 Hi Friends We will discuss other important component of IPM That is, life management ñ by modifying insect development and its behrayer through both natural and synthetic chemicals In this lecture Iím going to deal with the communication in insects Behavioral aspects of the insects and same-year chemicals and furomones, allelic chemicals, then chitin synthesis inhibitors, then afterwards attractant, repellents and also antifidents. On this earth, each and every organism has developed its own communication system. In vertebrates, the communication system is through auditory and visual, but in case of insects, apart from auditory and visual, the another system of communication is through olfaction and also tactile. In insect, the communication system through olfaction, it is strong and this olfaction behavior of insect can be well established and this can be used in pest management programs. Through insect behavior, it is through producing some chemicals either by insects and also some host plant species. Some of the volatile compounds and also non-volatile compounds produced by the plant species actually they deter the insect species by changing its behavior. This was involved in the pest management strategy through trap cropping system. So another way of modifying insect, it is through food lures and also some of the beds which are being used in the pest management program both in household pest management and also field insects. However, even though we have long history of adoption of this technology, but its adoption in agricultural system is slow. It is because of availability of cheaper chemicals which have broad spectrum activity against various insect pests and at the same time they are cheap, they are quite convenient to handle and thereby farmers, they have obtained the chemical protection than other means of production. Then they learnt about the more bad or ill effects of these broad spectrum insecticide. To quote one example here, when the DDT was used in USA, the same DDT residue was about 0.0002 ppm in the lake water. When the fish was taken out from the same lake, the magnification of this DDT was magnified to 15 times. So the residual toxicity of this hazardous chemical was accumulated in fishes and thereby environmental protection agency, it seriously acted upon this DDT and ultimately they banned this DDT product from the use in agricultural ecosystem and started using the alternative management practices, among them one is manipulation of pest behavior. So it is one method which is based on the principles of ecology since it does not have any ill effects on the environment and it is going to save the natural fauna and flora also. So these chemicals which affect growth, development, biology and the ecology of pest species can be differently looked into. So thereby these chemicals which are actually safe to the natural enemies since they have low toxicity in the nature. So for their communication insects most of the times they depend on chemicals and their chemical cues. So this phenomena was used in the pest management. The much work on the chemical technology, it is going on since three to four decades and this resulted in the discovery, identification and synthesis of specific chemicals. So that regulate the and also mediate which affects the development and species behavior of the insect. Such chemicals when they use they cause premature death that is abnormal molting or metamorphosis at the same times other chemicals they are going to attract or repel towards the source. So this behavioral alteration of the chemical it is defined by scientist called Foster and Harris during 1997. The manipulation of pest behavior is defined as the use of stimuli that either stimulate or inhibit a behavior and thereby it is going to bring out some changes in the expression of the insects. So the another chemicals which changes the behavior of the insects they are called Cmeochemicals. So the word Cmeon it is actually derived from Greek word that means to say a mark or signals. So those chemicals that are able to modify behavior of a insect in its perception which is going to cause changes behavior at very low level they are called Cmeochemicals. These Cmeochemicals can be divided into naturally secreted ones and which are not naturally secreted ones. So under naturally secreted Cmeochemicals we have furomons and also allelochemicals. So these furomons they actually communication between one species and this is between intraspecific that is that means to say that is between two different species. Then in this we have allelomons, chyromons, synomons, antimons and also nemons. So in furomons we have two groups that is religiore furomons and also primer furomons. So from the point of pest management we have more information about these furomons which are being used since many years for modifying the insect pest behavior for the advantage of the pest management program. In next class we are going to deal more about these furomons and their application in the pest management program. Thank you.