 nationalism in 21st century. In this session we are going to highlight the relationship between the political sociology, political thinkers and what they are thinking about nationalism specifically in the 21st century. Because nationalism is a feeling that affects the individual life as well as the society. And in the modern world, in the modern time period, we are experiencing the group loyalties too and we are experiencing the individual leaders. Those are talking about nationalism. And even we have heard the term of pan nationalism that wherever in the world, if there are people who believe in the first group, they are basically a group in the whole world. But we see that the modern world, especially with the speedy transportation, with the speedy means of communication. Communication is easy. People can communicate with each other but people who have an affiliation, people who have a feeling, somehow they will come out of their straight boundaries and how they will operate. In the 21st century, there is a debate that is going on specifically in the field of political sociology. Because as far as the relationship is concerned with the group, and they want to provide some services to people who have their own ideology, they want to provide. So in the modern times, it is possible. We know that there are many groups that keep their people on top priority. And in order to improve their lives, they give donations, in the field of education, in the field of health, they also provide economic support to each other. But if it comes here, is it possible for political ambitions to then definitely every state has its own boundaries? Then if there are such activities for political affiliation, then they will be converted into negative. And then that negative activity will not be allowed by any promoter or any state. Because nationalist ideology that continues to shape global politics today. And yet 21st century nationalism is faced with a unique set of challenges. For example, migration, diaspora create cultural, economic and social networks which now bind people across entire continents and let alone countries. Definitely, this is a very big problem in the world right now. The states that are facing this right now, how to control migration? Migration, especially in the name of group loyalty. One is migration. You migrate to improve your situation or there are some unavoidable circumstances. But if there is migration based on group loyalty, then it will challenge the state system and it will convert into a very big issue. Then in the time of globalization, again, some people are talking about the regional integration and some people are even talking about the nation-building concepts. So how is nation-building to be in one place even if they have local identities? They have to convert to an overall nation feeling. That is to say, local identities do not harm the state but they create a feeling in people that they are specifically from the state. They are citizens of that state. So their duties they have to perform as the citizens of that specific state. Their top priority, top loyalty, should be with the state instead of that group. And number one, for them, their identity should be their state. After that, their group loyalty does not create any threat for the state. Rather, it does the efforts to make them a part of the system. So we can see that even in the 21st century, the feeling of nationalism still exists. But for that, there are many more challenges and many more debates which are very important for political sociology, topic and our area of concern.