 going to dive more specifically on two key regions. Mr. Okulehi, Sam, let's start with you please and thank you for sharing your vision of what Africa is of the African situation but also your own experience as an investor and providing us with this experience of private stakeholder. Absolutely, thank you everybody and of course great to be here again for the second time in a row and I'm just going to take from where Mr. Kullen stopped and which is the impact of geopolitics on food production, food consumption, nutrition on emerging markets especially the vulnerable emerging markets like Africa for example and the essence of this is why governments in Africa and especially other vulnerable emerging markets should care, should care about what is happening in the rest of the world from Russia, Ukraine, crisis or to lately the Israeli Gaza conflict or as the case may be what is happening between the United States and China between India and China or as the case may be and I think the most vivid example of why this is important is last year when we started to see the crisis that started in Sri Lanka as a result of you know the crisis in Russia, Ukraine what started to happen in Africa in many parts of Africa with the impact of what is happening in those parts of the world on food production in some of these vulnerable markets and we say vulnerable because it's interesting to learn that for many countries in Africa the staple foods the staple diets in these countries are still imported whether it is bread which is consumed in many parts of Africa and main ingredient being wheat and wheat you know coming from Ukraine and Russia for example whether it's in maize corn which is a very staple in Africa and it is net imported into Africa today or whether it's even cassava for example in West Africa which is not just a staple but a base ingredient for a lot of the products that are consumed in Africa beyond food and beyond nutrition so the interesting thing to note here is for example why these countries should start to care and why protectionism happening in many parts of the world starts to impact on countries like like Africa for example and there are very interesting themes that start to happen and it's interesting that Mr. Cullen has pointed out a lot of them in his presentation and you know some of these very interesting things that start to happen is for example protectionism we've seen for example the ban by India on rice exports and how that starts to have a very important impact in countries like Nigeria for example Kenya all over Africa where rice has become a big staple and the interesting thing that protectionism starts to do is that it starts to make food a weapon because there is social unrest in these countries as a result of these situations there is a lot of problems that start to come out of it like migration and we start to see a lot of people migrating from Africa into into Europe and the Mediterranean sea now becoming almost a cemetery if you like and 12 out of the 54 countries in Africa have declared a food emergency this year as a result of the protectionist or the inflationary or the geopolitical impact of what is happening in other parts of the world other than than Africa itself so it's important to point out things like you know health challenges food as a weapon protectionism inflation and so on and so forth you know being the consequential effects of geopolitics in these parts of the world now following this then is what should African countries or what should these vulnerable emerging markets start to look out for or start to do in order then to make sure that food security becomes a focal point of their policy agendas in order to make sure that there's not only a secure and peaceful environment in these countries but that there is a very healthy population in this in these parts of the world I think the first thing that starts to become very important is first of all building resilience in the supply chains or building resilience in the infrastructure that allows you know for these countries to make sure that they get food back home and this can can go all the way from neonization or localization of these supply chains to make sure that urbanization is good of course but urbanization of course does not have to come at the cost of depleting agricultural lands or depleting investment in agricultural practices to boost production of food in in these parts of the world next to that is technology research digitization if you like and it was very interesting in some of the presentations that we saw earlier today if you go around supermarkets here in the Middle East you find tomatoes you find cherries you find berries and the kinds of things that you would never expect to to grow in this part of the world now being grown here in the United Arab Emirates for example and that has gone a long way in securing the food system in these parts of the world and this is something that African countries then have to start to put a big focus on to ensure that you know there is localization and there is near near realization if you like of production basis and this has to be held by technology it has to be held by research conservation of water and so on and so forth of course there is diplomacy and multilateral engagement and for countries in Africa to start to understand that there is every reason to care about what is happening in other parts of the world that a war in Ukraine is not just a Ukrainian and Russian problem that the the faceoff between India for example and China is not just an India China problem or that the global trade dispute between the United States and China is not just a United States and China problem that of course it's a global village today and it's very important that diplomatic relationships or multilateral efforts at solving these problems either from a regional perspective a co-ass or an African Union perspective is key and important to making sure that we keep a big focus on all of these of course there is targeted fiscal and monetary policy inflation is a big issue today and inflation is a big issue in these parts of the country in these parts of the world that I'm talking about not just from a local perspective but also from a global perspective there is the impact of the fact that like I said earlier almost all of the staples in African cuisine and diet today is imported you have the double whammy of the deterioration of the currencies in these parts of the world vis-a-vis the US dollar that is the currency that you require or euro or as the case may be to make sure that these import are brought in and of course the inflationary effects of it the energy cost and so on and so forth and last but not least there is of course the key importance that has to be paid to sustainability and sustainability finance or climate finance because of course we have to preserve the production systems in these parts of the world is very important that governments start to make sure that climate related finance or sustainability related finance is paid a very important attention because for example the kinds of resources that we need to make sure that food production is kept at its premium is extremely important whether it is water whether it is forestation or as the case may be is paid a very keen attention to now in summary that the essence of this is to start to understand of course the impact of geopolitics on food systems and these are some of the very important things that need to be done in order to make sure that these countries have a very very keen focus on why it is important to start to care about what's happening in the rest of the world. Thank you. Thank you Mr. Oculey and also for helping us making one step further after Mr. Cullen's presentation and highlighting how intertwined are the issues and how geopolitics and food security have tight relations and it's not only about producing and consuming in Africa but also managing the relationships and caring about what happens in the rest of the world.