 Dear students, in this topic, we shall discuss the scientific approaches which are used to study animal behavior. The animal behavioral scientists, that is, ethologists, have developed two complementary approaches to study animal behavior. These approaches are, first one is the neuro-ethological approach and second one is the ethological approach. The neuro-ethological approach involves bringing the animal into the laboratory and observing its behavior in a simplified set of circumstances. Dear students, what are the simplified set of circumstances? If you look at it, when we bring an animal into the laboratory, it goes far away from the natural environment. There are no predators in the laboratory. Similarly, in the laboratory, the number of its own species, i.e. the number of specific species and their genders can vary, and it is usually not related to the natural environment. Similarly, there are unusual lights in the laboratory, there are unusual smells and sounds. Similarly, for an animal to live in a place that is comparatively smaller and confined space. For an animal in such a set, i.e. a simplified set, the neuro-ethological study of behavior is focused on the study of neuronal processes, responses, and signals generated during the manifestation of an animal behavior. To record these observations, i.e. the neuro-ethological approach is the objective To record these observations, the nervous system of the animal is exposed surgically, and then mukhlif electrodes are attached and recordings are obtained from neurons as animal is showing its behavior. The neuro-ethological approach is significant because the studies under such restrictive conditions can be used to obtain the neuronal information about behavior. That is possible only in the restricted conditions of laboratory. However, this approach has many limitations because such experiments cannot equate an animal's dealing in its own natural environment, where it has to deal with its daily life activities with other animals and with its environment. To eliminate this disadvantage, the method of the neuro-ethological approach is adopted, which involves going of the scientists into the field and observe animals' behavior in its own natural environment. However, there are also limitations to the method of the neuro-ethological approach because an ethylologist cannot do a lot of experiments in natural conditions. It is impossible to record the activity from an animal's nervous system, which is actually involved in producing the behavior. We cannot record it in the natural environment. This is a major limitation of the ethylological approach.