe, North America and other destinations, proved the band to be a strong live attraction. Once again, a live album was culled from the tour, No Security, UK 67, US 34, only this time all but two songs, Live With Me and The Last Time, were previously unreleased on live albums. In 1999, the Rolling Stones staged the No Security tour in the US and continued the Bridges to Babylon tour in Europe. 2011, a bigger bang and continued success. In late 2001, Mick Jagger released his fourth solo album, Goddess in the Doorway, UK 44, US 39, which met with mixed reviews. A month after the September 11 attacks, Jagger and Richards took part in the concert for New York City, performing Salt of the Earth and Miss You with a backing band. In 2002, the band released 40 licks, UK 2, US 2, a greatest hits double album, to mark their 40 years as a band. The collection contained four new songs recorded with the latter-day core band of Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood, Level and Jones. The album has sold more than 7 million copies worldwide. The same year, Q Magazine named the Rolling Stones as one of the 50 bands to see before you die, and the 2002-2003 licks tour gave people that chance. The tour included shows in small theatres. The band headlined the Malson Canadian Rocks for Toronto concert in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to help the city which they have used for rehearsals since the Steel Wheels tour recover from the 2003 SARS epidemic. The concert was attended by an estimated 490,000 people. On November 9, 2003, the band played their first concert in Hong Kong as part of the Harbour Fest celebration, also in support of the SARS affected economy. In November 2003, the band exclusively licensed the right to sell their new 4 DVD boxed set, 4 Flicks, recorded on the band's most recent world tour, to the US Best Buy chain of stores. In response, some Canadian and US music retail chains, including HMV Canada and Circuit City, pulled Rolling Stones CDs and related merchandise from their shelves and replaced them with signs explaining the situation. In 2004, a double live album of the licks tour, Live Licks, UK 38, US 50, was released, going gold in the US.In November 2004, the Rolling Stones were among the inaugural inductees into the UK Music Hall of Fame. On July 26, 2005, Jagger's Birthday, the band announced the name of their new album, A Bigger Bang, UK 2, US 3, their first album in almost eight years. A Bigger Bang was released on September 6 to strong reviews, including a glowing write-up in Rolling Stone magazine. The single Streets of Love reached the top 15 in the UK. The album included the political suite Neocon, a criticism of American neoconservatism from Jagger. The song was reportedly almost dropped from the album because of objections from Richards. When asked if he was afraid of political backlash such as the Dixie Chicks had endured, Richards responded that the album came first, and that, I don't want to be sidetracked by some little political storm in a teacup. The subsequent A Bigger Bang tour began in August 2005, and visited North America, South America and East Asia. In February 2006, the group played the halftime show of Super Bowl XL in Detroit, Michigan. By the end of 2005, the Bigger Bang tour set a record of $162 and NBSP, million in gross receipts, breaking the North American mark also set by the Rolling Stones 1994. On February 18, 2006 the band played a free concert to over one million people at the Copacabana Beach in Rio de Janeiro, one of the biggest rock concerts of all time. After performances in Japan, China, Australia and New Zealand in March-April 2006, the Rolling Stones tour took a scheduled break before proceeding to Europe, during this break Keith Richards was hospitalised in New Zealand for cranial surgery after a fall from a tree on Fiji, where he had been on holiday. The incident led to a six-week delay in launching the European leg of the tour. In June 2006 it was reported that Ronnie Wood was continuing his programme of rehabilitation for alcohol abuse, but this did not affect the rearranged European tour schedule. Two out of the 21 shows scheduled for July-September 2006 were later cancelled due to Mick Jagger's throat problems. The Rolling Stones returned to North America for concerts in September 2006, and returned to Europe on June 5, 2007. By November 2006, the Bigger Bang tour had been declared the highest-grossing tour of all time. The Rolling Stones' performances at New York City's Beacon Theatre on October 29 and November 1, 2006 were filmed by Martin Scorsese for a documentary film, Shine a Light, which was released in 2008. The film also features guest appearances by Buddy Guy, Jack White and Christina Aguilera. An accompanying soundtrack, also titled Shine a Light, UK 2, US 11, was released in April 2008. The album's debut at number two in the UK charts was the highest position for a Rolling Stones concert album since Get Ya Ya's Out. The Rolling Stones in Concert in 1970. At the Beacon Theatre show, music executive, Ahmet Erdogan fell and ultimately succumbed to his injury. On March 24, 2007, the band announced a tour of Europe called the Bigger Bang 2007 tour. June 12, 2007 saw the release of the band's second four-disc DVD set, The Biggest Bang, a seven-hour document featuring their shows in Austin, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Tomah, Shanghai and Buenos Aires, along with extras. On June 10, 2007, the band performed their first gig at a festival in 30 years, at the Isle of White Festival, to a crowd of 65,000, and were joined on stage by Amy Winehouse. On August 26, 2007, they played their last concert of the Bigger Bang tour at the O2 Arena in London. At the conclusion of the tour, the band had grossed a record-setting $5.58 and NBSP, million and were listed in the latest edition of Guinness World Records. Mick Jagger released a compilation of his solo work called The Very Best of Mick Jagger, UK 57, US 77, including three unreleased songs, on October 2, 2007. On November 12, 2007, Abco released Rolled Gold, The Very Best of the Rolling Stones, UK 26, a double CD remake of the 1975 compilation Rolled Gold. In a 2007 interview with Mick Jagger after nearly two years of touring, Jagger refused to say when the band is going to retire, I'm sure the Rolling Stones will do more things, more records, and more tours, we've got no plans to stop any of that, really. As far as I'm concerned, I'm sure we'll continue. In March 2008 Keith Richards sparked rumors that a new Rolling Stones studio album may be forthcoming, saying during an interview following the premiere of Shine a Light, I think we might make another album. Once we get overdoing promotion on this film. Drummer Charlie Watts remarked that he got ill whenever he stopped working. In July 2008 it was announced that the Rolling Stones were leaving Emmy and signing with Vivendi's Universal Music, taking with them their catalog stretching back to his sticky fingers. New music released by the band while under this contract will be issued through Universal's Polydor label. Mercury Records will hold the US rights to the pre-1994 material, while the post-1994 material will be handled by Interscope Records, once a subsidiary of Atlantic. During the autumn, Mick Jagger and Keith Richards worked with producer Don was to add new vocals and guitar parts to ten unfinished songs from the exile on main ST sessions. Jagger and Mick Taylor also did a session together in London where Taylor added lead guitar to what would be the expanded album single, Plundered My Soul. On April 17, 2010, the band released a limited edition 7-inch vinyl single of the previously unreleased track Plundered My Soul in honour of Record Store Day. The track, part of the group's 2010 reissue of exile on main ST, was combined with all down the line as its b-side. The band appeared at Conn Festival for the premiere of the documentary Stones in Exile, directed by Stephen Kijak, about the recording of the album Exile on main ST.On May 23, the reissue of Exile on main ST reached No and Nbsp, one in the UK charts, almost 38 years to the week after it first occupied that position, with the band becoming the first act ever to see a classic work return to No and Nbsp, one decades after it was first released. In the US, the album re-entered the charts at No and Nbsp, too. On October 11, 2010, the Stones released Ladies and Gentlemen, the Rolling Stones to the cinemas and later on to DVD. A digitally remastered version of the film was shown in select cinemas across the United States. This live performance was recorded during four shows in Fort Worth and Houston, Texas in support of their The Rolling Stones American Tour 1972 and their album Exile on main ST. The film was released to cinemas in 1974 but until now it was never available for home release apart from the numerous bootleg copies. On October 4, 2011, the Stones released The Rolling Stones, Some Girls Live in Texas 78 to the cinemas and later on to DVD. A digitally remastered version of the film was shown in select cinemas across the US. This live performance was recorded during one show in F.T. Worth, Texas in support of their US Tour 1978 and their album Some Girls. The film was released in, DVD slash Blu-ray disc, on November 15, 2011. On November 21, the Stones reissued their 1978 album Some Girls as a two CD deluxe edition with a second CD of 12 previously unreleased tracks, except So Young, which was a B-side to Out of Tears, from the sessions for Some Girls, like the 2010 reissue of Exile on main ST, with mostly newly recorded vocals from Jagger. 2012–present, 50th anniversary and covers album The Rolling Stones celebrated their 50th anniversary in the summer of 2012 by releasing a large hardback book titled 50. A new take on the band's lip and tongue logo, designed by Shepard Ferry, was also released and used during the celebrations. The documentary titled Crossfire Hurricane, directed by Brett Morgan, was released in October 2012. Approximately 50 hours of interviews were conducted by Morgan for use for the documentary, including interviews with Bill Wyman and Mick Taylor, which Morgan says are the most extensive group interviews they've ever done. This would be the first official career-spanning documentary since 1989's 25X5, The Continuing Adventures of the Rolling Stones, which was filmed for their 25th anniversary in 1988. A new compilation album, Ger, was released on November 12, available in four different formats and including two new tracks, Doom and Gloom and one more shot, which were recorded at Studio Guillaume Tell in Paris, France, within the last few weeks of August 2012. The album debuted at number 3 in the UK and number 19 in the US and went to sell over 2 million copies worldwide.The music video for Doom and Gloom featuring Numi Rapace was released on November 20. On November 25, 2012, The Stones commenced their 50 and counting, tour at London's O2 Arena, where they were joined by Jeff Beck. At their second show in London on November 29 the group were joined on stage by Eric Clapton and Florence Welch. Their third anniversary concert took place on December 8 at the Barclays Center, Brooklyn, New York.The last two dates were at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey on 13 and December 15, and the band were joined by Bruce Springsteen and Blues rock band The Black Keys on the final night.They also played two songs at 12-12-12, the concert for Sandy Relief. The Stones played 19 shows in the US in spring 2013, before playing three shows in England, one at Glastonbury Festival 2013 and two in Hyde Park, London. On Richard Bacon's BBC Radio 5 live show on April 3, 2013 it was announced that The Stones would hold a concert in Hyde Park as part of their 50th anniversary celebrations, although unlike their 1969 performance in the park it would not be free, tickets being £95 each.Jaggar quipped, I'll try and keep the poetry to a minimum, and remarked, in respect of the white dress that he wore for the 1969 concert, I can still just about get into the zippers. Richards announced April 9, 2013 on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon that Mick Taylor would be performing with the band for shows on the 50 and counting, tour. The Rolling Stones made their Glastonbury debut, headlining on Saturday June 29, 2013. Hyde Park Live, a live album recorded at Hyde Park on 6 and July 13, 2013, was released exclusively as a digital download through iTunes on July 22, 2013 and peaked at number 16 in the UK and number 19 in the US. A live DVD, Sweet Summer Sun, live in Hyde Park, was released on November 11, 2013. In February 2014, the band embarked on their 14-on-fire tour spanning Middle East, Asia, Australia and Europe due to last until summer 2014. On March 17, 2014, the sudden death in New York City of L. Wren Scott, the longtime girlfriend-slash-partner of Jaggar, was reported by various news sources as the Rolling Stones were in Australia preparing for their first show in Perth. It was announced on their website that those shows were cancelled for that reason, and would be rescheduled at a later date. On April 15, 2014, the band announced that they had rescheduled their Australian tour to start at the newly revamped Adelaide Oval on October 25. On June 4, 2014, the Rolling Stones performed for the first time in Israel with the Haaretz newspaper going as far as describing the concert as being historic with a capital H. In February 2016, the Rolling Stones embarked on their Latin American tour. On March 25, the band played a bonus show, a free open-air concert in Havana, Cuba. On June 3, 2016, the Rolling Stones released, totally stripped, an expanded and reconceived edition of stripped, available in multiple formats. On July 28, 2016, the Rolling Stones announced that their historic concert on March 25, 2016 in Cuba had been commemorated in the film Havana Moon, which premiered on September 23, 2016 for one night only in more than a thousand theaters worldwide. On December 2, 2016, the band released its latest blues cover album Blue and Lonesome. During its first week the album moved 106,000 sales to debut at number one on the UK albums chart, the second highest opening salesweek for an album in the UK in 2016. It also debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 with 123,000 album equivalent units, of which 120,000 were pure album sales. It was a commercial success upon release, having sold over 1,600,000 units worldwide as of January 31, 2017. The album consists of 12 blues covers of artists such as Howlin' Wolf, Jimmy Reed and Little Walter. Eric Clapton also helped with two of the songs and the recording was made in British Grove Studios in West London on December 2015. On December 12, 2016, it was announced the first Rolling Stones concert date scheduled for 2017, on June 24 at the Stade de France in Paris, France and a possible concert tour of France in 2017. Musical Development The Rolling Stones are notable in modern popular music for assimilating various musical genres into their own collective sound. Throughout the band's career, their musical contributions have been marked by a continual reference and reliance on musical styles including blues, rhythm and blues, country, folk, reggae, dance, and world music, exemplified by Jones' collaboration with the master musicians of Hajjoka, as well as traditional English styles that use stringed instrumentation like harps. Brian Jones experimented with the use of non-traditional instruments such as the sitar and slide guitar in their early days. The group started out covering early rock and roll and blues songs, and have never stopped playing live or recording cover songs. Infusion of American Blues Jagger and Richards shared an admiration of Jimmy Reid, Muddy Waters and Little Walter, and their interest influenced Brian Jones, of whom Richards says, he was more into T-Bone Walker and jazz blues stuff. We'd turn him on to Chuck Berry and say, look, it's all the same shit, man, and you can do it. Charlie Watts, a traditional jazz drummer, was also introduced to the blues through his association with the pair. Keith and Brian turned me on to Jimmy Reid and people like that. I learned that Earl Phillips was playing on those records like a jazz drummer, playing swing, with a straight four. Jagger, recalling when he first heard the likes of Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Muddy Waters, Fats Domino and other major American R&B artists, said it seemed the most real thing he had heard up to that point. Similarly, Keith Richards, describing the first time he listened to Muddy Waters, said it was the most powerful music he had ever heard and NBSP, the most expressive. He also stated, when you think of some dopey, spotty 17-year-old from Dartford, who wants to be Muddy Waters and there were a lot of us in a way, very pathetic, but in another way, very, heartwarming. Early Songwriter Despite the Rolling Stones' pre-delection for blues and R&B numbers on their early live set lists, the first original compositions by the band reflected a more wide-ranging interest. The first Jagger-slash-Richards single, Tell Me, You're Coming Back, has been described by critic Richie Unterberger as a pop-rock ballad and NBSP. When Jagger and Richards began to write songs, they were usually not derived from the blues, but were often surprisingly fae, slow, merzy-type pop numbers. As tears go by, the ballad originally written for Marianne Faithful, was one of the first songs written by Jagger and Richards and also one of many written by the duo for other artists. Jagger said of the song, �It�s a relatively mature song considering the rest of the output at the time.� And we didn�t think of recording it, because the Rolling Stones were a Butch Blues group. The Rolling Stones did later record a version which became a top five hit in the US. On the early experience, Richards said, �The amazing thing is that although Mick and I thought these songs were really pure ill and kindergarten time, everyone that got put out made a decent showing in the charts.� That gave us extraordinary confidence to carry on, because at the beginning songwriter was something we were going to do in order to say to Andrew Luke Oldham, �Well, at least we gave it a try and NBSP.� Jagger said, �We were very pop-orientated. We didn�t sit around listening to muddy waters, we listened to everything. In some ways it�s easy to write to order around NBSP.� Keith and I got into the groove of writing those kind of tunes, they were done in ten minutes. I think we thought it was a bit of a laugh, and it turned out to be something of an apprenticeship for us. The writing of the last time, �The Rolling Stones� first major single, proved a turning point.� Richards called it a bridge into thinking about writing for the Stones. It gave us a level of confidence, a pathway of how to do it. The song was based on a traditional gospel song popularized by the Staple Singers, but �The Rolling Stones� number features a distinctive guitar riff, played by Brian Jones. Prior to the emergence of Jagger-slash Richards as the Stones� songwriters, the band members occasionally were given collective credit under the pseudonym Nanker-Felch. Some songs attributed to Nanker-Felch have been re-attributed to Jagger-slash Richards.