 Good afternoon everyone. We are going to present to you the Anudino which is a low-cost equivalent of the Arduino. First of all, I will introduce myself and my team members. I am Parishmita, Ms. Chandana, Yush, Samreth and Harish. We would like to thank all our mentors for their constant support and guidance throughout these two months. The overview of the project, we first created a repository of hardware interfacing using the Anudino board. After that, we went on to developing a relatively low-cost home automation system using this board. We want to release a book for learners with some detailed instructions about the Anudino board. The book is already under processing. The experiments have been documented and it's going to be released soon. This is the book which is going to be released. What is Arduino? Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform. Lots of Arduino-enabled boards are available in the market already. The most common one being Arduino Uno. This is the board. People from the electronics background have already used this extensively to develop various projects. Now, what is Anudino then? It is a micro-sized Arduino-enabled USB board. It's very low-cost compared to Arduino. It uses 80 tiny, 85 microcontroller and the familiar Arduino ID is used for its programming. This is the board. Now, we will see the differences between Arduino and Anudino. First and foremost, the most important point is the cost. Arduino costs around 1500 and Anudino has been developed at less than Rs. Rs. 100, around 80 Rs. Person starting in the world of electronics, it's not practical for the person to buy a 1500 board and then start off with the project. So, it's better for the person to buy just 80 Rs. board to start off in this world, to interface devices. So, that is the first and foremost difference. Next comes memory. Anudino has a memory of 8 kb. 2 kb of it is occupied by its boot loader. So, 6 kb is remaining for its programming purpose. Arduino has a memory of 32 kb from which 5 kb is occupied by the boot loader. Anudino has 8 pins out of which 6 are IO pins and 2 are VCCN ground. Arduino on the other hand has 32 pins out of which 23 IO pins are available. From this difference, it is clear that Arduino, it's quite easy to interface devices with Arduino. It has lots of pins, lots of memory. But, we have successfully interfaced a large number of devices with the Anudino. This is our interfacing board. We've interfaced LEDs. The intensity of the LEDs can be changed using the potentiometer. This is the piezoelectric sensor. This is the relay, the servo motor, the photocell, the hall effect sensor, the thermistor, push button. So, these are the basic elements that have been interfaced. This is the Arduino experiment board that we used. After interfacing the basic sensors and motors, we went on to establish various communication equipment with the Anudino. I will pass on to Chandana to explain about the experiment. After interfacing the environmental sensors and motors and motion detectors, we explored the wireless communication devices. This is the Bluetooth module HC06. As you have all used Bluetooth, you know that it's used to control devices through wireless communication. Our primitive experiment was to control an LED to switch it on, off and flash it. Then, we used LM35 sensor to record the temperature measurements and display it on the blue term app that is already available on Play Store. This is the DHT11 module which displays the dew point humidity and temperature. Next is ZigBee module. This is an RF module that works at 2.4 gigahertz frequency. This is a co-ordinator XB at the microcontroller and then there's a router XB. Again, we used it to control an LED. GSM. We interfaced GSM module as well. There's a great challenge with this because it occupies a lot of memory as Anudino doesn't have hardware serial possible with it. GSM module is just like a mobile, for a mobile operator, you insert the SIM and you can send and receive SMSs through that. What we did was to switch it on at home and, I mean switch on an LED at home and send an acknowledgement to the user to his mobile. A GPS. GPS stands for Global Positioning System and GPS modules are used everywhere for navigation purposes, distance measurements and vehicle monitoring and that. We tried to obtain the values of longitudes and latitudes, places and display and again we used a Bluetooth module to display. RFID Reader. RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification Device. Basically, each user has a unique identification number. The RFID tag has an RFID chip in it and the RFID Reader sends carrier signals and the modulator impinges the data commands on it generated by an oscillator and the RFID tag detects the radiations and then sends back the signals which is demodulated by the modulator on the RFID Reader. So it detects the tag number. These are used in various places such as companies to monitor the entry and exit of persons and to allow access only to the authorized people. It's also used in various farms. So what we did was to display the RFID tag based upon this we can develop various experiments. Axelometer. Axelometer can be used in various gesture controlled robots and for gaming purposes. We just try to calibrate the axelometer and obtain the accelerations of X, Y and Z axis through Anodino. We have also interface the 7-segment display using the Anodino. We have used the 7447 decoder for this purpose. 7-segment displays are nowadays widely used in many applications and especially students find them very useful in their projects. So they need not use Arduino in every case to drive the 7-segment display. It can be done using the Anodino board. We have tried to show that. The DC motor. We have interface two DC motors with the Anodino board. DC motors are nowadays widely used for by the students to develop robots. Making robots is now a craze in students. So we interface two DC motors using the Anodino board. As you already told, various sensors can also be interfaced with the Anodino. So the Anodino has the power to drive a complete robot. Automation. All the experiments we have done with all the experiments here to show the power of Anodino. We have also developed a room automation project using the simple board. The medium of communication that we have used is the infrared. Various home automation systems already exist in the market and they use Zigbee, Bluetooth etc. but it's very costly. So we have done it with the simple 80 rupees Anodino board and the medium of communication is the infrared which is very cheap. Again, one major advantage of our system is that we have developed readymade modules as can be seen here. They can be directly plugged into 3 pin plugs. So many times when people install the automation systems, they have to call an electrician who tampers with the wires he has to do the wiring and all the stuff. These 3 pin models we can directly plug into the 3 pin plugs and they'll work for devices like ACs, TVs, anything. The working will be demonstrated by somebody. As you can see, this is just a sample of a room in which you have a number of appliances that require to be interfaced using a single application. So in that application you can add as many modules as you want and each module is given a unique address. So through which you can activate any modules found in the room. So I would just, these are the hardware requirements. Actually I relate to activate any module, voltage regulator, batteries and along with this we need the Anodino board. So the cost of entire thing is quite lesser than using the conventional Arduino board. I have got a question at this point. When you are putting the circuit into the power itself, why you required the extra external battery to operate on? Yeah, actually we had tried it using adapters as well. Actually we had tried it. Why didn't you add a SMPS in between and get it processed? Yeah, actually we wanted to make the module more or less this. So for which if we used the SMPS it could not fit inside. So for the purpose of demo we had used an external battery. But it required different hardware. Yeah, it requires to be... For getting the power from this socket and pushing it to your circuit. Second thing when you add on the external battery, the life of that circuit will entirely depend upon the life of the battery. Yeah, like we wanted to redo it but since we wanted to show it just for a demo we had used a battery. Actually we had given the same, we had thought about same thing. And this is the block diagram of what we have done is the room automation. We have an application in user's tablet or mobile which is connected to the server. So we can send either commands to turn on or turn off a device, add a device, delete a device, anything in this application which is connected to the server. That server is connected to the client's home PC which is connected to the master module. The master module is the one that sends commands received from the computer to the slave module. And the commands are received through serial communication. That clients, I have written laptop or PC, it can be, this is just done to show here but it can be either a single board computer like Raspberry Pi and so on. We have not used it. But the server is mandatory, server is needed for executing all this. Actually we wanted to expand this for multiple rooms. But see when we are saying that we are reducing the cost to 80 rupees or 100 rupees on the interfacing circuit, if you add on the cost of the server bandwidth and other parameter, the ultimate product acceptability and the ecosystem logistic will all again go into the luxury lid segment. So whether the server is mandatory or we can get rid of the server and get the connectivity by some other way. If we want to access from our mobile phones, which we have to get connected through a network to the local, without any network we can't send data. So the master module sends commands to the slave and the slaves sends an acknowledgement to say if it is turned on or turned off. And we, so the communication between the master and slave is through infrared and as you all know wireless communications are usually done with digital modulations. So we have employed PWM for communicating between the master and the slave and for such a communication the master sends packets of data, I mean frames of data and the frame follows a protocol which is little similar to the RC5 protocol. And the acknowledgement travels in the reverse direction. You have got lot of receiving modules available in the home. They are being identified by unique number or something you have told, correct? So whether they are IP addresses or whether they are your own numbers or mapping things. Each module has a controller inside and we know controller. The controller will encoder with the address. Hardcoded? Yeah. So we have used four hex bits which means the first three bits are used for addresses, three digits. So three hex digits correspond to 12 bit binary address. They are not configurable. They are not configurable. They are hardcoded. Then address is hardcoded. It is not configurable. It can be made configurable from the, from the. Because I am just imagining a system everybody has got it is in home. So the numbers will exceed very soon. Yeah. As of now we have used 12 bits and expanded further to 32 bits which kind of assessment has 4 billion devices. If we use 32 bits. But still hardcoded is not a good strategy. Yeah. Okay. This is the module. We may now pass it to Samrit to continue. This is the slave module which we have prepared. The image shows the front view of it. The back end of it has three male pins which directly go to the wall socket. In the front end we can connect any electrical appliance like refrigerator, laptop charges or anything. The slave module also, the slave module as you can see has a TSOP receivers to receive the IR signals from the master module and it also has an IR transmitter to transmit the acknowledgement back to the master module whether the appliance has been turned off or on. This is the internal circuitry of the slave module. This is the master module which we have prepared. The master module similar to the slave module also has an IR transmitter and an IR receiver. The transmitter will transmit instructions to the slave module in the form of PWM signals and the receiver will receive the corresponding acknowledgement back from the slave. The master module is connected to the home PC or laptop through USB. This is also the internal circuitry of the master module. The circuitry of master and slave are pretty much the same. Now, coming to the limitations of our project, the first limitation is the line of sight problem. As you know, the IR transmitter needs to be pointed directly to the IR receiver to make it work. As such, if we employ this kind of automation in a room, then if a room suppose has multiple wall sockets, suppose it has two three wall sockets at different locations, then the master module needs to have two three transmitter all pointing to that direction. This is one of the limitations. Again, another limitation is the transmission distance issue. IR can only give a range of about 30 feet. Our setup which we have developed, it works well for about 15 to 20 feet but above that the liability gets very low. So, these are two things which we are planning to fix and we will overcome these problems in our future enhancements. How we will do that? Piyush will explain now. Talking about the future enhancements, the first one is the multiple slave modules. Right now, we have just shown two slave modules but as we said, we have a 12 bit device that corresponds to 2 S to 12 devices. So, for 2 S to 12 devices, it can be operated. We have just shown it for 2 right now. Longer transmission range and reception range. As I said, right now it's just working for 15 to 20 feet but through some hardware modifications, it can be easily extended to about 30 feet and I guess that will automate any room. The concept of repeaters now, what we have done right now is a room automation system. If it does not automate any room, all 5 star orders are more than 30 feet long. We can make, at max, we can get 30 feet. In case the room is bigger than that, like suppose this hall. But suppose there are walls and obstacles in between them, the concept of repeaters can be used, it goes in the future enhancement. The repeaters will be simple modules which will contain just IR transmitters and receivers. They will serve the purpose of receiving the IR from one room and transmitting it to the other room. This will solve the line of sight problem. So, we can extend the room automation to a complete home automation. Then goes the check status signals. We have connected a check status LED on these modules which will indicate to the user whether his device is on or off and he can check it anytime wherever he is in the world. And the concept of universal remote. What we have done right now is developed our own protocol for IR transmission and reception. But for controlling devices like TVs and ECs, they have their own protocol. So, if we know their protocol and feed it in the master, all types of devices can be automated. Now, we will go with the demo now.