 Llywodraeth! Rwy'n gael i chi ddim yn eibackforkio'n byd. DM coming ond o ar yopen o phrygydgan, dros rwyf heading fin sylfawr, rwyf wedi gydigio'r judging o'r judgment lat revivehop ir smell. Mae o lawer pobots fwrdd yn gwneud a tyngau y webcast o rhyw ni. Dyma'nob i lle feddorg chi ychydig gw mirrorawyr o'rCS yng nghwffrinolion chi ddysgu wrth gwrs wahanfall gafodd noddill computationes a tîm g eccryw resolutionspop Un O Beer Host Cuzn allfa cross Jr. of awards. I'm introduced to Mark II to recognize excellence in two particular distinct areas. One is developing breakthrough ideas, and the other one is for examples of high impact collaborative cross-cancel action. I'm going to introduce my panel to ask each of them to talk for one or two minutes on their own initiative and then we'll have time for questions. To my immediate left we have Jane Fountain, distinguished professor and director, national yng Nghymru, yng Nghymru yma, a'r ysgolwyddiadau yng Nghymru yn y dyfodol. Jane is going to be talking about the work that the council has been doing in the field of smart government. Next we have David Kapos, partner at Cravath, Swayne and More, Law Firm, and a member of the Global Agenda Council on the Economics of Innovation, who picked up an award for work in the intellectual property field. We have Kathleen Matthews, Executive Vice-President and Chief Global Communications and Public Affairs Officer, Marriott International for that Council's work with the Global Agenda Council on new models of travel and tourism. Then we have Jamie McAuliffe, President and Chief Executive Officer, Education for Employment, a social entrepreneur and a member of the Global Agenda Council on the Future of Jobs, and we have Subramian Rangan from the Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Court, a cofnodd y Chair in societal progress at INSEAD in France, both of whom worked together on an initiative to boost and bolster mentoring and apprenticeship in business. Jane, please tell us a bit about your award. I'd be delighted. First of all our council has been working on these issues related to the future of government now for the past, I guess it's seven years since the councils began. We had the idea last year to develop what we called a smart tool kit or smart toolbox to offer government and other interested sector leaders a guide for restoring trust in government, for delivering better services through smart cities, through smart national governments at all levels of government, for more informed societies, for information societies and economies. There were eight areas that we focused on, and while these don't cover the entire terrain of government, they do cover areas that are of great importance to government leaders in all regions of the world. Those included anti-corruption, political representation, slimming down and making more effective bureaucracies, enhancing the delivery of services, building trust both within governments and citizens to government, exercising more effective leadership worldwide, enhancing security and building capacity for innovation, also a great need. The smart toolbox also includes a number of best practices that were drawn from several countries and several regions of the world. In fact, there are 32 case studies in the smart toolkit. One of them in particular comes from your own Abdullah al-Basti, the director general of the executive office of the government of Dubai, which has been a leader in government modernization. Other cases include cases about smart cities, improved tax collection, furthering citizen engagement, open data, enhancing transparency and more. There are a few people to thank. The toolkit was launched last June at the government's summit in Dubai, and we're very grateful to the government of the United Arab Emirates and especially His Excellency Minister Ghagawi for their support of this project. We're also grateful to leaders at the forum for their ongoing support and to the team. So where are we going now that we've received this award for which we're quite grateful? Our plan going forward based on the last few days here at the summit is to take the smart toolbox and to design more cases that will be specifically addressed to government leaders at all levels in all parts of the world. Secondly, we intend to do more convening and community building, hopefully building on the world economic forum regional meetings in order to expand in each region of the globe some of these ideas to deepen them. And we're discussing, although this is quite tentative, developing a competition or a prize for government innovation. So these are some of the ways that we're planning to take the smart toolbox forward. Thank you very much. Thanks, Jen. David, you've been involved in unlocking the opportunity for inventors and innovators in emerging markets to exploit their ideas. Tell us more about that. Yeah, sure. Happy to talk about the pro bono initiative. So picture that you are an inventor in Colombia and you've created some new idea. Currently, unless you've got significant financial resources, you would have a serious problem on your hands because you would probably not be able to get access to the legal support you need to file a patent application, which is the first step in making an idea into an innovation and a marketplace outcome. Well, this project with support of the forum, the pro bono initiative, with support of the World Economic Forum, finally bridges that gap and makes pro bono legal services available to innovators in places where those pro bono legal services were never available before so that the fact that you don't have a lot of money will not be an impediment to getting the patent protection you need so that you can get into the marketplace. So that's the project. It involves the forum working with the World Intellectual Property Office, which is a wing of the United Nations, providing the gearbox, if you will, that enables attorneys in countries to join this network that helps to ensure that the conflicts issues and the malpractice insurance issues are taken care of that ensures that for whatever technology the invention is created in, there will be an attorney that can handle that technology that provides the governance, the infrastructure, the oversight, all the little things that it takes to put together a network like this. So what are we doing now? What's next for the pro bono initiative? Scaling, bringing it up in more countries and trying to get it deployed all over the world so that in the 21st century our goal is that we will have no innovation left behind. Thanks. Kathleen, your council has been working with the Africa Council to use travel and tourism as a driver for growth, job creation. Great. Innovation actually is really kind of at the core of what we were working on. I think the context is today's 21st century traveler who was really kind of a global nomad. We call it the next generation traveler. The expectation because of innovation and technology of that traveler today is that you could take your smartphone and if you were sitting in the front row right here, you could decide, you know what, I want to leave this conference, I want to travel to, let's say, Bhutan. Let me see what flights are available out of the Dubai airport. Let me see if I can get a hotel there. Let me book it. Oops, wait a minute, I might need a visa to get there. There may be a barrier to my getting there that governments have put up. So if you take that expectation of that traveler that has everything at their disposal now through innovation in terms of facilitating travel, how do you bring governments and the constructs of visas up to the same level of innovation? And so we looked at sort of how travel and tourism could be facilitated by better agreements between governments on issues like visas. We realized that travel and tourism also is a huge generator of growth and GDP. So the second piece of context for this was we were in a global economic downturn where countries were looking for new ways to create jobs. And once they saw the numbers on how many international visitors to their country actually translate into job creation, suddenly there was a motivating factor for governments to start to review their processes and figure out are our visa regimes actually onerous, are they barriers to travel, how can we protect security, which is why visas were created in the first place, but at the same time enable that next generation global nomad to travel and potentially bring wealth and jobs into our local economies. The beauty of this is that this was as much an issue during the global economic downturn for developed countries as it was for developing countries because they're all looking for that tourist or tourism dividend. And so partnering with the Africa Council, Africa looking at first of all a very connected population all on mobile devices as they leapfrog across some of the earlier infrastructure to mobile with an expectation of travel, the opportunity for business generation with regional travel. But if you looked at the government constructs for this, it's harder for an African to travel within Africa for tourism or for business than it was for a European to travel within Africa or for an American like me to travel within Africa. In fact the Africa Council found that for Africans 65% of the countries in Africa required them to have a visa. For the typical European only 55% of countries required them to have a visa. For Americans only half the countries required them to have a visa. So how could you bring parity to Africans at least to the Europeans and the Americans for mobility within their own country? And what a boon that would be for local tourism, regional tourism, but also for regional business and for trade. And so with the council we targeted the Global Economic Forum in Abuja last year as a deadline for us to try to rally as many African leaders as possible in front of whom we could put this argument to show them the economic value and actually the human dividend or the people dividend of creating all these new jobs if they were to look at their visa regimes. We were successful in getting the heads of state of Uganda, Rwanda and Kenya in East Africa to agree to a visa free travel area. And this is sort of the prototype of what we hope to replicate in ASEAN in the Pacific Alliance in Latin America and other parts of the world as we look at a regional approach to looking at visa regimes and looking for visa free travel areas. We think that this is a great stepping stone and will actually help us leapfrog because of the trust within regions, the common trade that you have within regions that are really kind of the foundation for that freedom of travel within regions. And if you can start connecting regions around the world you may have quicker progress than if you go through the traditional bilateral government to government negotiations that currently underpin most visa regimes. And so what we're looking at is a future world where that global nomad can do all of this online, can actually access a smart visa through electronic processes and that governments are doing a better job of talking to each other and sharing the kind of data that really underpins the security piece of visas. And so we'll be creating many more global nomads, a lot more discovery of the world, hopefully more political stability in regions because of that trading of people as well as of goods and services. Jamie, your council, the future of jobs and Subi, your council, the emerging multinationals collaborated on a project called 10 Youth which was aiming at apprenticeship and talent unlocking. Jamie, I'd like you to maybe talk a little bit about that in more detail to give our audience here some information. Subi, perhaps you could offer us some insights into where you're taking this project forward. Sure. In fact, this actually began with a collaboration between the council I had shared called the Council on Youth Unemployment. There's a global crisis of youth unemployment that's growing every year. We have literally hundreds of millions of young people who are looking to get connected to the workforce and in this region in particular we all know the very high rates of youth unemployment. The other problem is that businesses are having trouble finding ways to bring young people into the workforce. This was really the effort that our council worked on together to try to come up with an initiative that would help companies be more intentional about providing pathways for young people to get experience, work in companies and begin to build their careers. It's called 10 Youth, Talent Enterprises Need. It really is addressing the experience trap that so many young people find themselves in where employers need experience for them to hire a young person. Where's a young person going to get experience on the job? How do you work on this? There are examples of apprenticeship systems and on-the-job training systems that have worked very well to provide that first step into the labour market for young people. 10 Youth was attempting to capture the best practices from those apprenticeship and mentoring systems, how to get a young person trained up on the job, get that on-the-job experience and then support them with ongoing mentoring and coaching on the job to make it easier for them to build their careers. I'll let Subi say a little bit more about why this really resonated with the companies that make up the WEF community and where we're going with that now. Thank you. Good morning everybody. The council I worked on was the council on emerging multinationals. In many emerging economies, one of the biggest bottlenecks for growth is talent. Even when young people have college degrees, many enterprises find that they may not be work ready. Some of the typical challenges that we understand but haven't really been able to address are people may have degrees, they have functional skills. One of the insights we got from Jamie's council was people get hired for functional skills but often they get fired for behavioral skills. The school system and the traditional curriculum did not address these in an integrated manner. The way we conceived this was if you're an emerging multinational, one of your aspirations is growth and the bottleneck often seems to be work ready, productive talent that you might want to retain. That's what Ten Youth tries to address. The model that we're trying to address it with is something called M&A, which is mentoring and apprenticeship. The ideas, as Jamie mentioned, have existed for a long time. What we've tried to do is make lean mentoring and lean apprenticeship. Not necessarily the expensive gold standard of the Germanic countries in Europe, but something that is more affordable for even mid-size and small enterprises. The whole idea is if enterprises engage not only in the consumption of human capital but eventually the production of human capital, this is better for them in terms of growth and better for the employees and for society at large. What is enterprise engagement going to be based on in Ten Youth? It's based on three T's. Talent, technology and trust. But you've got to produce trust and you've got to produce the technology and that's where currently Ten Youth stands. This is a good idea. We have piloted it. Companies like it. But if we want to make this scalable then we will need to use technology. The technology that we're using, as you just heard Cathy say, it's the mobile phone. What we're developing is an app. At this point we're developing a mentoring app and hopefully sometime in the next year we will release this app and then eventually work on an apprenticeship app. But technology is going to be very important. It's a multinational contribution. There are people working from the United States, from Europe, from India, from other parts of the world on this. So it really is very collaborative and what we hope is that if we can generate something like this then we will not only increase trust in enterprises but also trust in youth. Both of these trust we know is a big deal and government cannot have all the answers. I think youth and enterprises need to step forward. This is what the aspiration is. Thank you. Thank you. Do you have any questions? Okay. Gentleman here in the front row. Excuse me. So please give us your name and who you want to ask the question to. Abdullah Bahagag from Sultanate of Oman. Undoubtedly technology has broken all the barriers but it hasn't been able to break the political barriers and the biggest evidence on that is the visas that are required in different countries. The big challenge that you are to face is how to help these countries because the visa is of great security significance for them. The world is now in turmoil and we have a lot of tension and I do believe that it is a critical situation where everyone is moving towards extremism. Therefore, at the right of each country to put the visa as a requirement to protect its security, you must create a mechanism or a tool using the technology that allows these states to have a free movement for the travellers among all the countries instead of waiting for 15 to 20 days to get your visas. You can have it prompt instantly through using this technology. This is my first point. My second point. What about the job opportunities? I believe the more we use the technology, the less job opportunities we have. For example, you can see the automation sector and the greatest development in the manufacturing of cars. In addition to all that, we can see that all these states are putting hindering and obstacles in the movement of the business sector and the movement of the businesses from one country to the other where we have what we call in our countries the nationalization of the jobs where we have quota to recruit the nationals. They are not recruiting them because they are eligible and because they have the right degree, but because they have a quota that they are to abide by. This is a big problematic. Can you please elaborate more on it? Thank you. There are two very distinct questions. Firstly, are you reconciling visa facilitation with security? Perhaps if anyone has any comments on the broader issue of reconciling technology and innovation with jobs, Catherine, maybe you could start with the first question. So, your question actually has addressed a lot of the issues that we've been wrestling with at this global agenda council because the new context really for us this year is the growing concern over groups like ISIS and their mobility around the world and making sure that bad actors don't have the permission slip to move between countries. Issues like Ebola where you have concern about global pandemics crossing borders with travelers and so your right spot on countries have a right to protect their borders. Countries need to develop better data internally, but countries also have to look to trust relationships with allies and other countries on sharing data that will make each of them more secure. I think what we're going to be wrestling with in the next two years of this global agenda council term is not only forging more of these regional alliances with groups like the African visa free regime groups or ASEAN or Latin America or other places in the world, but also looking at data sharing and how countries share the right data and yet protect what they believe they need to protect internally to secure their countries. And so that's going to be a big focus for us. I think within regions you do have trust because you have more experience of travel and trade and so we think that's a good foundation for starting. But we're looking at things like Interpol and how can Interpol in the future state become an even more effective repository of data. And also how do you protect privacy? I think what we found is in surveys where you ask customers, if you ask people how much of your data are you willing to surrender in order to get the following benefits. And consumers, I think, get less concerned about their privacy when they see that surrendering their own data, which is what is required when you give a visa application. You have to put forth a lot of data. Well, to get even more secure borders but more facilitation, you'll probably have to put out even more data. Are you comfortable doing that if you have more mobility, if the benefit to you is actually being able to travel around the world more freely? We even threw out the idea of exploring a global passport and what would a global passport look like, a passport in which is embedded permission without having to secure a visa for a particular trip. The permission slip to travel around the world. What kind of data sharing is required in the world to get to that end state for a global passport that has all the visas embedded into it? What would be the cost structure because governments rely on visas for revenues as well? So there's a piece of that. So I think this is what we're exploring going forward. But again, I think what we're saying is this mobility translates into economic opportunity and growth for countries. So far in this year, we're seeing 5% growth in global travel and tourism. It's usually been about 3-4%. So just the sheer desire of people to travel around the world and the rising middle classes is resulting in more people wanting to travel even with the barriers that currently exist. So how do we unleash that further and yet have those security concerns potentially even better protected because our technology and data sharing is even better between countries? Just yesterday, President Barack Obama announced in Beijing that negotiations between the U.S. and China have resulted in extending the duration of the U.S. China visas reciprocally from one year to 10 years. A 10-year visa will probably translate into more trips because you will be able to take trips more opportunistically because you won't have to worry about getting that visa every year, say, to travel between those countries. We believe that's going to boost travel between our two countries. That was based on data sharing, a trust relationship, but also knowing the benefit to both countries of having those international travelers coming into their countries. So I think that's what we're wrestling with so you're right on target. In terms of who gets the jobs, ultimately countries have to decide that they'll create the capabilities and the training for their own people to be able to move into the industries where there are new jobs. I think my colleagues will address that. So you want to be able to employ your own people first, but hopefully the economic dividend is so great that you also want mobility of people to come in to take the jobs when your own country can't manage the human capital requirements of say a particular industry. So here in the UAE, as more nationals come into various jobs, the calibration the government will make is how many expats have to come in to take the additional jobs that can't be filled locally. But hopefully there's dividend both to the local people as well as mobility for industries to be able to move people around when they need people to fill those jobs. Mindful of time, if you have any further comments then please. I'll just add one other comment to the automation question because the council that I'm chairing now is, vice chair of now, is called the future of jobs. And this is again something we're dealing with in the next two years because there's a lot of talk about the rapid change that's being accelerated through technology and automation. There's not a lot of great data though about how it's affecting different industries, what pace, what are the skill implications because just as automation is taking some jobs away technology is also creating other opportunities. And there are sectors like tourism and travel that are growing rapidly. So one of the things that we're going to really be focusing on over the next two years is getting better data from companies and critical industries to understand how technology is changing the nature of jobs and the skill requirements and what new opportunities are there. And I think that data and information in the hands of governments and educational institutions and companies will help inform strategies that need to be put in place to make sure that young people are getting trained and skilled in the areas that will fill jobs in the future and create that real talent capital that every country needs to thrive and grow. Great, thanks very much indeed. Well we are running on empty as it were because we've extended the duration of a press conference. We all do have to go to the closing planaries so I'm closing this press conference now. Thank you very much to our panel, thank you all for joining us. If I could just ask you to stay behind for 30 more seconds we'll take a quick photograph. Thanks very much indeed.