 وأقول في القرآن ما جاءت به آياته فهو الكاريم المنزال وأقول قال الله جل جلاله والمصطف الهدي ولا أتأول الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على أشرف الأنبياء والمرسلين سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين له بيحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد الأفعال were in bab al-af'al in the sharah of al-ajrumiah we're talking about aqsam al-af'ali وحكمها we're going to talk about the types of verb there are and its rulings ابن آج الرامية هي سيز الأفعال ثلاثة the af'al are three so there's three types of verbs in the Arabic language how many? there are three الأفعال ثلاثة ماضن ومضارع وأمر the first one is ماضن ماضن means فعل it means فعل which is ماضي which is past tensed it's a past tense مضارع is a present tense verb what is a مضارع? a مضارع is a present tense verb we'll speak more about that in details and the third one is وآمر أمر and an example of all of them ابن آج الرامية he gives it to you ضارابا ويضرب وضرب ضارابا means hit past tense ويضرب ويضرب وضرب it's a command so those are the three tenses and how it looks like I wrote it on the board for you the way that it looks so he said الماضي المضارع and الأمر these are the three types and I'll speak about this in details now بإذن الله الكريم but first of all let's define each of those tenses what they are what is a ماضي look at the شرح of محمد محديل عبد الحميد in his شرح تحفة سنية he says وقولوا ينقسم الفعل إلى ثلاثة أقسامة I say that the verb is categorized into three I say that the verb is categorized into three القسم الأولو the first type is الماضي the past tense و هو and the ماضي is ما يدلو that which indicates and shows على حصول شيء the occurrence of something قبل زمن التكلومي before the time of speech before this person spoke something that happened for example when I said ضرابة the hitting that I'm speaking about happened before my speech نحو like ضرابة و نصارة ضرابة means hit و نصارة gave victory فتحة opened عليما new حسيبة thought كاروما و ند all of them are what all of them are past tense and if you look at محمد محديل عبد الحميد the examples that he brought they are the three types of ماضي that they are فعالة فعيلة and فعولة ضرابة و نصارة فتحة that's the first type عليما حسيبة they both are the second type and the third type is كاروما those are فع الماضي and what the types of forms that they come in شاء الله we will speak about that in where صرف in شاء الله فعيلة فعولة we will speak about that in what صرف ماضي is what it is what occurs before the time of speech before the speech actually happened before the speech was said or done the thing that happened before it is called ماضي مضارع is what مضارع و القسم الثاني and the second type المضارع is the فع المضارع و هو and it is مادل على حصول شيء the occurrence of something في زمان تكلومي at the time of speech it's happening when you're talking about it أو بعده or after it أو بعده means after it a little bit و لذلك مضارع does it show نوع من الاستقبال اما نوع من التنفيس they does it just a close future they does و لذلك there are الدوات there are external letters that if they go before the فع المضارع they force it to be what past and you can also make it become what future and even if there's no external الدوات they enter it there is some when you say I'm going to put my trousers on for example what is it going to be it may not necessarily be you started it yet it may still be in the wardrobe but it's a future slightly أو بعده نحو like يبدريب و ينصر و يفتح و يعلم و يحسب و يكروم all of the marzies that he brought he bought them in a moodaria that is what it means القسمة الثالثة or the third type of verbs is الامر of the command وهو it is ما يطلب به حصول كل شيء it is the requesting of something to occur بعد زمان التكلم after the speech after the talking it has this requesting for you to do something for something to occur after the speech such as نحو إضرب ونصر و يفتح و يعلم و يحسب و يكروم those are the examples he gave هذا المحمد محيدي العبد الحبيس سيز و قد ذكرنا لك في أول الكتاب هذا التقسيم و ذكرنا لك معه علامات كل قسم من هذه الأقسم الثلاثة he said all of these types we've already told you about it in the beginning of the book صح و he spoke about it و when he said الكلام هو اللفظ المركب المفيد بالوضع و أقسمه ثلاثة اسم و حرف جاء اللي معنى صح اسم و فعل و حرف جاء اللي معنى و he spoke about it there and he said I gave you all the signs pertaining to that and he spoke about it in details أحكام الفعل now now we're going to go into the أحكام of the فعل what is the أحكام of the فعل قال فالماضي مفتوح الأخير أبدأ الماضي is always مفتوح what is the ماضي so look at the book the ماضي is مفتوح الأخير أبدأ in other words this is the same مفتوح الأخير أبدأ it means that the ماضي is always مبنيون على الفتح البناء على الفتح remember when we were speaking about that which we do إعراب of we said the اسماء are three types مظهر مضمر مبهم which ones are the ones we do إعراب of only the مظهر we don't do إعراب of ممر and we don't do إعراب of مبهم what about the أفعال when we were speaking about the verbs what did we say the only verb that we do إعراب of is which one فعل مضارع if there's no new talking no newness we're not connected to it so the فعل مابي and the فعل أمر we said they are always what مبني there you go now you're seeing it okay brothers question now question if we see a فعل مضارع what's the أصلة فعل مضارع no what's the أصلة فعل مضارع بنا or إعراب إعراب if you see a فعل مضارع that's مبني does the person have the right to ask you why because it's not funny good what about if you see now we understand the فعل مضارع is what the أصلة فعل مضارع is what إعراب right and the بنا is not the أصل right so the person has the right to ask you why is it not funny pay attention here now what's the أصلة فعل مضارع is it فتح سكون كسرة ضم which is the أصل فتح is the أصل what's the أصل of بنا which is the أصل for the بنا the سكون is the أصل of the بنا if anything is مبنيون على الفتح and مبنيون على ضم and مبنيون على كس there's a discussion can open but the أصل is مبنيون على السكون we'll speak more about this whether this is a discussion in the متممة الأجرومي inshallah but the ماضي is مبنيون على الفتح for example look at ضارع بق the بق has a فتح on it ناصراء و سنتبهف دراه فتح سنتبهف زيزة فتح و لسه يوضع فهي البناع على الفتح هل يوضع؟ فهي الماضي always what الماضي is مفتوح الأخير أبدا والأمر مجزوم أبدا و الأمر is always what مجزوم مجزوم البناع و على ما يجزومه به مضارع عليكم سلام ما هو it جزم المضارع المضارع is مجزوم with what سكون and what حذف حذف حرف إلا the same whatever you used to do to the مضارع in إعراب is what you do to the فعل و لذلك this is why some of the grammarians some of them they actually said some of the grammarians what do they say they said that the فعل أمر is actually a part of the مضارع because of this we'll have that discussion in another time and another place now we're going to go into the one big which is والمضارع والمضارع ما كان في أولي إحدى الزوائد والمضارع والمضارع مضارع is the ماضي that you had you add a زوائد why do they call it a زوائد what does a زوائد mean زوائد is ذائدة is when something is an additional زوائد actually means additional extra does that make sense so you have the word ضربة for example what do you have the reason why he's saying is زوائد is because فعل ماضي is the default position anything that's added onto it is زائدة when you look at the اشتقاك and the asr of the word this is what you do so for example look what you write you write the word ضربة ضربة what do you write you write ضربة am I making sense what happens you add زوائد الأربع what are the additional letters in front of it what are the additional letters that you add in front of it ألف نون يا أنت what do you say together أنيتو أنيتو أضربو يضربو تضربو صح those four are called what what are those four called those four are called زوائد الأربع they are called what الزوائد الأربع the four additionals that's what the مضارع is now if somebody asks you how do you know that مضارع you say that و المضارع ما كان في أوله إحدى الزوائد الأربع التي يجمعها قولك أنيتو an acronym for it is a what أنيتو and it is also it's مرفوع always the فعل مضارع what's the default position of the فعل مضارع الرفع that's why what would we say if it's منصوب when we say فعل مضارع are we together the أصل is the فعل مضارع يضربو أضربو نضربو that's what we say و لذلك what do you say مرفوع و علامة ورفعه أضمت وظاهرة أخري لتهجر وديه من الناصب والجازمي you see the ناصب and the جازم are additionals they take it from its أصل when they're not there the default position the أصل is at its مرفوع حتى يدخل عليه ناصب أو جازم he said it to you there unless أدوات الجزمي and what are the other أدوات النصبي أنا الجزمي we're going to speak about it soon we're going to speak about it soon let's now go into the كلام of محمد محدين عبد الحميد رحمه الله he said أحكام الفعلي let's read ابن عجر رامية وهي سنة و المضارع ما كان في أول إحدى الزوائد الأربع التي يجمعها و هو مرفوع أبدا حتى يدخل عليه ناصب أو جازم و أقول I will say محمد حدين عبد الحميد سينس و أقول I will say بعد أم بينا المصنف after the author explain و على الفعلي the types of verbs شراعه he went into في بياني أحكام كل نوع منها he went into explaining شراع ميزوات a خاضة he indulged أحكام كل نوع all the different types منها from them فحكم الفعلي الماضي the what the ruling of the فعلي الماضي is البناء و على الفتح that it's مبني على الفتح وهذا الفتح إما ظاهر و إما مقدر oh he added something onto it now that the ماضي the بناء the way that it shows is either ظاهر or it is what it is مقدر and the مقدر we already touched on that before did we not do we did it the مقدر is how many types it is 3 types the مقدر it is 3 types the ظاهر is ظاهر like the one نصراء فتح ظارباء هاية فتح all of those are what بي الظاهر but the مقدر is which ones which ones which one which one where are they where are they they are حروف العلة when it's at the ending right when حروف العلة is at the ending so the first one we said it is التعظر المناسبة أنا دفع الكراهية صح it's دفع الكراهة صح لتوالي أربع حركات صح جميل so it's دفع الكراهة to remove the disliked we're going to speak about it we're going to speak about it soon بإذن الله الكريم we're going to come to it soon فحكم الفعل الماضي the ruling of a فعل الماضي is البناء وعلى الفتح it is to place بناء on it as a فتح وهذا الفتح the فتح is always on it always but it's either what ظاهره مقدر أسد either you can see that and it's explicit which is ظاهر or it is what مقدر which is implicit مقدر means what you can't see it it's there but you can't see it أما الفتح he's now going to go into it ففي الصحيح الأخر الذي لم يتصل به وعول جماعة ولا ضمير رفع المتحرك وكذلك في كل ما كان أخر هو أو يا النحو أكرم وقدم وسافرة ونحو سافرة زينب وحاضر السعاد ونحو رضية وشقي ونحو سرورة سرو سرو واباذوا الشيخ ل how he goes into it he says أما الفتح ظاهر ask for the first type of the بناء على الفتح is showing which is a ظاهر the explicit one ففي الصحيح الأخر it is the letter which is what it is صحيح الأخر in other words at the end of the word there is not what any حروف علا there's no there's no حروف علا very good let me give you guys a diagram first do you know I have a tissue no no no no no no no no pay attention here brothers what do we need of what right such as like and then we have here المقدر التعذر such as رمع we have التعذر because like فهمتو yeah صحفي نصم أنا المناسبة okay pay attention here when is it ظاهر brothers when is it ظاهر when none of these three happen to it what's the first one what happened to this ظاهر means when it's a explicit you can actually see can you see the فتحة on the نصر the بناء على الفق can you see it is it ظاهر is it apparent it is apparent right pay attention but these are all implicit you can't see it the reason why you can't see it is because sorry ظاهر sorry ظاهر which is the explicit one it can be seen because none of these three can happen to it that's what the room is telling you what does it say ففصحيح الآخر فصحيح الآخر so this is what زمعتل الآخر الآخر زمعتل الآخر this is معتل from the ending it's defected from the ending true or false صحيح it is because it has the ending of it إذا كان آخر هو ألفا رمع is ألف حرف إلا so it's تعظر you can't see it here أول مناسبة look what he says مناسبة is what الذي لم يتصل بواول جماعة so the word جماعة cannot connect to it so it hasn't got صحيح الآخر so ظاهر is what صحيح الآخر it doesn't have because if it goes into what does it become مناسبة are we all together brothers this is what he's trying to say to you ولا ضمير رفع المتحرك أنا ضمير رفع المتحرك cannot into it ضمير رفع المتحرك is a tag because if a tag connects to it what's gonna happen دفع الكراهة نحات as they said it's disliked for four حركات to be right under each other for a word okay so if somebody asked you what is a ظاهر for the فعل ماضي you say فحكم الفعل الماضي البناء وعلى الفتح وهذا إما ظاهر وإما مقدر أما الفتح وفي الصحيح الآخري استوانوا الصحيح الآخر الذي لم يتصل بواول جماعة number two ولا ضمير رفع المتحرك and no ضمير رفع المتحرك is connected to it because if it becomes if it becomes معتل الآخر what happens it's called التعذر if it becomes تصل بواول جماعة what happens مناسبة happens وربع if a ضمير رفع المتحرك تصل بواول جماعة does that make sense brothers so in other words the ظاهر is when those three are not there okay let's go into the مقدر now the مقدر is what I already made I explained it to you he said so he gave you an example of it أكرمة وقدمة وسافرات وسافرات وزي نبو زي نبو وحضارات سعاد هي سعد pay attention here I want you to find here we have two words here think about it سعاد doesn't answer it سعاد doesn't answer it سعاد is your next okay سعفر2 سعفر2 what is the issue with this one is it mother by the way is it mother okay is it ظاهر or is it مقدر is it مقدر why is it مقدر but why is it مقدر first of all because the فتحة can't show on it we can't see the فتحة on the on the letter we look in it the right is the last letter okay why what happened what can happen why yeah yeah why is it why is it why is it the case because the second one doesn't have it the second one doesn't have it سعفرات and سعفر2 we have he said it's your moment of shine it's your moment of shine yeah they both have تا so the first تا is called ضمير رف المتحرك جميل that's what we need to know so here you say دفع الكراه because there is ضمير رف المتحرك which is the تا are we together the تا here ضرب تو that تو by itself is a فعيل ضمير رف المتحرك it's down it holds its own weight it's an isim that is an isim by the way are we together هيا وربا وربا the next one is the next the second one is it ضاهر وزمقدر ضاهر ضاهر we can see the فتح right وربا وربا why is it دفع الكراه what means حف this تا is called تا تنديساكينة تا تنديساكينة so that what did we say to you here that تا has no it just shows that the person who did this action is a female that's all it shows it's not a فعيل are we all together pay attention تا تا when saying دفع الكراه is which one ضمير رف المتحرك which one ضمير رف المتحرك if you ضمير رف المتحرك then it becomes what it becomes it becomes اي مقدر are we all on the same page and there are many more ضمير رف المتحرك the تا is just an example we got تا in فعيليني we also have the نون and the نون نسوة all of them are they could all be it right all of them are the same صحيح all of them are the same it's not just the the فهم too it could be تا الفعيليني it could also be what it could be نون توكيد you know نون نسوة sorry and it could also be the the نون of نحن و أس and etc okay is that well understood are we all together you know what I mean when I say نون فهمنا we understood it's the same as فهم too فهمنا we understood because that نا itself is a نحم you can say it like that وفهمنا they understood the women understood this is also ضمير رف المتحرك is it not it is will stop إن شاء الله باتعاله anything you can say that was wrong incorrect information I hope Allah will give you his message free from it سبحانك الله ذلك وبحمدك أشهد بلا إله إلا الله I ask Allah to forgive me بأيتو بلي